Blood

neutrophil

"bacteria slayer" 3-5 lobed nucleus, light pink/purple granules, most numerous WBC in normal patient

erythrocytes

"fancy" term for RBCs, heavy, make up 45% of blood, carry oxygen, anucleate (no nucleus)

leukocyte

"fancy" term for WBC, bodies defense

buffy coat

"layer" of centrifuged blood that is <1% of total volume, and contains WBCs and platelets

What percent of body weight does blood make up?

8%

Plasma is made of what percent water?

90%

Which blood type contains the A antigen only

A

A person with type B blood can receive blood from blood type(s)

B, O

Platelet

Cell fragment

Type of cell produced in response to Erthropoietin?

Erythrocyte

Type of cell that is shaped like a biconcave disc?

Erythrocyte

Components of Blood

Formed elements-collective name for the platelets, rbc, and wbc in the blood. And Plasma

Hereditary bleeding disorders that result from lack of clotting factors are referred to as

Hemophilia

Granulocytes and Agranulocytes are classified as types of these cells?

Leukocyte

basophil

MANY dark purple granules that contain histamine and play a major role in the inflammatory response, the rarest "normal" WBC you would find

The most numerous of the WBCs are?

Neutrophils

Plasma includes which dissolved substances?

Nutrients, salts, respiratory gases, hormones, plasma proteins, waste products

The most common type of blood in the US population

O

Cell fragments that form from the rupture of a megakaryocyte?

Platelet

Type of cell fragment involved in hemostasis?

Platelet

If you carry the Rh antigen, you are referred to as Rh

Positive

granulocyte

a WBC that contains cytoplasmic granules. Examples: neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils

agranulocyte

a WBC that does NOT contain granules in their cytoplasm Examples include: monocytes and lymphocytes

White blood cells differ from red blood cells because only they contain

a nucleus and most organelles

What is the process whereby the binding of antibodies to antigens causes RBCs to clump

agglutination

When antibodies bind to antigens on foreign blood types, clumping or what occurs

agglutination

A substance that stimulates the immune system to release antibodies is the

antigen

Substances that the body recognizes as foreign

antigens

anemia

any blood abnormality resulting in low oxygen carrying capacity (RBCs)

Which type of granulocyte releases histamine at sites of inflammation

basophils

iron

co factor required for hemoglobin to be able to transport oxygen. one of the leading causing of anemia in the world

Which type of leukocyte kills parasitic worms by deluging them with digestive enzymes

eosinophil

Which formed element is the most abundant in blood?

erythrocyte

What hormone controls the rate of erythrocyte production

erythropoietin

eosinophil

fights parasitic infection, helps with allergies, bilobed nucleus with bright pink/red granules

erythropoeisis

formation of RBCs

hematopoiesis

general term for formation of all blood cells

White blood cells containing granules and lobed nuclei are classified as

granulocytes

The two major groups of WBC are

granulocytes and agranulocytes

the percentage of erythrocytes in the blood is known as the

hematocrit

What stem cell gives rise to all formed elements?

hemocytoblast

What is necessary for the transport of oxygen by an erythrocyte?

hemoglobin

What part of red blood cell binds and transports oxygen

hemoglobin

blood clotting disorder

hemophilia

Process by which bleeding is stopped

hemostasis

Erythropoietin (EPO)

hormone released by the kidneys in response to hypoxia, increases erythropoiesis

Erythrocytes

lack a nucleus and most organelles, such as mitochondria

monocytes

largest WBC, called a macrophage when in tissue, has a large U shaped nuclei and a lot of light pink/purple cytoplasm, major phagocytic cell

The buffy coat contains

leukocytes and platelets

100-120 days

lifespan of a typical RBC

bone marrow

location of all hematopoiesis

plasma

makes up about 55% of whole blood, carriers proteins, hormones, electrolytes, and water

Platelets are fragments of a multinucleate cell known as

megakaryocyte

What multi nucleate cell gives rise to thousands of anucleate fragments known as platelets?

megakaryocyte

List the cells classified as granulocytes

neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils

Blood transports

nutrients, wastes, hormones, body heat, Oxygen

Liver

organ responsible for making many plasma proteins, and clotting factors

deoxyhemoglobin

oxygen poor hemoglobin without full load of oxygen, looks dull red or purple

oxyhemoglobin

oxygen rich hemoglobin with oxygen bound to it, looks bright red

hematocrit

percent of blood volume that is RBCs (normal range including both sexes is about 42-50%)

The matrix of blood

plasma

Hemoglobin

protein in RBCs that consist of 4 globins, each with 1 heme, and 1 iron molecule, each one can hold up to 4 molecules of oxygen gas

Where does hematopoiesis occur to produce new red blood cells?

red bone marrow

biconcave disc

special shape of RBCs that give them increased surface area

Characteristics of blood

sticky, heavier than water, metallic, salty taste, temp higher than body temp (b/c of friction)

Blood pH

7.35-7.45

Average functional lifespan of RBC

100-120 days

lymphocyte

2nd most numerous WBC, helps fight viral infection and is a MAJOR player in the immune response. Has a large central nucleus, and scant dark blue cytoplasm

Severe shock that can be fatal occurs with blood loss exceeding.

30 percent

Albumin

60% of the protein in your blood is this, major "carrier," helps buffer blood, and maintains osmotic pressure

Which blood type is referred to as the "universal recipient" since it can receive blood types A, B, AB, and O?

AB

Sickle cell anemia

Abnormally shaped hemoglobin. The result is RBCs that form crescent shapes.

Plasma is made up of what?

Albumin, Clotting proteins, Antibodies

Major functions of blood

distribution, regulation, protection