Bloodborne Pathogens Studyguide
Body fluids that are important potential sources of HIV, HBV and HCV infection
Blood, body fluids containing blood, semen
CDC
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
between 5% and 20% of those exposed to HCV
Develop cirrhosis or liver cancer
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
Equipment that workers wear as a barrier against transmission of infectious pathogens. Includes protective gloves, gowns, masks, goggles, face shields, and resuscitation equipment.
20% of those infected with HCV:
Fight off the virus successfully
the viruses that attack the liver:
HBV and HCV
bloodborne pathogens examples
HBV, HCV, HIV, Malaria, Brucellosis, Syphilis, and West Nile virus
According to the CDC, ________ is the most common chronic bloodborne infection in the U.S.
HCV
the most common bloodborne infection in the US is
HCV
The main bloodborne infection of concern is _______________________.
HIV, HBV and HCV
The CDC recommends _____________ if you may potentially come into contact with blood or other potentially infectious materials on the job.
Hepatitis B vaccination
According to some studies, nearly half of all accidental needle sticks were caused by _____________________.
IV needles
the HIV retrovirus is particularly deadly because
It attacks the body's immune system
OSHA published the revised standard in the Federal Register in
January 2001. (effective in April, 2001)
All employees who could be _________ to face contact with blood or OPIM as the result of performing their assigned job duties are covered by the _____
"reasonably anticipated", Bloodborne Pathogen Standards.
One millimeter of blood can contain over _________ infectious doses of HBV.
100,000,000
According to the CDC __________ Americans have died from AIDS, and over _________ Americans are infected with HIV.
100,000; 1 million
When did widespread concern about bloodborne infections transform healthcare practices?
1980's
About ___ healthcare workers die from HBV each year.
200
The Bloodborne Pathogen standard is located in Title __ of the Code and Federal Regulations
29
approximately _______ Americans die as a result of HBV infection every year.
5,000
________ of the individuals infected with HCV show no discemable symptoms.
60-70%
About __ cases of HIV infection due to occupational exposure occur each year
65
OSHA estimates that _____ workers in the health care industry and related occupations are at risk of occupational exposure to bloodborne pathogens including _____
8 million; HIV, HBV, and HCV
About ______ healthcare workers are infected with HBV each year
8,700
HIV
A virus that attacks and destroys the human immune system. the virus that causes AIDS
Waste that is wet or dripping, or that oozes fluids when pressure is applied, is called ______________________.
regulated waste
The biohazard label is used for ______________________.
regulated waste and lab specimens
To prevent accidental contamination of your face when removing protective masks and eyewear, this step comes first.
remove gloves
what are the modes of transmission of HIV outside the workplace
sexual contact, drug users sharing needles, infected mother to unborn baby
the current infection control guidelines from the CDC are called
standard precautions
Protective eyewear should be handled by ___________________.
the arms
vaccine and treatment for HBV
there is both vaccine and treatment
Gloves should be changed under all off the following conditions
they become ineffective due to sweat, before removing masks and eyewear, they have become torn
When handling linens, the following are true
they could conceal hidden sharps, they could conceal hidden areas of contamination, they should be handled as little as possible.
Items such as food and drink should NEVER be stored along with lab materials or in other locations where potentially infectious materials are present:
true
all bodily fluids should be treated as potentially dangerous
true
fluid from around an unborn baby could be a source of bloodborne infection. T or F
true
General purpose utility gloves are __________________.
used for cleaning
The CDC estimate that 80% of needlestick injuries could be reduced by __________________.
using safer needle devices
hepatitis b virus
virus that causes inflammation of the liver; transmitted through any body fluid, including vaginal secretions, semen, and blood
body fluids that are not expected to be infectious sources of bloodborne pathogens unless they are visibly contaminated with blood
vomit, urine, sputum, tears, sweat, feces, nasal secretions
After a puncture wound or broken skin or mucous membrane contact with blood or other potentially infectious fluids, the first step is to __________________.
wash the exposed area immediately
In 2000 the Needle stick Safety and Prevention Act (PL, 106-430) mandated that
OSHA clarify and revise the Bloodborne Pathogens Standard to address the implementation of safer needle devices.
