Biomolecules

enzymes are ____

catalysts

nucleic acid (definition)

complex macromolecule that stores cellular info in the form of a code

general name for small carbohydrate polymers

disaccharide

proteins do NOT provide ____

energy

fat main function

energy storage, insulation, protective coatings

lipid function

energy storage, insulation. protective coating

a special class of polypeptides (proteins):

enzymes

much of the body's metabolism involves breaking apart or ____

forming biomolecules

main of use of phospholipids in the body

forms cell membrane

examples of enzymes' functions

play a part in what food is stored and what energy is released or stored

a protein polymer is a(n) ____

polypeptide

general name for large carbohydrate polymers

polysaccharides

enzyme (definition)

proteins that speed up reactions

RNA

ribonucleic acid

rRNA

ribosomal-uses mRNA to assemble the amino acids in correct order

unsaturated fats

share a double bond with one of its neighbors.

carbon atoms can form ____, ____, and ____ bonds

single, double, triple

examples of polysaccharides and functions

starch (plants), glycogen, cellulose food storage gives plants structural support

make a sketch of condensation.

...

make a sketch of hydrolysis

...

how many different types of monomers are there that make up all of the proteins in the human body?

20

how many electrons are in carbon's outer energy level?

4

examples and their functions/origins (carbohydrates)

C6H2O6 glucose, fructose create energy for cells

a polymer is ____

a large molecule formed when many smaller molecules form together

metabolism

all of the chemical reactions that occur within an organism.

explain why phospholipid structure lends itself to its function

allows cell membrane to interact with perfect amount of water

a protein monomer is a(n) ____

ameno acid

carbohydrates: (definition and main function)

an organic compound composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, with a ratio of about 2 hydrogen to 1 oxygen for every carbon atom. store and release energy.

describe the process of hydrolysis in which polymers are broken apart into monomers

break water down.

rings

c-c-c l l c-c-c

straight chain

c-c-c-c

branch chain

c-c-c-c l c-c-c

why is carbon an excellent molecule on which to build larger molecules?

it can share with 4 other molecules

proteins (definition)

large, complex polymer composed of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur

phospholipids

lipids with a phosphate group attached. O - head is hydrophilic ( loves water ) < - tail is hydrophobic ( afraid of water )

a very large polymer is called a ____

macromolecule

RNA function

make protein

mRNA

messenger-brings info from DNA to cell's factory floor

the general term for small molecules that serve as the building blocks for larger molecules is called ____

monomer

the general name for carbohydrate monomers

monosachride

give 3 examples of polypeptides

muscle tissue immune system collagen (holds skin to muscle)

saturated fats

no double bond used

RNA location

nucleus

lipids definition

organic compounds that have a large proportion of CH bonds and less oxygen than carbohydrates. (fat/oil)

what bonds hold monomers together?

peptide bond

give protein's 2 main functions

structure-tissues and organisms carry out cell metabolism

examples of disaccharide molecules and their functions

sucrose (table sugar) lactose

DNA

the master copy of all organisms info code located in nucleus forms genetic cods that determines how an organism looks and acts

describe the process of condensation by which monomers are joined together to form polymers

the polymers smush together and water is taken out.

tRNA

transfer/supplier