Blood

Which of the blood samples tested could donate to a person with type A+ blood?

samples 1 and 4

What would happen if Type A blood were transfused into the bloodstream of someone with Type B blood?

The anti-A antibodies from the recipient would cause the agglutination of the type A blood.

What will happen if an adult patient with type A blood is given a transfusion with type AB blood?

The anti-B agglutinins in the patient's blood plasma will attack the healthy AB blood cells by binding to the B agglutinogens.

Match each cell type with its function & description.

Erythrocyte: carries oxygen, bound to hemoglobin, to deliver to the tissues. This is an anucleate cell type. Platelet: important in the process of blood clotting. Generated from the megakaryocyte. Neutrophil: short-lived, phagocytic cell that is quick to respond to pathogen infection. Most abundant of the leukocytes. Lymphocyte: used in the immune response, as either B- or T-cells. Monocyte: wandering blood cell. Largest of the leukocytes. Eosinophil: phagocytic cell that engulfs antibody-covered pathogens; an acidic granulocyte with bi-lobed nucleus. Basophil: releases histamine and heparin. Least abundant leukocyte.

As you saw in the video, ABO blood group is based on the presence or absence of specific glycoproteins called antigens on the surface of red blood cells. Label the red blood cells with the correct antigen(s).

The presence or absence of A and/or B surface antigens determines ABO blood type.

Which of the following terms can be used interchangeably? -antigen and antibody -antigen and agglutinogen -agglutinogen and agglutinin -antigen and agglutinin

antigen and agglutinogen

How is the expression of surface antigens on red blood cells determined?

genetics

What specifically determines a person's ABO blood group?

the presence or absence of A or B agglutinogens in the blood cell plasma membrane

A person with type AB blood has _______.

A and B antigens and neither anti-A nor anti-B antibodies.

Blood type A- would give which of the following results?

agglutination with anti-A antibodies

Which blood sample contained the universal recipient?

sample 5 (AB+)

Transfusion reactions occur between mismatched blood types. Match the recipient ABO and Rh blood groups with their compatible donors.

AB+: donor blood types A+, A-, B+, B-, AB+, AB-, O+, and O- AB-: donor blood types A-, B-, AB-, and O- A+: donor blood types A+, A-, O+, and O- A-: donor blood types A-, O- B+: donor blood types B+, B-, O+, and O- O-: donor blood types O- O+: donor blood types O+, O- B-: donor blood types B-, O-

Match each term or structure listed with its correct description.

Erythrocyte: red blood cell. Polymorphonuclear cell: neutrophil. Granular leukocyte: contains cytoplasmic granules. Leukocyte: white blood cell. Antibody: reacts with a membrane molecule. Type A blood: has A antigens and anti-B antibodies. Rh-positive blood: has Rh antigen. Red-orange-stained blood cell: eosinophil. Type B blood: has B antigens and anti-A antibodies. Rh-negative blood: lacks Rh antigen. Antigen: molecule on erythrocyte surface. Hemoglobin: carries blood gases in RBCs.

A hematocrit test measures the volume of packed formed elements (mainly RBCs) in a given volume of blood. The results provide information regarding the oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood. A low hematocrit is indicative of anemia. There are various causes for anemia, such as hemorrhage, poor nutrition, high altitude, and kidney disease. What would happen to the hematocrit value in an individual with a chronic kidney disease?

Hypoxia leads to increasing the RBC numbers.

A person with A+ blood has _______. -Rh antigen on the surface of the red blood cells -anti-B antibodies -the A antigen on the surface of the red blood cells -all of the above

all of the above

In the case of severe blood loss in a patient with an unknown blood type, which of the following would be the best treatment to restore the patient's blood volume and oxygen carrying capacity?

an immediate transfusion of type O blood

Like the ABO blood group, the Rh blood group is important in determining blood transfusion compatibility. Which of the following statements is true regarding the Rh blood group? -Individuals with Rh- blood type have Rh (D) antigens on the surface of their red blood cells. -Individuals with Rh+ blood type have the corresponding anti-Rh (D) antibodies in their plasma. -Anti-Rh (D) antibodies are only found in Rh- individuals who have been exposed to Rh+ blood. -Rh+ blood can be safely transfused into individuals with Rh- blood with no adverse reactions

Anti-Rh (D) antibodies are only found in Rh- individuals who have been exposed to Rh+ blood.

Rh is another surface antigen found on the RBCs. The presence of the Rh antigen on the RBC is designated as Rh+. Therefore, an individual with blood type A+ has both A and Rh antigens on the RBC surface. Unlike the ABO group, Anti-D (anti-Rh) are not present in the blood and only formed once exposed to it. This can be a major problem in pregnant women with the mother being Rh- and carrying an Rh+ fetus. A woman with Rh- blood is pregnant for the second time. Her first baby's blood type is A+. Predict what would be the probable outcome of her pregnancy.

Baby's RBCs will be lysed by the maternal anti-Rh and leads to fetus's death.

Blood is over 50%% plasma, and the rest is formed elements. Plasma is mostly water containing electrolytes, proteins, and waste products. The RBCs make up most of the formed elements. WBCs make up the rest and are involved in the body's defense processes. Match the terms with the correct description.

Most abundant WBC Neutrophils The only non-nucleated cell in the body Erythrocytes Cell fragments that initiate clotting Platelets Most abundant blood cell Erythrocytes Most abundant protein in blood Albumin Percent ratio of plasma to formed elements 55/45 Volume of blood in a 70 kg adult male 5.6 liters Process of blood cell formation Erythropoiesis Site of blood cell formation Red bone marrow Cells responsible for histamine release Basophils

Antibodies are proteins that have a lock-and-key recognition for their antigen established by the antigen-binding site on the antibody. Match the antibodies in the left column to the appropriate blanks in the sentences on the right.

People who have the A antigen on the surface of their red blood cells have anti-B antibodies in their plasma. People who have the B antigen on the surface of their red blood cells have anti-A antibodies in their plasma. People who have both A and B antigens on the surface of their red blood cells have neither anti-A nor anti-B antibodies in their plasma. People who have neither A nor B antigens on the surface of their red blood cells have anti-A and anti-B antibodies in their plasma.

With respect to ABO and Rh blood groups, there are __________ different blood types.

eight

A person with type O blood has _______.

neither A nor B agglutinogens (antigens)

A newborn with type A blood would have which agglutinins present in the plasma immediately after birth?

neither anti-A nor anti-B agglutinins Newborns lack any agglutinins (antibodies) for the first few months after birth.