Biomolecules

___ make up polymers. They are like building blocks.

Monomers

Monomers or building blocks of carbohydrates are ____.

Monosaccharides

Carbohydrates can be classified into 3 groups based on size. What are they?

Monosaccharides (1 sugar big such as glucose) Disaccharides (2 sugars big, such as sucrose) Polysaccharides (many sugars big, such as starch or cellulose)

The "meat" you eat (beef, chicken, ham, etc) is actually ___ and therefore, which type of biomolecule?

Muscle; Protein

Monomers or building blocks of nucleic acids are ____.

Nucleotides

This lipid has both a polar and non-polar region. It's non-polar regions face the aqueous cytoplasm and extracellular fluid making it an excellent boundary for the cell. This molecule is known as a(n) ___.

Phospholipid

Monomers join together to make up ___.

Polymers

The indicator used in these test tubes is Biuret solution. Which test tube below a positive test for protein?

The test tube on the far right (#4)

Carbohydrates that are sugars (monosaccharides and disaccharides) often end in the suffix.

-ose

1. Where in the cell is this molecule produced? 2. Where in the cell is this molecule converted to cellular energy or ATP?

1. Chloroplasts (plant cells) 2. Mitochondria (all cells)

How do you know the molecule on the right is DNA?

1. Double helix 2. Thymine is a nucleotide

1. Identify this molecule. 2. Where would you expect to find it?

1. Phospholipid 2. Cell membrane (or other membranes)

1. Identify 2. Where woud you expect to find this?

1. Phospholipid bilayer 2. Cell membrane

How do carbohydrates function?

1. Primary energy source (glucose) 2. Structure (cellulose) 3. Short-term storage (starch, glycogen)

1. What is the sugar in the molecule on the left? 2. What is the sugar in the molecule on the right?

1. Ribose 2. Deoxyribose

List 3 types of lipids.

1. Triglycerides (true fats) such as fats, oils, & waxes 2. Phospholipids 3. Steroids

1. What must be removed for two or monomers to join together to make a larger molecule (polymer)? 2. What is this called?

1. Water 2. Dehydration synthesis ("building larger by taking away water")

1. What must be added to a polymer to break it down into smaller pieces? 2. What is this called?

1. Water 2. Hydrolysis ("breaking by adding water"

What 3 parts or subunits make up a nucleotide?

5-Carbon sugar Phosphate Group Nitrogenous Base

Name the substance that works as a high energy molecule used for cellular work?

ATP

The molecule that is like a "charged" battery, capable of doing cell work is ___.

ATP

What nitrogenous bases would you expect to find in a nucleotide?

Adenine (DNA, RNA, & ATP) Guanine (DNA & RNA) Cytosine (DNA & RNA) Thymine (only DNA) Uracil (only RNA)

Identify this molecule

Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP)

Identify this molecule.

Amino Acid

Monomers or building blocks of proteins are ____.

Amino Acids

Proteins that are produced by white blood cells and circulate in your blood stream help to defend your body against foreign invaders. What type of biomolecule are antibodies?

Antibodies

How does this molecule function in cells?

Basic energy or fuel source (This molecule is converted to ATP so the cell can do work)

Which of these 2 molecules tends to be liquid at room temperature like a vegetable oil?

Bottom one - unsaturated fatty acid (*Note - double bonds between some of the carbon atoms)

Which group of biomolecules have this structure?

Carbohydrates

What are the 4 classes or groups of biomolecules?

Carbohydrates Lipids Proteins Nucleic Acids

Which nucleic acid functions as the Genetic Code?

DNA

Which nucleic acid functions as the instructions for synthesizing proteins?

DNA

The molecules surrounded by blue circles are removed when this lipid is formed. The process is called_________ ____________.

Dehydration synthesis

What 5-carbon sugars would you expect to find in a nucleotide?

Deoxyribose (in DNA) OR Ribose (in RNA and ATP)

Monomers or building blocks of lipids are ____.

Fatty Acids and Glycerol

Identify this molecule. What class of biomolecules does it belong?

Glucose Carbohydrate (simple sugar or monosaccharide)

This type of biomolecule is nonpolar; it does not dissolve in water.

Lipid

Identify this molecule.

Lipid (triglyceride= glycerol +fatty acids)

Long-term, back-up energy storage and insulation are the functions of which biomolecule?

Lipids

If you put many of these molecules together (by removing water), what larger molecule will they form?

Protein

Which group of biomolecules function in building tissues, structure maintenance, and repair?

Proteins

Which group of biomolecules includes enzymes?

Proteins

Which molecule is RNA?

The one on the left (single sided)

Iodine is an indicator for starch which is a polysaccharide or complex carbohydrate. Which test tube has starch in it?

The test tube on the left; Iodine turns from amber to blue-black in the presence of starch

Identify these 2 molecules

Top = Saturated Fatty Acid Bottom = Unsaturated Fatty Acid

Which nucleic acid transcribes DNA's message and carries it out of the nucleus?

messenger RNA

These 3 molecules make up a(n) ___ which is a monomer of ___.

nucleotide nucleic acid

Which nucleic acid translates DNA's message into an amino acid sequence resulting in a protein?

transfer RNA