Bloodborne Pathogens Studyguide

Body fluids that are important potential sources of HIV, HBV and HCV infection

Blood, body fluids containing blood, semen

CDC

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

between 5% and 20% of those exposed to HCV

Develop cirrhosis or liver cancer

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

Equipment that workers wear as a barrier against transmission of infectious pathogens. Includes protective gloves, gowns, masks, goggles, face shields, and resuscitation equipment.

20% of those infected with HCV:

Fight off the virus successfully

the viruses that attack the liver:

HBV and HCV

bloodborne pathogens examples

HBV, HCV, HIV, Malaria, Brucellosis, Syphilis, and West Nile virus

According to the CDC, ________ is the most common chronic bloodborne infection in the U.S.

HCV

the most common bloodborne infection in the US is

HCV

The main bloodborne infection of concern is _______________________.

HIV, HBV and HCV

The CDC recommends _____________ if you may potentially come into contact with blood or other potentially infectious materials on the job.

Hepatitis B vaccination

According to some studies, nearly half of all accidental needle sticks were caused by _____________________.

IV needles

the HIV retrovirus is particularly deadly because

It attacks the body's immune system

OSHA published the revised standard in the Federal Register in

January 2001. (effective in April, 2001)

All employees who could be _________ to face contact with blood or OPIM as the result of performing their assigned job duties are covered by the _____

"reasonably anticipated", Bloodborne Pathogen Standards.

One millimeter of blood can contain over _________ infectious doses of HBV.

100,000,000

According to the CDC __________ Americans have died from AIDS, and over _________ Americans are infected with HIV.

100,000; 1 million

When did widespread concern about bloodborne infections transform healthcare practices?

1980's

About ___ healthcare workers die from HBV each year.

200

The Bloodborne Pathogen standard is located in Title __ of the Code and Federal Regulations

29

approximately _______ Americans die as a result of HBV infection every year.

5,000

________ of the individuals infected with HCV show no discemable symptoms.

60-70%

About __ cases of HIV infection due to occupational exposure occur each year

65

OSHA estimates that _____ workers in the health care industry and related occupations are at risk of occupational exposure to bloodborne pathogens including _____

8 million; HIV, HBV, and HCV

About ______ healthcare workers are infected with HBV each year

8,700

HIV

A virus that attacks and destroys the human immune system. the virus that causes AIDS

Waste that is wet or dripping, or that oozes fluids when pressure is applied, is called ______________________.

regulated waste

The biohazard label is used for ______________________.

regulated waste and lab specimens

To prevent accidental contamination of your face when removing protective masks and eyewear, this step comes first.

remove gloves

what are the modes of transmission of HIV outside the workplace

sexual contact, drug users sharing needles, infected mother to unborn baby

the current infection control guidelines from the CDC are called

standard precautions

Protective eyewear should be handled by ___________________.

the arms

vaccine and treatment for HBV

there is both vaccine and treatment

Gloves should be changed under all off the following conditions

they become ineffective due to sweat, before removing masks and eyewear, they have become torn

When handling linens, the following are true

they could conceal hidden sharps, they could conceal hidden areas of contamination, they should be handled as little as possible.

Items such as food and drink should NEVER be stored along with lab materials or in other locations where potentially infectious materials are present:

true

all bodily fluids should be treated as potentially dangerous

true

fluid from around an unborn baby could be a source of bloodborne infection. T or F

true

General purpose utility gloves are __________________.

used for cleaning

The CDC estimate that 80% of needlestick injuries could be reduced by __________________.

using safer needle devices

hepatitis b virus

virus that causes inflammation of the liver; transmitted through any body fluid, including vaginal secretions, semen, and blood

body fluids that are not expected to be infectious sources of bloodborne pathogens unless they are visibly contaminated with blood

vomit, urine, sputum, tears, sweat, feces, nasal secretions

After a puncture wound or broken skin or mucous membrane contact with blood or other potentially infectious fluids, the first step is to __________________.

wash the exposed area immediately

In 2000 the Needle stick Safety and Prevention Act (PL, 106-430) mandated that

OSHA clarify and revise the Bloodborne Pathogens Standard to address the implementation of safer needle devices.

