BME 111 Final Study Guide

Which of the following provides active immunity that is artificially acquired? A) Antivenom B) Vaccines C) Antitoxin D) Serum

Vaccines

Which of the following would decrease the amount of water lost by the body? A) Sweating B) Diarrhea C) Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) D) Hemorrhage E) Hyperventilation

antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

At what point in life does a female begin her monthly ovarian cycle? A) At middle age B) At menopause C) At birth D) At puberty

at puberty

As blood pH rises, the kidneys will ________. A) secrete bicarbonate ions into the urine and reabsorb carbonic acid into the blood B) secrete bicarbonate ions into the urine and reabsorb hydrogen ions into the blood C) secrete hydrogen ions into the urine and reabsorb bicarbonate ions into the blood D) secrete urea, uric acid, and creatinine from the filtrate into the urine

secrete hydrogen ions into the urine and reabsorb bicarbonate ions into the blood

Which glands produce a thick, yellowish secretion that nourishes and activates sperm? A) Prostate B) Ejaculatory duct C) Bulbourethral glands D) Seminal vesicles

seminal vesicles

Which of the following is not a function of the mucosa lining the nasal conchae and nasal cavity? A) Serve as a partition between the oral and nasal cavities B) Trap incoming bacteria and debris and prevent it from reaching the lungs C) Moisten air as it flows into the nasal cavity D) Warm incoming air as it flows into the nasal cavity

serve as a partition between the oral and nasal cavities

The primitive stem cell of spermatogenesis, which is found on the periphery of eachseminiferous tubule, is called a ________ A) spermatid B) secondary spermatocyte C) sperm D) spermatogonium E) primary spermatocyte

spermatogonium

What does salivary amylase digest? A) Protein B) Starch C) Vitamins D) Minerals E) Fat

starch

The two intrinsic nerve plexuses serving the alimentary canal are the ________. A) submucosa and myenteric B) mucosa and submucosa C) solar and sympathetic D) autonomic and somatic

submucosa and myenteric

The major function of the respiratory system is to ________. A) transport escaped fluids back to the cardiovascular system B) circulate oxygen-rich blood around the body C) supply the body with oxygen and dispose of carbon dioxide D) transport oxygen and carbon dioxide to and from the lungs and tissue cells of the body E) perform a gas exchange between the blood and the cells of the body

supply the body with oxygen and dispose of carbon dioxide

The male gonads have both sperm-producing and testosterone-producing functions and arecalled ________. A) ovaries B) gametes C) sperm D) testes E) ovum

testes

Inflammation of the urethra is called ________. A) cystitis B) pyelonephritis C) glomerulonephritis D) urethritis

urethritis

A feeling that it is necessary to void, which is experienced more regularly in the elderly, isknown as ________. A) urethritis B) nocturia C) urgency D) frequency

urgency

The micturition reflex forces urine into the upper part of the ________. A) urethra B) rectum C) ureter D) kidney E) urinary bladder

urinary bladder

The highest concentration of urea should be found in the ________. A) extracellular fluid B) urine C) intracellular fluid D) blood E) lymph

urine

What do collecting ducts of the kidney transport? A) Blood B) Intracellular fluid C) Urine D) Blood cells E) Filtrate

urine

A fertilized egg, which represents the first cell of a new individual, is called a(n) ________. A) embryo B) zygote C) blastocyst D) fetus

zygote

When feces are forced into the rectum by mass movements and the wall of the rectum becomes stretched, the ________ reflex is initiated. A) enterogastric B) rooting C) sucking D) defecation

defecation

Which one of the following is not one of the secondary sex characteristics typical of males? A) Thickening of bones B) Development of breast tissue C) Enlargement of skeletal muscle mass D) Deepening voice E) Increased growth of body hair

development of breast tissue

Enzymes and bile are carried by the hepatopancreatic ampulla into the ________. A) jejunum B) large intestine C) ileocecal valve D) duodenum E) ileum

duodenum

The spongy tissue of the penis fills with blood during sexual excitement and causes the penis toenlarge and become rigid during ________. A) ejaculation B) circumcision C) parturition D) erection E) emission

