BMD 251 Exam 1 Guide

Electrons bear a positive charge equal in strength to the negative charge of the proton.

False

Primary active transport is driven by secondary active transport.

False

Something with a pH of 5 would __________.

have more H+ ions than OH- ions

Which of the following represents the sum total of all structural levels working together to keep us alive?

organismal level

The ____ region of the body indicates the posterior knee.

popliteal

Which of the following is NOT a way to distinguish an acid from a base?

An acidic substance will have a sticky feel.

Ch. 2 Which of the following is a property of matter?

Matter can exist in solid, liquid, or gaseous state.

Which of the following best defines potential energy?

Potential energy is stored energy that has the capacity to do work but is not presently doing so.

Embryology is a subdivision of developmental anatomy that deals with developmental changes that occur before birth.

True

Enzymes are unchanged in a reaction; they can be reused, and are NOT needed in large quantities.

True

It is possible for slight anatomical variations to occur in a human body; for example, a nerve or blood vessel may be somewhat out of place, or a small muscle may be missing.

True

Metabolism includes all three of the following: (1) breaking down substances into their simpler building blocks, (2) synthesizing more complex cellular structures from simpler substances, and (3) using nutrients and oxygen to produce ATP.

True

The atomic number of any atom is equal to the number of protons in its nucleus.

True

The knee is distal to the thigh.

True

The major function of RNA is to carry out the genetic instructions for protein synthesis.

True

Water can pass via osmosis through the lipid bilayer.

True

Ch.3 The basic structural and functional unit of living organisms is the __________.

cell

Exam Review Qs The principle of ___closely ties a body part's anatomy to a specific function.

complementary of structure and function

Lysosomes

contains digestive enzymes

Which of the following is the most distal region of the upper extremity?

digital

saggital plane

divides the body into a right and left side

In the case study from lab, what value(s) were abnormal for Brittany leading the doctor to order IV fluids to treat her condition?

electrolyte levels

Pinocytosis is a type of __________.

endocytosis

The __ abdominopelvic region is directly superior to the umbilical region

epigastric

Which of the following pairs is a correct match?

exocytosis: active membrane transport process

The difference between simple diffusion and facilitated diffusion is that _____.

facilitated diffusion requires protein channels or carriers

Endoplasmic Reticulum

fold, package, and modify proteins

coronal plane

front and back

What type of cut would separate the brain into anterior and posterior parts?

frontal section (coronal)

Which of the following would NOT diffuse through the plasma membrane by means of simple diffusion?

glucose

Osmosis requires several components and conditions. Which is NOT required?

ATP

Which of the following is the primary energy-transferring molecule in cells?

ATP

Desmosomes

Anchoring junctions that prevent cells from being pulled apart

Which of the following is true of atoms?

Atoms of any given element will differ from those of all other elements and provide its unique physical and chemical properties.

Which of the following is FALSE regarding DNA?

DNA carries out the orders for protein synthesis issued by RNA.

During transcription, __________.

DNA is used as a template to make RNA

In the case study from lab, what had Brittany ingested that caused her medical condition?

Ecstasy

A coronal section creates a superior and an inferior section.

False

At rest, the plasma membranes of most body cells are NOT polarized.

False

Polar molecules are electrically balanced as a result of the equal sharing of electrons between the atoms of the molecules.

False

The frontal (coronal) plane divides the body into superior and inferior parts.

False

Drinking alcohol makes the blood hypertonic. Which option best describes the consequences of this hypertonic blood?

Hypertonic blood draws water out of the interstitial fluid, which makes the interstitial fluid hypertonic. This, in turn, draws water out of the cells.

Which of the following is true of an isotope?

Isotopes have the same number of protons but differ in the number of neutrons they contain.

Ribosomes

Makes proteins

Nucleolus

Makes ribosomes

Which of the following would NOT be found in the plasma membrane of a human cell?

RNA

DNA is replicated during the __________ phase of the cell cycle.

S

Which of the following statements is correct?

The breastbone is anterior (ventral) to the spine.

Which of the following statements is correct?

The chin is superior (cranial) to the navel.

Which of the following statements is correct?

The heart is dorsal to the sternum.

h20 is a polar molecule. Oxygen is electronegative and Hydrogen is electropositive. This means __.

