Bioscience Week 1 The Healthy Body
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......... involving at least three components that work together. The first component, the receptor, is a sensor that monitors the environment and responds to changes by signaling (providing input to) the control center.
Organ
A structure that is composed of two or more tissue types that work together to perform specific functions for the body
Correct sequence
Atoms Molecules Cells Tissues Organs
The dorsal body cavity is the site of which of the following?
Brain
Level of structural organisation
Chemical level Cellular Level Tissue Level Organ Level Organ System Organismal Level
Endocrine
Controls the body with chemical molecules called hormones
Cardiovascular
Delivers oxygen and nutrients to the tissues
Muscular
Directly causes mechanical motion
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Distal means farther from the origin of a body part or the point of attachment of a limb to the body trunk. In this case, because the thigh is closer to the body trunk than the knee, the knee is distal (not proximal) to the thigh.
The regional term used to identify the thigh is ________.
Femoral refers to the thigh. The thigh bone is called the femur.
What is a vertical section through the body, dividing it into anterior and posterior regions called?
Frontal
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Homeostasis refers to maintenance of relatively stable internal conditions even though the outside world changes continuously. Receptors monitor changes occurring both inside and outside the body and send this information (called input) to control centers for processing.
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In anatomical position, the hand is distal to the shoulder. This means that the hand is further from the trunk of the body compared to the shoulder.
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In the anatomical position, the body is erect with feet slightly apart and arms at the sides. This position is easy to remember because it resembles "standing at attention," except that the palms face forward and the thumbs point away from the body.
In which quadrant of the abdominopelvic cavity is the stomach located?
Left upper quadrant
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Most homeostatic control mechanisms are negative feedback mechanisms. In these systems, the effect opposes (counteracts) the original stimulus or reduces its intensity.
Which organ systems function as control systems, communicating with other cells/organs to regulated their activities.
Nervous and endocrine systems
Immune
Produces antibodies that attach to foreign substances
Integumentary
Protects underlying organs from environmental damage and synthesis vitamin D
Skeletal
Provides support and levers for muscles to pull
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Proximal means closer to the origin of the body part or the point of attachment of a limb to the body trunk.
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Regardless of the factor or event being regulated-the variable-all homeostatic control mechanisms are processes.......
Lymphatic
Removes and filters excess fluid from tissues
Nervous
Responds to environmental changes by transmitting electrical impulses
Negative Feedback System
Reverse change in a controlled condition Example Blood pressure
What is a vertical section through the body, dividing it into left and right, called?
Sagittal
Which of the following is the proper description of the human body in the anatomical position?
The body is erect with feet slightly apart, and palms face forward with thumbs pointing away from the body.
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The control center compares the input to the set point, which is the level or range at which a variable is to be maintained, and signals the appropriate effector(s). The effector produces the effect (change) that counteracts the initial problem (stimulus).
Which of the following is true of negative feedback mechanisms?
The effect opposes the original stimulus or reduces its intensity.
Which of the following represents the correct order in which the components interact in a homeostatic control system?
The receptor, control centre, and effector
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The skin covers the outside of the body, thus, it is superficial, or external, to the skeletal muscles.
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The slippery serous fluid allows the organs to slide without friction across the cavity walls and one another as they carry out their routine functions. This freedom of movement is especially important for mobile organs, such as the pumping heart and the churning stomach.
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The thoracic cavity contains the pericardial and pleural cavities, which in turn house the heart and lungs, respectively.
Which specific body cavity houses the heart and lungs?
Thoracic
A tissue consists of groups of similar cells that have a common function
True
Homeostasis is the condition in which the body maintains ________.
a relatively stable internal environment, within limits
Sagittal
a section divides the body into left and right parts
Oblique
a section is cut made diagonally between the horizontal and the vertical planes.
Which of the following describes a parasagittal plane?
any sagittal plane except in the midline
mesentery
consists of two layers of peritoneum fused together; connects the visceral peritoneum of some abdominopelvic organs to the parietal peritoneum
Oblique
cut diagonally between vertical and horizontal planes
The hand is ________ to the shoulder.
distal
mediastinum
divides the thoracic cavity into left and right parts
pelvic cavity
encased by pelvic bones; contains the urinary bladder, part of the large intestine and the internal reproductive organs
abdominal cavity
enclosed primarily by abdominal muscles; contains the stomach, intestines, liver, spleen, pancreas and kidneys
Example of Positive Feedback Mechanism
enhance of labor contractions
Receptor
in homeostatic control mechanism, the component that monitors the environment.
abdominopelvic cavity
inclusive name for the abdominal and pelvic cavities
The sagittal plane
is a vertical plane that divides the body into right and left parts.
Gross anatomy
is the study of large body structures, visible to the naked eye such as the heart
The function of serious fluid
it enables organs, such as the heart and the stomach, to slide across cavity walls and each other without friction.
The heart
lies in the pericardial cavity
The parietal pleura would represent a serous membrane ________.
lining the thoracic cavity
parietal serous membrane
membrane attached to the cavity wall
visceral serous membrane
membrane covering the organ
Positive Feedback System
operates similarly to a negative feedback system, except that the response strengthens or reinforces the change in one of the body's controlled conditions rather than reversing it. example Normal child birth
retroparietal organs
organs closely attached to the abdominopelvic wall by the parietal peritoneum; includes the kidneys, adrenal glands, pancreas, parts of the intestines and the urinary bladder
In which body cavities are the lungs located?
pleural, ventral, and thoracic
One of the functional characteristics of life is excitability or responsiveness.
sensing changes in the environment and then reacting or responding to them
visceral peritoneum
serous membrane covering many of the abdominal organs
visceral pericardium
serous membrane covering the heart
parietal pericardium
serous membrane lining the connective tissue sac containing the heart
parietal pleura
serous membrane lining the inner surface of the thoracic wall, the lateral surfaces of the mediastinum and the superior surface of the diphragm
visceral pleura
serous membrane that lines each lung
parietal peritoneum
serous membrane that lines the wall of the abdominopelvic cavity and the inferior surface of the diaphragm
peritoneal cavity
serous membrane-lined cavity contained in the abdominopelvic cavity
pleural cavity
serous membrane-lined cavity surrounding each lung
paricardial cavity
serous membrane-lined cavity surrounding the heart
Which directional term is used to describe the relationship of the skin relative to the skeletal muscles?
superficial
thoracic cavity
surrounded by rib cage; separated from abdominal cavity by diaphragm
The ventral cavity includes....
the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities
Which of these is not part of the dorsal cavity?
thoracic cavity
What is the main, general purpose of negative feedback
to maintain homeostasis