Biomolecules
enzymes are ____
catalysts
nucleic acid (definition)
complex macromolecule that stores cellular info in the form of a code
general name for small carbohydrate polymers
disaccharide
proteins do NOT provide ____
energy
fat main function
energy storage, insulation, protective coatings
lipid function
energy storage, insulation. protective coating
a special class of polypeptides (proteins):
enzymes
much of the body's metabolism involves breaking apart or ____
forming biomolecules
main of use of phospholipids in the body
forms cell membrane
examples of enzymes' functions
play a part in what food is stored and what energy is released or stored
a protein polymer is a(n) ____
polypeptide
general name for large carbohydrate polymers
polysaccharides
enzyme (definition)
proteins that speed up reactions
RNA
ribonucleic acid
rRNA
ribosomal-uses mRNA to assemble the amino acids in correct order
unsaturated fats
share a double bond with one of its neighbors.
carbon atoms can form ____, ____, and ____ bonds
single, double, triple
examples of polysaccharides and functions
starch (plants), glycogen, cellulose food storage gives plants structural support
make a sketch of condensation.
...
make a sketch of hydrolysis
...
how many different types of monomers are there that make up all of the proteins in the human body?
20
how many electrons are in carbon's outer energy level?
4
examples and their functions/origins (carbohydrates)
C6H2O6 glucose, fructose create energy for cells
a polymer is ____
a large molecule formed when many smaller molecules form together
metabolism
all of the chemical reactions that occur within an organism.
explain why phospholipid structure lends itself to its function
allows cell membrane to interact with perfect amount of water
a protein monomer is a(n) ____
ameno acid
carbohydrates: (definition and main function)
an organic compound composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, with a ratio of about 2 hydrogen to 1 oxygen for every carbon atom. store and release energy.
describe the process of hydrolysis in which polymers are broken apart into monomers
break water down.
rings
c-c-c l l c-c-c
straight chain
c-c-c-c
branch chain
c-c-c-c l c-c-c
why is carbon an excellent molecule on which to build larger molecules?
it can share with 4 other molecules
proteins (definition)
large, complex polymer composed of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur
phospholipids
lipids with a phosphate group attached. O - head is hydrophilic ( loves water ) < - tail is hydrophobic ( afraid of water )
a very large polymer is called a ____
macromolecule
RNA function
make protein
mRNA
messenger-brings info from DNA to cell's factory floor
the general term for small molecules that serve as the building blocks for larger molecules is called ____
monomer
the general name for carbohydrate monomers
monosachride
give 3 examples of polypeptides
muscle tissue immune system collagen (holds skin to muscle)
saturated fats
no double bond used
RNA location
nucleus
lipids definition
organic compounds that have a large proportion of CH bonds and less oxygen than carbohydrates. (fat/oil)
what bonds hold monomers together?
peptide bond
give protein's 2 main functions
structure-tissues and organisms carry out cell metabolism
examples of disaccharide molecules and their functions
sucrose (table sugar) lactose
DNA
the master copy of all organisms info code located in nucleus forms genetic cods that determines how an organism looks and acts
describe the process of condensation by which monomers are joined together to form polymers
the polymers smush together and water is taken out.
tRNA
transfer/supplier