The oxygen pulls electrons away from hydrogen and becomes more negative

Which of the following is true of positive feedback mechanisms?

The result or response enhances the original stimulus, and the response is accelerated.

All organic molecules contain carbon.

True

Colloids (emulsions) are heterogeneous mixtures.

True

Your patient has the flu and reports 5 to 6 loose stools a day. He has experienced an isotonic fluid volume loss. What does "isotonic fluid loss" mean?

Water and electrolytes are lost in equal proportions.

Which of the following does NOT represent an accurate hierarchy in the natural combination of matter?

When two or more similar kinds of atoms bind, they form an isotope.

Which of the following is an example of a positive feedback mechanism?

blood clotting

Crenation (shrinking) is likely to occur in blood cells immersed in ________.

a hypertonic solution

A gene is best defined as __________.

a segment of DNA that carries instructions for the production of one polypeptide chain

Which of the following best describes a sagittal plane?

a vertical plane that divides the body into right and left parts

Another term for the anterior elbow is the ____ region.

antecubital

The ____ region can be seen in this MRI image just inferior to the white perpendicular lines. It is more commonly called the armpit area.

axillary

Why are directional terms so important?

because they allow us to explain where one body structure is in relation to another

If the pH or temperature of the environment that contains a protein is altered dramatically, then the protein may __________.

become denatured

In the case study from lab, who brought Brittany to the hospital?

her friends

Which of the following processes requires a receptor, a control center, and an effector?

homeostatic control mechanism

Which of the following solutions contains the most solute?

hypertonic

A cell will swell, and likely burst, if it is placed in __________ solution.

hypotonic

A(n) _____ solution will cause cellular swelling or lysis.

hypotonic

gap junction

important for cell communication

Ribosomes are found __________.

in the cytosol and on the rough endoplasmic reticulum

The human body as a whole is enclosed and protected by the integumentary system. This is an example of a necessary life function. Select the correct function from the list.

maintaining boundaries

The hypogastric (or pubic) region is ______ to the right inguinal (or iliac) region.

medial

The primary site of cellular ATP production in most cells is the __________.

mitochondrion

Passive membrane transport processes include ________.

movement of a substance down its concentration gradient

Peroxisomes

neutralize dangerous free radicals

The outer boundary of a human cell is the __________.

plasma membrane

Which of the following is NOT one of the four basic elements that compose approximately 96% of a human's body weight?

potassium

tight junctions

prevent molecules from passing through the extracellular space between adjacent cells

Cells of the body mainly use __________ for the selective endocytosis of most macromolecules.

receptor-mediated endocytosis

Which of the following cuts could cross the umbilical, pelvic, and nasal regions?

sagittal section

Small nonpolar molecules use _______ to cross the plasma membrane.

simple diffusion

Buffers __________.

stabilize pH

The skin is ____ to the skeletal muscles.

superficial

Cytoskeleton

support cellular structures

A red blood cell placed in pure water would ________.

swell and burst

Which of the following types of chemical reactions always involves atoms or molecules combining to form a larger, more complex molecule?

synthesis

Which of the following refers to a major body division that includes the limbs?

the appendicular part

Osmosis is __________.

the diffusion of water across a membrane

The most important determination of an atoms bonding behavior is __

the number of valence shell electrons

Blood flows in one direction through the heart because the heart has valves that prevent backflow. This phenomenon exemplifies __________.

the principle of complementarity of structure and function

Ch. 1 Which of the following best defines physiology?

the study of how the body parts work and carry out their life-sustaining activities

Which of the following best describes gross, or macroscopic, anatomy?

the study of large body structures visible to the naked eye, such as the heart, lungs, and kidneys

The ventral body cavity is subdivided into which of the following sets of cavities?

the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities

the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities

the ventral body cavity

In an ionic bond, __________

there is a transfer of one or more electrons from one atom to the other

The __ is proximal to the knee

thigh

The stomach is located in the ___ quadrant of the abdominopelvic cavity.

upper left quad

In biochemistry, and thus in the body, the universal solvent is __________.

water

Which of the following polar molecules is capable of BOTH simple diffusion and facilitated diffusion across the plasma membrane?

water