OSHA published the ___ on ______

Occupational Exposure to Bloodborne Pathogens Standard on December 6th, 1991.

OSHA stands for

Occupational Safety and Health Administration

hepatitis c virus

Produces a mild disease initially, but most individuals develop chronic hepatitis that can lead to chronic liver disease

a retrovirus is one that

Uses RNA to create DNA

OSHA's Bloodborne Pathogens is a

federal OSHA standard that prescribes safeguards to protect workers against the health hazards from exposure to blood and other potentially infectious materials, and to reduce their risk from this exposure.

symptoms caused by aids

frequent diarrhea, fatigue, long-lasting fever, confusion, memory loss, depression, motor dysfunction

The primary and most commonly used barrier against bloodborne pathogens are ___________.

gloves

Personal protective equipment includes all of the following

gloves, gowns and eye wear

The PPE that is used when there is a risk of splashes of potentially infectious materials is _______________________.

gown

bloodborne pathogens can be transmitted when

infectious blood of OPIM is introduced into the bloodstream of a person

Sterile latex gloves are usually used for ______________.

invasive procedures

Purpose of the Occupational Exposure to Bloodborne Pathogens Standard

is to protect workers by limiting occupational exposure to blood and other potentially infectious materials.

the body's immune response to HBV causes damage to the

liver

bloodborne pathogens are

microorganisms such as viruses or bacteria that are present in human blood and that can cause disease in humans

bloodborne pathogens are:

microorganisms such as viruses or bacteria that are present in human blood that can cause disease in humans

in addition to human blood, bloodborne pathogens can also be found in

other potential infectious materials (OPIM)

Examples of professions at risk

physicians, nurses, housekeeping personnel, laundry workers, teachers, firefighters, paramedics, medical waste handlers, etc...

The fundamental concept of both Standard Precautions and Universal Precautions is

placing a barrier between yourself and the patient

treat all bodily fluids as

potentially dangerous

If you are exposed, you are entitled to ________________________free of charge.

evaluation by a doctor, free of charge; confidential medical counseling; blood test

What is the CDC

The U.S. agency that tracks the spread of diseases. It developed the original Universal Precautions recommendations for controlling HBV and HIV in the workplace. It is a part of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.

modes of transmission

The ways that infections are spread from one person to another

contact with bloodborne pathogens through invisible cuts associated with ______ can lead to infection

a rash or dry skin condition

AIDS

acquired immune deficiency syndrome. disorder caused when HIV damages the immune system, leaving the person open to kinds of infections that other people rarely get or fight off easily.

In the most recent CDC recommendations, the preferred agent for routine hand hygiene is __________________________.

alcohol-based hand rub

The Universal Precautions are based on the idea that....

all patients must be treated as possible carriers of bloodborne pathogens

When decontaminating a spill, apply a germicide or bleach mixed with water until the surface is glistening wet. Keep it moist for 5-10 minutes then....

allow the surface to air dry completely

Hands should be washed with ordinary soap and water in each of the following situations

at the start of a shift, when hands are visibly soiled, when there is build up of alcohol product

If part of a piece of equipment cannot be decontaminated, __________.

attach a warning label to the part

OPIM examples (because of their potential to be contaminated with blood)

blood products (plasma or serum), saliva (in dental procedures), semen, vaginal secretions, skin tissue and/or cell cultures, and any other bodily fluid that is visibly contaminated with blood.

Accidental exposure applies to

blood, body fluids, mucus membranes

Exposure

contact with blood, bodily fluids, or tissue in a way that could allow HIV, HBV, or HCV to get into the body.

bloodborne pathogens can occur through infected blood being introduced through:

cuts in the skin, contact with mucus membranes found in the eye, nose or mouth, and contaminated sharps/needle injuries