BME 111 Final Study Guide
Which of the following provides active immunity that is artificially acquired? A) Antivenom B) Vaccines C) Antitoxin D) Serum
Vaccines
Which of the following would decrease the amount of water lost by the body? A) Sweating B) Diarrhea C) Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) D) Hemorrhage E) Hyperventilation
antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
At what point in life does a female begin her monthly ovarian cycle? A) At middle age B) At menopause C) At birth D) At puberty
at puberty
As blood pH rises, the kidneys will ________. A) secrete bicarbonate ions into the urine and reabsorb carbonic acid into the blood B) secrete bicarbonate ions into the urine and reabsorb hydrogen ions into the blood C) secrete hydrogen ions into the urine and reabsorb bicarbonate ions into the blood D) secrete urea, uric acid, and creatinine from the filtrate into the urine
secrete hydrogen ions into the urine and reabsorb bicarbonate ions into the blood
Which glands produce a thick, yellowish secretion that nourishes and activates sperm? A) Prostate B) Ejaculatory duct C) Bulbourethral glands D) Seminal vesicles
seminal vesicles
Which of the following is not a function of the mucosa lining the nasal conchae and nasal cavity? A) Serve as a partition between the oral and nasal cavities B) Trap incoming bacteria and debris and prevent it from reaching the lungs C) Moisten air as it flows into the nasal cavity D) Warm incoming air as it flows into the nasal cavity
serve as a partition between the oral and nasal cavities
The primitive stem cell of spermatogenesis, which is found on the periphery of eachseminiferous tubule, is called a ________ A) spermatid B) secondary spermatocyte C) sperm D) spermatogonium E) primary spermatocyte
spermatogonium
What does salivary amylase digest? A) Protein B) Starch C) Vitamins D) Minerals E) Fat
starch
The two intrinsic nerve plexuses serving the alimentary canal are the ________. A) submucosa and myenteric B) mucosa and submucosa C) solar and sympathetic D) autonomic and somatic
submucosa and myenteric
The major function of the respiratory system is to ________. A) transport escaped fluids back to the cardiovascular system B) circulate oxygen-rich blood around the body C) supply the body with oxygen and dispose of carbon dioxide D) transport oxygen and carbon dioxide to and from the lungs and tissue cells of the body E) perform a gas exchange between the blood and the cells of the body
supply the body with oxygen and dispose of carbon dioxide
The male gonads have both sperm-producing and testosterone-producing functions and arecalled ________. A) ovaries B) gametes C) sperm D) testes E) ovum
testes
Inflammation of the urethra is called ________. A) cystitis B) pyelonephritis C) glomerulonephritis D) urethritis
urethritis
A feeling that it is necessary to void, which is experienced more regularly in the elderly, isknown as ________. A) urethritis B) nocturia C) urgency D) frequency
urgency
The micturition reflex forces urine into the upper part of the ________. A) urethra B) rectum C) ureter D) kidney E) urinary bladder
urinary bladder
The highest concentration of urea should be found in the ________. A) extracellular fluid B) urine C) intracellular fluid D) blood E) lymph
urine
What do collecting ducts of the kidney transport? A) Blood B) Intracellular fluid C) Urine D) Blood cells E) Filtrate
urine
A fertilized egg, which represents the first cell of a new individual, is called a(n) ________. A) embryo B) zygote C) blastocyst D) fetus
zygote
When feces are forced into the rectum by mass movements and the wall of the rectum becomes stretched, the ________ reflex is initiated. A) enterogastric B) rooting C) sucking D) defecation
defecation
Which one of the following is not one of the secondary sex characteristics typical of males? A) Thickening of bones B) Development of breast tissue C) Enlargement of skeletal muscle mass D) Deepening voice E) Increased growth of body hair
development of breast tissue
Enzymes and bile are carried by the hepatopancreatic ampulla into the ________. A) jejunum B) large intestine C) ileocecal valve D) duodenum E) ileum
duodenum