OSHA published the ___ on ______
Occupational Exposure to Bloodborne Pathogens Standard on December 6th, 1991.
OSHA stands for
Occupational Safety and Health Administration
hepatitis c virus
Produces a mild disease initially, but most individuals develop chronic hepatitis that can lead to chronic liver disease
a retrovirus is one that
Uses RNA to create DNA
OSHA's Bloodborne Pathogens is a
federal OSHA standard that prescribes safeguards to protect workers against the health hazards from exposure to blood and other potentially infectious materials, and to reduce their risk from this exposure.
symptoms caused by aids
frequent diarrhea, fatigue, long-lasting fever, confusion, memory loss, depression, motor dysfunction
The primary and most commonly used barrier against bloodborne pathogens are ___________.
gloves
Personal protective equipment includes all of the following
gloves, gowns and eye wear
The PPE that is used when there is a risk of splashes of potentially infectious materials is _______________________.
gown
bloodborne pathogens can be transmitted when
infectious blood of OPIM is introduced into the bloodstream of a person
Sterile latex gloves are usually used for ______________.
invasive procedures
Purpose of the Occupational Exposure to Bloodborne Pathogens Standard
is to protect workers by limiting occupational exposure to blood and other potentially infectious materials.
the body's immune response to HBV causes damage to the
liver
bloodborne pathogens are
microorganisms such as viruses or bacteria that are present in human blood and that can cause disease in humans
bloodborne pathogens are:
microorganisms such as viruses or bacteria that are present in human blood that can cause disease in humans
in addition to human blood, bloodborne pathogens can also be found in
other potential infectious materials (OPIM)
Examples of professions at risk
physicians, nurses, housekeeping personnel, laundry workers, teachers, firefighters, paramedics, medical waste handlers, etc...
The fundamental concept of both Standard Precautions and Universal Precautions is
placing a barrier between yourself and the patient
treat all bodily fluids as
potentially dangerous
If you are exposed, you are entitled to ________________________free of charge.
evaluation by a doctor, free of charge; confidential medical counseling; blood test
What is the CDC
The U.S. agency that tracks the spread of diseases. It developed the original Universal Precautions recommendations for controlling HBV and HIV in the workplace. It is a part of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.
modes of transmission
The ways that infections are spread from one person to another
contact with bloodborne pathogens through invisible cuts associated with ______ can lead to infection
a rash or dry skin condition
AIDS
acquired immune deficiency syndrome. disorder caused when HIV damages the immune system, leaving the person open to kinds of infections that other people rarely get or fight off easily.
In the most recent CDC recommendations, the preferred agent for routine hand hygiene is __________________________.
alcohol-based hand rub
The Universal Precautions are based on the idea that....
all patients must be treated as possible carriers of bloodborne pathogens
When decontaminating a spill, apply a germicide or bleach mixed with water until the surface is glistening wet. Keep it moist for 5-10 minutes then....
allow the surface to air dry completely
Hands should be washed with ordinary soap and water in each of the following situations
at the start of a shift, when hands are visibly soiled, when there is build up of alcohol product
If part of a piece of equipment cannot be decontaminated, __________.
attach a warning label to the part
OPIM examples (because of their potential to be contaminated with blood)
blood products (plasma or serum), saliva (in dental procedures), semen, vaginal secretions, skin tissue and/or cell cultures, and any other bodily fluid that is visibly contaminated with blood.
Accidental exposure applies to
blood, body fluids, mucus membranes
Exposure
contact with blood, bodily fluids, or tissue in a way that could allow HIV, HBV, or HCV to get into the body.
bloodborne pathogens can occur through infected blood being introduced through:
cuts in the skin, contact with mucus membranes found in the eye, nose or mouth, and contaminated sharps/needle injuries