erection

Filtrate formed during glomerular filtration is captured by the ________. A) renal column B) renal hilum C) glomerular (Bowman's) capsule D) renal pyramid

glomerular (Bowman's) capsule

Liam lost his first deciduous (baby) tooth-a lower front tooth. What type of tooth was it? A) Premolar (bicuspid) B) Wisdom tooth C) Canine (eyetooth) D) Molar E) Incisor

incisor

A urine pH of 4.6 can indicate ________. A) diabetes insipidus B) increased secretion of hydrogen ions in the urine C) incontinence D) nocturia E) increased secretion of bicarbonate ions in the urine

increased secretion of hydrogen ions in the urine

Which organ filters blood, regulates blood volume and chemical makeup? A) Liver B) Ureter C) Urethra D) Urinary bladder E) Kidney

kidney

What anchors the tongue to the floor of the mouth and limits its movements? A) Hard palate B) Vestibule C) Uvula D) Lingual frenulum

lingual frenulum

Bile is formed by the ________ and stored in the ________. A) gallbladder; liver B) spleen; liver C) pancreas; gallbladder D) liver; gallbladder

liver; gallbladder

What stimulates the release of renin from the juxtaglomerular (JG) apparatus? A) High blood pressure B) Low blood potassium levels C) High blood volume D) Low blood pressure E) High blood sodium levels

low blood pressure

Bacteria and tumor cells are removed from lymph by ________. A) lymph nodes B) tonsils C) the spleen D) thymus

lymph nodes

What mediates the adaptive defense system (specific defense system)? A) Lymphocytes B) Mucous membranes C) Antigens D) Pathogens

lymphocytes

From superior to inferior, the three regions of the pharynx are the ________. A) nasopharynx, laryngopharynx, oropharynx B) oropharynx, nasopharynx, laryngopharynx C) laryngopharynx, oropharynx, nasopharynx D) nasopharynx, oropharynx, laryngopharynx

nasopharynx, laryngopharynx, oropharynx

The correct pathway air flows through the respiratory system is ________. A) nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, main (primary) bronchi B) nose, larynx, pharynx, trachea, main (primary) bronchi C) nose, pharynx, larynx, main (primary) bronchi, trachea D) nose, pharynx, trachea, larynx, main (primary) bronchi E) nose, larynx, trachea, pharynx, main (primary) bronchi

nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, main (primary) bronchi

Celiac disease is an autoimmune disorder caused by sensitivity to gluten. When a person has thisdisease, the intestinal villi are shortened. The most likely symptom of this disease is decreased________. A) bile production B) nutrient absorption C) hydrochloric acid production D) blood pH E) defecation

nutrient absorption

The process of creating female gametes is called ________. A) spermiogenesis B) oogenesis C) spermatogenesis D) cleavage

oogenesis

Antibody binding that tags an antigen on a cellular target for phagocytosis is known as________. A) neutralization B) agglutination C) precipitation D) opsonization

opsonization

The area in the mouth contained by the teeth is known as ________. A) vestibule B) labia C) oral cavity proper D) lingual frenulum E) uvula

oral cavity proper

Oxygen is primarily transported in the blood as ________. A) carbonic acid B) bicarbonate ion C) oxyhemoglobin D) carbonic anhydrase E) deoxyhemoglobin

oxyhemoglobin

Enzymes that break down all food groups are made by the ________. A) pancreas B) spleen C) gallbladder D) salivary glands E) liver

pancreas

Antibodies provided by serum from an immune donor or an animal donor do not challenge theB cells and thus provide ________. A) passive immunity B) natural immunity C) cellular or cell-mediated immunity D) active immunity

passive immunity

Hydrochloric acid is necessary in the stomach for the conversion of pepsinogen into its active protein-digesting form called________. A) rennin B) peptidase C) pepsin D) amylase

pepsin

The passageway that connects the oral cavity to the esophagus is the

pharynx

Which two variables dictate the mechanics of breathing (pulmonary ventilation)? A) Pressure and volume B) Temperature and volume C) Pressure and temperature D) Diffusion and osmosis