The spongy tissue of the penis fills with blood during sexual excitement and causes the penis toenlarge and become rigid during ________. A) ejaculation B) circumcision C) parturition D) erection E) emission
erection
Filtrate formed during glomerular filtration is captured by the ________. A) renal column B) renal hilum C) glomerular (Bowman's) capsule D) renal pyramid
glomerular (Bowman's) capsule
Liam lost his first deciduous (baby) tooth-a lower front tooth. What type of tooth was it? A) Premolar (bicuspid) B) Wisdom tooth C) Canine (eyetooth) D) Molar E) Incisor
incisor
A urine pH of 4.6 can indicate ________. A) diabetes insipidus B) increased secretion of hydrogen ions in the urine C) incontinence D) nocturia E) increased secretion of bicarbonate ions in the urine
increased secretion of hydrogen ions in the urine
Which organ filters blood, regulates blood volume and chemical makeup? A) Liver B) Ureter C) Urethra D) Urinary bladder E) Kidney
kidney
What anchors the tongue to the floor of the mouth and limits its movements? A) Hard palate B) Vestibule C) Uvula D) Lingual frenulum
lingual frenulum
Bile is formed by the ________ and stored in the ________. A) gallbladder; liver B) spleen; liver C) pancreas; gallbladder D) liver; gallbladder
liver; gallbladder
What stimulates the release of renin from the juxtaglomerular (JG) apparatus? A) High blood pressure B) Low blood potassium levels C) High blood volume D) Low blood pressure E) High blood sodium levels
low blood pressure
Bacteria and tumor cells are removed from lymph by ________. A) lymph nodes B) tonsils C) the spleen D) thymus
lymph nodes
What mediates the adaptive defense system (specific defense system)? A) Lymphocytes B) Mucous membranes C) Antigens D) Pathogens
lymphocytes
From superior to inferior, the three regions of the pharynx are the ________. A) nasopharynx, laryngopharynx, oropharynx B) oropharynx, nasopharynx, laryngopharynx C) laryngopharynx, oropharynx, nasopharynx D) nasopharynx, oropharynx, laryngopharynx
nasopharynx, laryngopharynx, oropharynx
The correct pathway air flows through the respiratory system is ________. A) nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, main (primary) bronchi B) nose, larynx, pharynx, trachea, main (primary) bronchi C) nose, pharynx, larynx, main (primary) bronchi, trachea D) nose, pharynx, trachea, larynx, main (primary) bronchi E) nose, larynx, trachea, pharynx, main (primary) bronchi
nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, main (primary) bronchi
Celiac disease is an autoimmune disorder caused by sensitivity to gluten. When a person has thisdisease, the intestinal villi are shortened. The most likely symptom of this disease is decreased________. A) bile production B) nutrient absorption C) hydrochloric acid production D) blood pH E) defecation
nutrient absorption
The process of creating female gametes is called ________. A) spermiogenesis B) oogenesis C) spermatogenesis D) cleavage
oogenesis
Antibody binding that tags an antigen on a cellular target for phagocytosis is known as________. A) neutralization B) agglutination C) precipitation D) opsonization
opsonization
The area in the mouth contained by the teeth is known as ________. A) vestibule B) labia C) oral cavity proper D) lingual frenulum E) uvula
oral cavity proper
Oxygen is primarily transported in the blood as ________. A) carbonic acid B) bicarbonate ion C) oxyhemoglobin D) carbonic anhydrase E) deoxyhemoglobin
oxyhemoglobin
Enzymes that break down all food groups are made by the ________. A) pancreas B) spleen C) gallbladder D) salivary glands E) liver
pancreas
Antibodies provided by serum from an immune donor or an animal donor do not challenge theB cells and thus provide ________. A) passive immunity B) natural immunity C) cellular or cell-mediated immunity D) active immunity
passive immunity
Hydrochloric acid is necessary in the stomach for the conversion of pepsinogen into its active protein-digesting form called________. A) rennin B) peptidase C) pepsin D) amylase
pepsin
The passageway that connects the oral cavity to the esophagus is the
pharynx
Which two variables dictate the mechanics of breathing (pulmonary ventilation)? A) Pressure and volume B) Temperature and volume C) Pressure and temperature D) Diffusion and osmosis
pressure and volume
