Biomedical Ethics Ch. 1-3

whereas the moral norms discussed in chapter 1 chiefly govern right action, character ethics or virtue ethics concentrates on the ______ who performs actions

agent

particular moralities are all of the following except one

content thin

in order to counter the burnout in the practice of medicine, BC7 recommends instilling _________ alongside compassion

detachment

the person of __________ is disposed to understand and perceive what circumstances demand in the way of human responsiveness

discernment

BC7 explains that professionals are distinguished by all but which of the following characteristics

employs many people

Aristotle suggests moral character and moral achievement are functions of a strong family upbringing and training in doing the right thing in a variety of different situations

false

BC7 consider the common morality ahistorical and a priori

false

BC7 explain that violations of professional standards of conduct are rightly understood as violations of the rules of professional associations

false

BC7 explains that a moral virtue is a disposition to act in accordance with moral principles and ideals

false

BC7 explains that persons of true integrity can and should always negotiate and compromise his or her values in an intrainstitutional confrontation

false

BC7 explains that supererogatory actions are located on an altogether different scale than obligations

false

BC7 explains that the conscience is a special moral faculty and self-justifying moral authority

false

BC7 explains that the domain of obligatory actions is continuous with the domain of norms of supererogation by exceeding those obligations

false

Charles Bosk points out that there are 3 different types of error or mistake: technical, judgmental, and mathematical

false

Feelings and a certain type of motivation are morally important in a virtue theory in a way that can be also accurately presented by an obligation-based theory

false

John Rawls, citing the "Aristotelian principle" explains that the virtues are moral excellence and that lack of them will undermine our ability to act compassionately and according to relevant principles

false

all public policies are laws

false

by definition moral ideals are required of all persons

false

from ancient medicine to the present, physicians have subjected their codes of ethics to the scrutiny of patients and the public

false

if an act is morally right then a law allowing that act is morally right

false

if an act is right and the actor is blameless then the actor is virtuous

false

if cultures or social groups approve a trait and regard it as moral, their approval is sufficient to qualify the trait as a moral virtue

false

in the case if dilemmas, BC7 argue we are obligated to perform both morally required actions in the situations involved

false

in the common morality the rule of respecting the dignity of others takes precedence over all others

false

in the history of medical ethics, respect for autonomy and justice have played a central role, while non-maleficence and beneficence were neglected and have risen to prominence only recently

false

moral analysis, although a good method for evaluating existing policy, is not good at the formation of public policy

false

norms of a particular morality is morally justified even if they violate norms in the common morality

false

our feelings and concerns for others lead us to actions that can be reduced to following the rules

false

persons who accept a particular morality acquire an authoritative moral voice for all persons

false

problems of professional ethics usually arise from conflicts over appropriate professional standards or conflicts between the duty to be objective researches and partial advocates

false

seeing how to follow a rule in a situation involves a form of conscientiousness that is independent of seeing that the rule applies

false

seeing how to follow a rule in a situation involves a form of integrity that is independent of seeing that the rule applies

false

the AMA has from the 19th century to the present more and more emphasized the virtues as important to medical practice

false

the ethics of care originated primarily in the judeo-christian tradition

false

the virtue of integrity represents two aspects of a person's character: coherent integration of aspects of the self and the willingness to go above and beyond what is required in any particular situation

false

theoretical ethics employs general concepts and norms to address particular problems

false

there is a clear boundary between obligatory and supererogatory actions

false

two types of non-normative ethics are distinguishable: descriptive ethics and practical ethics

false

a pharmacist refusal to fill a prescription for an emergency contraceptive is an example of a conscientious objection

true

a rights-based or obligation-based account may neglect appropriate forms of empathy

true

all general moral norms are justifiably overridden in some circumstances

true

all moral rules are, in principle, subject to specification

true

all persons with moral capacities can cultivate the character traits of most importance to morality

true

caring itself has a cognitive dimension

true

defenses of the ethics of care often find principles irrelevant in the moral life

true

discernment involves the ability to make fitting judgments and reach decisions without being unduly influenced by extraneous considerations, fears, personal attachments, and the like

true

distrust has been engendered by mechanisms of managed care

true

ethics means different ways of understanding and examining the moral life

true

even with a conscientious objection, health care workers have an ethical duty to disclose options for obtaining legal, morally controversial services, as well as in many cases a duty to provide a referral for those services

true

good health care often involves insight into the needs or patients and considerate attentiveness to their circumstances, which derive from the emotional responsiveness than from reason

true

in professional life the traits that warrant encouragement and admiration often derive from role responsibilities

true

landmark legal decisions can both represent and alter communal norms

true

nurses and physicians must understand the feelings and experiences of patients to respond appropriately to them

true

nurses, physicians, and pharmacists must understand the feelings and experience of patients to respond appropriately to them and their illnesses and injuries

true

persons can feel violated by having to abandon their personal commitments to pursue moral objectives

true

professional moralities are one form of particular morality

true

professionals may mistakenly suppose that they are satisfying all relevant moral requirements by strictly following rules of their professional code of ethics

true

the common morality contains moral character traits

true

the obligations that professions attempt to enforce are determined by an accepted role and comprise the ethics of the profession

true

there are core tenets in every acceptable particular morality that are not relative to cultures, groups, or individuals

true

unlike the virtues of integrity, which is focused on the self, compassion is directed at others

true

virtues such as loyalty, courage, generosity, kindness, respectfulness, and benevolence at times lead persons to act inappropriately and unacceptably

true

what often matters most in the moral life is not adherence to moral rules, but having a reliable character, a good moral sense, and an appropriate emotional responsiveness

true

when relationships are voluntary and among intimates it is appropriate for the law to forbid lawsuits for harms that occur

true

without exhibiting partiality, we would impair or sever our most important relationships

true

__________ is a confident belief in and reliance on the moral character and competence of another person

trustworthiness

to be __________ is to merit confidence in one's character and conduct

trustworthy

the common morality is characterized by all but one of the following characteristics

concrete

BC7 explains that the violations of ___________ are accompanied by feelings of remorse, guilt, shame, disunity, or disharmony

conscience

an individual acts _______ if he or she is motivated to do what is right because it is right, has tried with due diligence to determine what is right, and intends to do what is right, and exerts appropriate effort to do so

conscientiously

BC7 explains that a conscience is a form of self-reflection

true

BC7 uses an analogy of education to argue for aspiring to act beyond the moral minimum

true

Carol Gilligan maintains that men tend to embrace an ethic of rights and justice whereas women tend to affirm an ethic of care

true

BC7 considers ______ as a fundamental virtue in relationships, practices, and actions in health care

care

the set of universal norms shared by all persons committed to morality is called the

common morality

in its most general sense, moral ______ means soundness, reliability, wholeness, and integration of moral character

integrity

____ involves analysis of the language, concepts, and methods of reasoning in normative ethics

metaethics

descriptive ethics and metaethics are ____ because their objective is to establish what factually or conceptually is the case not what ethically ought to be the case or what is ethically valuble

nonnormative

name the three characteristics of a public policy as per BC7

set of normative, enforceable guidelines, accepted by an official public body, to govern a particular area of conduct.

Aristotle explained that we acquire virtues much as we do the ability to cook

true

Aristotle suggests that moral character and moral achievement are functions of self-cultivation and aspiration.

true