Biology Unit 5 Quiz 4

virulence

the ability of a virus to cause disease

extremeophile

the common name of species of the kingdom Archaea

salinity

the concentration of salt in a body of water

lysis

the death of a cell by breaking that cell open

receptor site

the external cell structure on a host cell which allows a virus to recognize and attach to it

envelope

the lipid-based membrane which encloses some viruses, made of material taken from the host cell membrane

viral attachment protein

the part of the viral capsid protein which will bind with the receptor site on a specific type of host cell

viral budding

the release of virions from the host cell through the cell membrane, a process which includes encasing the virion with an envelope composed of lipids from the host cell membrane

lytic cycle

the replication cycle of a virus in which new virions are manufacture and assembled, the end of which cycle is the lysis of the host cell and the release of the new virion

lysogenic cycle

the replication cycle of a virus in which, although the viral genetic material is being replicated along with the host cell genetic material, no new virions are being produced

prion brain

A ______________ is an abnormal disease-causing protein which affects the _____________ of the animal or human.

oxygen

An anaerobic organism does not need ________________ to survive. sunlight oxygen nitrogen water

methanogen

Archaea which live in an anaerobic environment and which produce methane as part of their respiratory process

halophile

Archaea which live in high salinity environments

thermoacidophile

Archaea which live in high temperature and/or acidic environments

True

Methanogens are able to live in anaerobic conditions. True False

viroids, Hepatitis D

Naked disease-causing RNA molecules known as ___________________ cause ________________________________________ in humans. prions, epilepsy viroids, Hepatitis D prions, heart attacks viroids, cancer

very high temperatures very high acidity

Select the conditions in which thermoacidophiles are known to live. very high temperatures very high acidity very high salinity very high oxygen content

They do not use energy for metabolism of any kind. They are not able to reproduce independently. Their virulence is maintained by non-living cultures.

Select the reasons why viruses, prions, and viroids are not classified as living organisms. They do not use energy for metabolism of any kind. They are not able to reproduce independently. Their virulence is maintained by non-living cultures. They are only motile in the early stages of growth.

virion

The _________________ structure is a single virus unit, including the genetic material and capsid. lysogenic envelope virion icosohedral

envelope structure

The ____________________________________________________________________________ is the lipid-based membrane surrounding some viruses. envelope structure polymer lipomembrane capsid structure

protein

The capsid structure is the __________________ covering of a virus. outside molecular supportive protein

capsid

The protein covering of a virus

Alicyclobacillus, thermoacidophiles

The scientific name of the organism that sours fruit juice is called ____________________________________________ and it belongs to the group of ___________________________________________________. Sulfolobus, halophiles Alicyclobacillus, methanagens Alicyclobacillus, thermoacidophiles Sulfolobus, thermoacidophiles

False

The viral genetic material structure has nucleic acid molecules in the form of both DNA and RNA. True False

viral budding

Viruses which typically have a lipid covering called an envelope are released from the host cell through _______________________________________________________. viral budding transformation transduction conjugation

halophiles

Which of the following organisms are known to live in conditions with very high salinity? thermoacidophiles salinophiles halophiles methanogens

They live in extreme environments where most organisms can't survive.

Why are members of the kingdom Archaea often called extremeophiles? They grow in a variety of bizarre shapes. They go to extreme methods to reproduce. They are able to mimic different kinds of organisms in different kinds of environments. They live in extreme environments where most organisms can't survive.

viroid

a disease-causing RNA molecule

virologist

a scientist who studies viruses

attenuated vaccine

a vaccine containing live pathogens which have been modified to make them much less virulent, or even non-virulent

inactivated vaccine

a vaccine containing non-living pathogens or parts of pathogens, which the immune system will recognize and against which pathogenic organisms the body will form antibodies

prion

an abnormal protein structure which is pathogenic

latent infection

an inactive infection which is still capable of becoming active and producing symptoms; often associated with the lysogenic cycle of a viral infection

virion

an individual virus particle

T4 bacteriophage

complex

Tobacco Mosaic Virus

helical

HIV/ AIDS virus

icosahedral

anaerobic organisms

organisms which grow in the absence of free atmospheric oxygen