BJU US History 4th Edition Chapter 11
prayer meeting revival
aka 3rd great awakening. climax of american religious life, just before civil war. nearly one million people converted.
benjamin west
america's first great painter. born in america but studied and later lived in Europe
American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions
americas first foreign mission board. a congregationalist organization. established by samuel mills.
pony express
an attempt to improve communication but was short-lived
charles bulfinch
architect who drew architectural designs for free to encourage people to build in the Federalist style. worked on US Capitol
benjamine Latrobe
architect, leader of greek revival. worked with bulfinch on US Capitol
romanticism
art movement that rejected the balanced unemotionalism of the federalist and neoclassical styles. emphasized the emotional, colorful, and the imaginative
hudson river school
art school for painters. specialized in landscapes
federalist style
art style that was duplicate of neoclassical style in Europe. emphasized balance, emotional restraint, and a respect for artistic styles of Ancient Greece and rome
Charles Finney
as the first wave of revivals began to subside, this man tried to perpetuate the revivals with innovative methods. not necessarily born-again. new measures
brigham young
assumed leadership of the mormons when smith was killed
Edgar Allan Poe
author who delved deeper into the dark, tortured depths of man's soul. "the Tell-Tale Heart" "The Raven" master short-story writer before civil war.
prohibition
banning of alcohol
adoniram judson
baptist missionary who went to India Asia Burma. funded by ABCFM. Went with Luther Rice
Eli whitney
best known for his invention of the cotton gin, but more important was his work with interchangeable parts. provided 10,000 rifles to US government
john deere
blacksmith from vermont who perfected the plow
robert owen
british utopian reformer who purchased Harmonie from the Rapines in 1825. They were basically communist
william h mcguffey
christian who supported the public education movement. in a series of elementary reading books he taught rules for living and grammar. 120 million copies of Eclectic readers was sold
Henry David Thoreau
essayist. "walden" celebrated the glory and nobility of man
Harmony society
established a society based on the idea of mutual helpfulness and support, they practiced celibacy so they died out
james fenimore cooper
first american writer to gain fame outside of america. novelist. "last of the mohicans"
Methodists
followed the teachings of minister John Wesley
richard allen
former slave who God used as an instrument in reaching blacks.
frederick douglass
former slave who was one of the most brilliant eloquent and radical abolitionist. "slaveholders not only forfeit their right to liberty but to life itself"
joseph smith
founded mormonism and claimed to have a vision from an angel
mary baker eddy
founder of christian science. wrote a book which was kinda a cook book
dewitt clinton
governor of New York who urged to build a canal from albany to lake erie
timothy dwight
grandson of jonathan edwards. president of yale. confronted the problem of a rebellious student body
harriet tubman
helped with underground railroad
plank roads
highways that consist of a series of boards laid side by side
lowell mason
hymn writer who published several popular hymnbook and composed "nearer, my god, to thee" and "my faith looks up to thee"
noah webster
important christian figure in early american education. more than 100 million copies of his American Spelling Book were sold
cyrus mccormick
invented a reaping machine, a horse-drawn device that allowed one man to cut and stack ten to twelve acres of grain in a single day
robert fulton
invented the steamboat
samuel f b morse
inventor of the telegraph
circuit riding
land was divided into sections and then one minister who travel on horseback from settlement to settlement within his section
transcendentalism
liberal unbiblical philosophy arising from unitarianism. brook farm. communal living based on the idea that man could transcend feelings by coming into harmony with his inner being
erie canal
linked Albany to a lake, it cost 6 million to build but paid for itself in less than 10 years
cane ridge
located in kentucky. site of the most significant camp meeting. 10,000-25,000 people.
samuel slater
man who memorized the construction of the textile machines in England and replicated it in Rhode Island
national road
most important early american road also known as the Cumberland road
greek revival
movement led by architects such as bullfinch and latrobe. re-created the columns and portraits of ancient greek and roman buildings
new measures
new and unusual method for conducting revivals. combined eastern(order) and western(aggressive sermons and extended meetings)
the liberator
newspaper started by garrison attacking the moral evil of slavery
horace mann
one of ht leading reformers in the drive for public education
unitarianism
one of the most prestigious unorthodox religions. denies the trinity. Jesus was a good religious teacher but nothing more.
gilbert stuart
one of west's students. one of the nation's finest portrait painters. several of george washington including his unfinished portrait of him featured on dollar bill
Samuel Colt
patented and manufactured "six-shooter" pistol with revolving cylinder which became the standard sidearm of the US army
utopian reformers
people who sought to establish small, perfect communities that would serve as models for the reform of society at large
Walt Whitman
poet "leaves of grass" celebrated the glory and nobility of man
john trumbull
possibly the greatest of the federalist artists. specialized in realistic historical paintings. battle of bunkers hill and signing of the declaration of independence
dorothea dix
quiet schoolteacher and writer who was a major reformer in mental health and asylums
sylvester graham
reformer in vegetarian diet. set up special food stores
toll roads/turnpikes
roads built by private companies
corduroy roads
roads made of logs
ralph waldo emerson
romanticist writer whose central belief was the goodness of man and the glory of nature. "nature" "self-reliance" he both got support and critics
seneca falls convention
the birth of the modern women's rights movement
camp meeting
the chief feature of western revivals. a series of religious services lasting several days and often held outdoors
penny newspaper
the daily paper (in contrast to more expensive weekly ones.) It was an important means of making information widely available and more affordable
baltimore & ohio railroad
the first economically successful railroad in America.
patent
the government passed this law in 1790 which protected an inventors work so that no one else could copy it
William lloyd garrison
the most important and most militant abolitionist leader
mormonism
their leader "had a vision" and wrote an extra book which takes precedence over God's word. salvation based on words
millerites
unorthodox religion, set a date for christ's return. March 21 1843-march 21 1844.
shakers
unorthodox religion. they danced and stuff during worship. practiced celibacy so they died off.
washington irving
writer who helped develop the greatest american contribution to world literature, the short story. "knickerbocker's history of new york" "the legend of sleepy hollow" and "rip van winkle"
george caleb bingham
"thorough democrat" he drew portraits of the common man in every day life
4 results of Awakening
1. multiplied thousands of people were converted 2. growth of foreign missions 3. moral sins declined 4. new methods of evangelism were formed
Stephen Foster
Americas most important composer of this period. "oh susanna" "my old kentucky home" "camp town races"
Francis Asbury
Father of American Methodism. worked for years to establish methodist congregations and developed "circuit riding"
Abolitionism
Movement to eliminate slavery
Nathaniel Hawthorne
Romantic who attacked the idea of man's inherent goodness. "The Scarlet Letter"
clipper ship
a fancy slender ship that became the fastest sailing ship ever built. set record of 436 miles in a single day
the second great awakening
a great revival that was longer and more complex than the first
christian science
a group which denied the trinity, the inspiration of scripture, miracles, and atonement. neither christian nor science.
cotton gin
a machine containing a series of metal teeth mounted on rollers that separated cotton from the seeds
deism
a religion that believed that God created the world then left it alone.
nat turner
a slave and radical preacher who led a slave rebellion in southampton county virginia. 60 whites and 100+ blacks died.