Starting from the glomerular (Bowman's) capsule, the correct order of the renal tubule regions is________. A) distal convoluted tubule, proximal convoluted tubule, nephron loop (loop of Henle) B) distal convoluted tubule, nephron loop (loop of Henle), proximal convoluted tubule C) nephron loop (loop of Henle), proximal convoluted tubule, distal convoluted tubule D) proximal convoluted tubule, distal convoluted tubule, nephron loop (loop of Henle) E) proximal convoluted tubule, nephron loop (loop of Henle), distal convoluted tubule
proximal convoluted tubule, nephron loop (loop of Henle), distal convoluted tubule
The triangular regions of the kidneys that are striped in appearance and separated by the renalcolumns are the ________. A) renal pelvis B) renal (medullary) pyramids C) calyces D) renal cortex E) renal fascia
renal (medullary) pyramids
What blood vessel carries blood from the aorta into the kidney? A) Glomerulus B) Renal artery C) Hepatic artery D) Renal vein
renal artery
What region of the kidney is deep to the renal cortex? A) Calyx B) Renal medulla C) Renal column D) Renal hilum E) Renal fascia
renal medulla
What is the most important trigger for aldosterone release? A) Blood buffers B) Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) C) Renin-angiotensin mechanism D) Thirst mechanism
renin-angiotensin mechanism
The enzyme responsible for converting milk protein in an infant's stomach to a substance thatlooks like sour milk is ________. A) rennin B) pancreatic amylase C) bile D) pepsin E) salivary amylase
rennin
In males, the urethra is part of both the urinary system and ________. A) digestive system B) reproductive system C) respiratory system D) endocrine system E) immune system
reproductive system
Which antibody-antigen interaction results when a foreign blood type is transfused andclumped? A) Agglutination B) Opsonization C) Neutralization D) Phagocytosis E) Precipitation
Agglutination
The process of breaking food particles down is referred to as ________. A) digestion B) defecation C) absorption D) ingestion
Digestion
When we swallow food or drink, what prevents the passage of these items into our larynx andlower respiratory passageways? A) Epiglottis B) Glottis C) Cilia D) Thyroid cartilage
Epiglottis
Which hormone promotes a small number of primary follicles within the ovary to grow andmature each month? A) Testosterone B) Estrogen C) Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) D) Luteinizing hormone (LH)
Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
What type of T cell releases cytokines to indirectly rid the body of antigens? A) Cytotoxic T cells B) Killer T cells C) Helper T cells D) Suppressor T cells E) Regulatory T cells
Helper T cells
Which of the following fluid compartments accounts for the majority of the water in the body? A) Intracellular fluid or ICF B) Extracellular fluid or ECF C) Lymph D) Plasma
Intracellular fluid or ICF
What part of the respiratory system routes air and food into their proper channels and plays arole in speech? A) Tongue B) Larynx C) Nasal conchae D) Pharynx
Larynx
What makes lymph capillaries different from blood capillaries? A) Lymph capillaries are characterized by the presence of flap-like mini valves. B) Lymph capillaries propel lymph by using a high-pressure pump. C) Lymph capillaries transport both blood and lymph. D) Lymph capillaries consistently operate under high pressure.
Lymph capillaries are characterized by the presence of flap-like mini valves.
From outermost to innermost, what are the three regions of the kidney? A) Renal pelvis, renal pyramids, renal columns B) Renal hilum, renal medulla, renal cortex C) Renal cortex, renal medulla, renal pelvis D) Renal medulla, renal cortex, renal hilum
Renal cortex, renal medulla, renal pelvis
Which zone includes the respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, alveolar sacs, and alveoli and iswhere gas exchange occurs? A) Conducting zone B) Filtering zone C) Respiratory zone D) Terminal zone
Respiratory zone
Which of the following is not a function of saliva? A) Antibodies present in saliva inhibit bacteria. B) The mucus in saliva helps bind food together in a bolus. C) Saliva dissolves food chemicals, so they can be tasted. D) Salivary amylase begins the emulsification of fats in the mouth.
Salivary amylase begins the emulsification of fats in the mouth.
