Blood
neutrophil
"bacteria slayer" 3-5 lobed nucleus, light pink/purple granules, most numerous WBC in normal patient
erythrocytes
"fancy" term for RBCs, heavy, make up 45% of blood, carry oxygen, anucleate (no nucleus)
leukocyte
"fancy" term for WBC, bodies defense
buffy coat
"layer" of centrifuged blood that is <1% of total volume, and contains WBCs and platelets
What percent of body weight does blood make up?
8%
Plasma is made of what percent water?
90%
Which blood type contains the A antigen only
A
A person with type B blood can receive blood from blood type(s)
B, O
Platelet
Cell fragment
Type of cell produced in response to Erthropoietin?
Erythrocyte
Type of cell that is shaped like a biconcave disc?
Erythrocyte
Components of Blood
Formed elements-collective name for the platelets, rbc, and wbc in the blood. And Plasma
Hereditary bleeding disorders that result from lack of clotting factors are referred to as
Hemophilia
Granulocytes and Agranulocytes are classified as types of these cells?
Leukocyte
basophil
MANY dark purple granules that contain histamine and play a major role in the inflammatory response, the rarest "normal" WBC you would find
The most numerous of the WBCs are?
Neutrophils
Plasma includes which dissolved substances?
Nutrients, salts, respiratory gases, hormones, plasma proteins, waste products
The most common type of blood in the US population
O
Cell fragments that form from the rupture of a megakaryocyte?
Platelet
Type of cell fragment involved in hemostasis?
Platelet
If you carry the Rh antigen, you are referred to as Rh
Positive
granulocyte
a WBC that contains cytoplasmic granules. Examples: neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils
agranulocyte
a WBC that does NOT contain granules in their cytoplasm Examples include: monocytes and lymphocytes
White blood cells differ from red blood cells because only they contain
a nucleus and most organelles
What is the process whereby the binding of antibodies to antigens causes RBCs to clump
agglutination
When antibodies bind to antigens on foreign blood types, clumping or what occurs
agglutination
A substance that stimulates the immune system to release antibodies is the
antigen
Substances that the body recognizes as foreign
antigens
anemia
any blood abnormality resulting in low oxygen carrying capacity (RBCs)
Which type of granulocyte releases histamine at sites of inflammation
basophils
iron
co factor required for hemoglobin to be able to transport oxygen. one of the leading causing of anemia in the world
Which type of leukocyte kills parasitic worms by deluging them with digestive enzymes
eosinophil
Which formed element is the most abundant in blood?
erythrocyte
What hormone controls the rate of erythrocyte production
erythropoietin
eosinophil
fights parasitic infection, helps with allergies, bilobed nucleus with bright pink/red granules
erythropoeisis
formation of RBCs
hematopoiesis
general term for formation of all blood cells
White blood cells containing granules and lobed nuclei are classified as
granulocytes
The two major groups of WBC are
granulocytes and agranulocytes
the percentage of erythrocytes in the blood is known as the
hematocrit
What stem cell gives rise to all formed elements?
hemocytoblast
What is necessary for the transport of oxygen by an erythrocyte?
hemoglobin
What part of red blood cell binds and transports oxygen
hemoglobin
blood clotting disorder
hemophilia
Process by which bleeding is stopped
hemostasis
Erythropoietin (EPO)
hormone released by the kidneys in response to hypoxia, increases erythropoiesis
Erythrocytes
lack a nucleus and most organelles, such as mitochondria
monocytes
largest WBC, called a macrophage when in tissue, has a large U shaped nuclei and a lot of light pink/purple cytoplasm, major phagocytic cell
The buffy coat contains
leukocytes and platelets
100-120 days
lifespan of a typical RBC
bone marrow
location of all hematopoiesis
plasma
makes up about 55% of whole blood, carriers proteins, hormones, electrolytes, and water
Platelets are fragments of a multinucleate cell known as
megakaryocyte
What multi nucleate cell gives rise to thousands of anucleate fragments known as platelets?
megakaryocyte
List the cells classified as granulocytes
neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils
Blood transports
nutrients, wastes, hormones, body heat, Oxygen
Liver
organ responsible for making many plasma proteins, and clotting factors
deoxyhemoglobin
oxygen poor hemoglobin without full load of oxygen, looks dull red or purple
oxyhemoglobin
oxygen rich hemoglobin with oxygen bound to it, looks bright red
hematocrit
percent of blood volume that is RBCs (normal range including both sexes is about 42-50%)
The matrix of blood
plasma
Hemoglobin
protein in RBCs that consist of 4 globins, each with 1 heme, and 1 iron molecule, each one can hold up to 4 molecules of oxygen gas
Where does hematopoiesis occur to produce new red blood cells?
red bone marrow
biconcave disc
special shape of RBCs that give them increased surface area
Characteristics of blood
sticky, heavier than water, metallic, salty taste, temp higher than body temp (b/c of friction)
Blood pH
7.35-7.45
Average functional lifespan of RBC
100-120 days
lymphocyte
2nd most numerous WBC, helps fight viral infection and is a MAJOR player in the immune response. Has a large central nucleus, and scant dark blue cytoplasm
Severe shock that can be fatal occurs with blood loss exceeding.
30 percent
Albumin
60% of the protein in your blood is this, major "carrier," helps buffer blood, and maintains osmotic pressure
Which blood type is referred to as the "universal recipient" since it can receive blood types A, B, AB, and O?
AB
Sickle cell anemia
Abnormally shaped hemoglobin. The result is RBCs that form crescent shapes.
Plasma is made up of what?
Albumin, Clotting proteins, Antibodies
Major functions of blood
distribution, regulation, protection