Newer cancer drugs use antigen-presenting cells (APCs) to attract the attention of the immunesystem to target tumors for destruction. What type of cell would you rate as most important forthe APCs to activate in order for this new therapy to be successful? A) B cells B) Natural killer (NK) cells C) Memory cells D) T cells E) Neutrophils
T cells
What is the driving force for water intake? A) Metabolism B) The renin-angiotensin mechanism C) Glomerular filtration D) The thirst mechanism
The thirst mechanism
When we begin to feel the need to void, the urinary bladder contains around ________. A) 1,800 ml of urine B) 200 ml of urine C) 1,000 ml of urine D) 50 ml of urine E) 26,000 ml of urine
200 ml of urine
The amount of air exchanged during normal quiet breathing is about ________. A) 1,200 ml B) 500 ml C) 2,100 ml D) 6,000 ml E) 4,800 ml
500 ml
The entire process of spermatogenesis takes approximately ________. A) 1 year B) 120 days C) 64—72 days D) 25—50 days E) 15 years
64-72 days
What is the correct pathway that feces would travel through the colon? A) Ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon B) Transverse colon, ascending colon, sigmoid colon, descending colon C) Ascending colon, transverse colon, sigmoid colon, descending colon D) Ascending colon, sigmoid colon, transverse colon, descending colon E) Duodenum, jejunum, ileum
Ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon
In order to expire air, which of the following must occur? A) Intrapulmonary pressure drops lower than atmospheric pressure. B) Intrapulmonary volume decreases as the inspiratory muscles and diaphragm relax and return to their resting positions. C) Atmospheric pressure rises higher than intrapulmonary pressure. D) Intrapulmonary pressure and atmospheric pressure equalize.
Atmospheric pressure rises higher than intrapulmonary pressure
Which passageways branch off of the inferior end of the trachea? A) Alveolar sacs B) Bronchi C) Bronchioles D) Alveolar ducts
Bronchi
Which of the following is true of cystic fibrosis (CF)? A) Most cases of CF arise due to exposure to second-hand smoke. B) People with CF do not produce enough mucus and are at a higher risk for infections. C) CF is a genetic condition that is inheritable. D) The cells of the alveoli produce too much surfactant in cases of CF. E) Sneezing and sinusitis are common symptoms of CF.
CF is a genetic condition that is inheritable
What odorless, colorless gas binds preferentially with the same binding site on hemoglobin as oxygen? A) Carbon monoxide B) Nitrous oxide C) Methane D) Hydrogen sulfide
Carbon Monoxide
What sweeps contaminated mucus from the nasal cavity to the throat? A) Flagella B) Coarse hairs C) Tonsils D) Cilia E) Air turbulence
Cilia
What type of cell specializes in killing virus-infected, cancer, or foreign graft cells directly? A) Cytotoxic T cells B) Antigen-presenting cells C) Helper T cells D) Regulatory T cells
Cytotoxic T cells
When we exercise, carbon dioxide levels increase in our blood, which leads to a decrease inblood pH. How will the respiratory system respond to restore carbon dioxide and blood pHlevels to normal? A) Hypoventilation B) Apnea C) Hyperventilation D) Dyspnea
Hyperventilation
Which portion of the small intestine joins the large intestine at the ileocecal valve? A) Cecum B) Ileum C) Jejunum D) Duodenum
Ileum
Which of the following is the major stimulus for the thirst mechanism? A) Defecation B) Increased saliva production C) Hunger D) Decreased urination E) Increased solute content of blood plasma
Increased solute content of blood plasma
What is the first digestive process, which involves placing food in the mouth, to occur? A) Peristalsis B) Ingestion C) Segmentation D) Mastication
Ingestion
Which of the following collections of lymphatic tissue prevents large numbers of bacteria from entering the bloodstream in the distal (end) portion of the small intestine? A) Circular folds (plicae circulares) B) Microvilli C) Peyer's patches D) Villi
Peyer's patches
What do chief cells of the stomach produce? A) Hormones B) Protein-digesting enzymes C) Mucus D) Hydrochloric acid (HCl)
Protein-digesting enzymes
Which two hormones promote the release of bile and pancreatic juice into the small intestine? A) Secretin; cholecystokinin (CCK) B) Somatostatin; secretin C) Gastric inhibitory peptide (GIP); histamine D) Gastrin; histamine
Secretin; cholecystokinin (CCK)
Exchange of both oxygen and carbon dioxide through the respiratory membrane occurs by________. A) simple diffusion B) endocytosis C) osmosis D) active transport E) facilitated diffusion
Simple diffusion
What is the most common cause for lung cancer? A) Smoking B) Asthma C) Hereditary D) Diet E) Work environment
Smoking
Which nonrespiratory air movement clears the upper respiratory passageways? A) Coughing B) Sneezing C) Laughing D) Hiccupping E) Yawning
Sneezing
Damage to the larynx can cause an inability to ________. A) cough B) sneeze C) speak D) hiccup
Speak
________ volume is the air moved into and out of the lungs during normal quiet breathing andis approximately 500 ml of air. A) Expiratory reserve B) Inspiratory reserve C) Tidal D) Residua
Tidal
What role do the tonsils play in the respiratory system? A) Tonsils protect the body from infection. B) Tonsils sweep contaminated mucus toward the throat. C) Tonsils moisten the air entering the respiratory passageways. D) Tonsils humidify and warm incoming air. E) Tonsils produce mucus, which drains into the nasal cavities.
Tonsils protect the body from infection
Which organ or structure belongs to the lower respiratory tract? A) Pharynx B) Trachea C) Larynx D) Nose E) Nasal cavity
Trachea
What are the fingerlike projections of the small intestine that increase the absorptive surface area? A) Haustra B) Villi C) Rugae D) Cilia
Villi
Which of the following is not a cell that behaves as an antigen-presenting cell (APC)? A) Dendritic cells B) Macrophages C) Virus D) B lymphocytes
Virus
What nonrespiratory air movement is intended to ventilate all alveoli? A) Hiccup B) Cough C) Yawn D) Sneeze
Yawn
The helmet-like region of the sperm that is similar to a large lysosome and assists penetration ofthe egg is called the ________. A) acrosome B) flagellum C) spermatid D) midpiece
acrosome
A corpus luteum would be present ________. A) in the semen of a male B) after ovulation in a female C) only on the day of ovulation in a female D) prior to ovulation in a female
after ovulation in a female
What protects the stomach from being damaged by acid or enzymes? A) Hydrochloric acid B) Gastric juice C) Intrinsic factor D) Alkaline mucus E) Pepsin
alkaline mucus
Arterial blood pH above 7.45 is considered to be ________. A) acidosis B) alkalosis C) normal D) physiological acidosis
alkalosis
What do the ducts that join at the hepatopancreatic ampulla deliver to the duodenum of thesmall intestine? A) Bile and pancreatic juices B) Cholecystokinin (CCK) and secretin C) Hydrochloric acid and intrinsic factor D) Oxygen-rich blood and nutrients E) Gastrin and histamine
bile and pancreatic juices
Filtrate contains everything in blood plasma except for ________. A) solutes B) water C) blood proteins D) electrolytes
blood proteins
Which of the following is NOT typically found in filtrate? A) Blood proteins B) Amino acids C) Water D) Ions E) Glucose
blood proteins
Which of the following can be caused by human papillomavirus (HPV), a sexually transmitted disease? A) Syphyllis B) Cervical cancer C) Gonorrhea D) Squamous cell carcinoma
cervical cancer
What is the early stage of embryonic development during which rapid mitotic cell divisionsoccur as the zygote travels down the uterine (fallopian) tube? A) Implantation B) The acrosomal reaction C) Cleavage D) Fertilization
cleavage
Which of the following substances is normally found in urine? A) Blood proteins B) White blood cells C) Red blood cells D) Creatinine E) Hemoglobin
creatinine
Which tube brings bile directly back into the gallbladder for storage? A) Common hepatic duct B) Cystic duct C) Common bile duct D) Accessory pancreatic duct E) Main pancreatic duct
cystic duct