pressure and volume

Starting from the glomerular (Bowman's) capsule, the correct order of the renal tubule regions is________. A) distal convoluted tubule, proximal convoluted tubule, nephron loop (loop of Henle) B) distal convoluted tubule, nephron loop (loop of Henle), proximal convoluted tubule C) nephron loop (loop of Henle), proximal convoluted tubule, distal convoluted tubule D) proximal convoluted tubule, distal convoluted tubule, nephron loop (loop of Henle) E) proximal convoluted tubule, nephron loop (loop of Henle), distal convoluted tubule

proximal convoluted tubule, nephron loop (loop of Henle), distal convoluted tubule

The triangular regions of the kidneys that are striped in appearance and separated by the renalcolumns are the ________. A) renal pelvis B) renal (medullary) pyramids C) calyces D) renal cortex E) renal fascia

renal (medullary) pyramids

What blood vessel carries blood from the aorta into the kidney? A) Glomerulus B) Renal artery C) Hepatic artery D) Renal vein

renal artery

What region of the kidney is deep to the renal cortex? A) Calyx B) Renal medulla C) Renal column D) Renal hilum E) Renal fascia

renal medulla

What is the most important trigger for aldosterone release? A) Blood buffers B) Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) C) Renin-angiotensin mechanism D) Thirst mechanism

renin-angiotensin mechanism

The enzyme responsible for converting milk protein in an infant's stomach to a substance thatlooks like sour milk is ________. A) rennin B) pancreatic amylase C) bile D) pepsin E) salivary amylase

rennin

In males, the urethra is part of both the urinary system and ________. A) digestive system B) reproductive system C) respiratory system D) endocrine system E) immune system

reproductive system

Which antibody-antigen interaction results when a foreign blood type is transfused andclumped? A) Agglutination B) Opsonization C) Neutralization D) Phagocytosis E) Precipitation

Agglutination

The process of breaking food particles down is referred to as ________. A) digestion B) defecation C) absorption D) ingestion

Digestion

When we swallow food or drink, what prevents the passage of these items into our larynx andlower respiratory passageways? A) Epiglottis B) Glottis C) Cilia D) Thyroid cartilage

Epiglottis

Which hormone promotes a small number of primary follicles within the ovary to grow andmature each month? A) Testosterone B) Estrogen C) Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) D) Luteinizing hormone (LH)

Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

What type of T cell releases cytokines to indirectly rid the body of antigens? A) Cytotoxic T cells B) Killer T cells C) Helper T cells D) Suppressor T cells E) Regulatory T cells

Helper T cells

Which of the following fluid compartments accounts for the majority of the water in the body? A) Intracellular fluid or ICF B) Extracellular fluid or ECF C) Lymph D) Plasma

Intracellular fluid or ICF

What part of the respiratory system routes air and food into their proper channels and plays arole in speech? A) Tongue B) Larynx C) Nasal conchae D) Pharynx

Larynx

What makes lymph capillaries different from blood capillaries? A) Lymph capillaries are characterized by the presence of flap-like mini valves. B) Lymph capillaries propel lymph by using a high-pressure pump. C) Lymph capillaries transport both blood and lymph. D) Lymph capillaries consistently operate under high pressure.

Lymph capillaries are characterized by the presence of flap-like mini valves.

From outermost to innermost, what are the three regions of the kidney? A) Renal pelvis, renal pyramids, renal columns B) Renal hilum, renal medulla, renal cortex C) Renal cortex, renal medulla, renal pelvis D) Renal medulla, renal cortex, renal hilum

Renal cortex, renal medulla, renal pelvis

Which zone includes the respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, alveolar sacs, and alveoli and iswhere gas exchange occurs? A) Conducting zone B) Filtering zone C) Respiratory zone D) Terminal zone

Respiratory zone

Which of the following is not a function of saliva? A) Antibodies present in saliva inhibit bacteria. B) The mucus in saliva helps bind food together in a bolus. C) Saliva dissolves food chemicals, so they can be tasted. D) Salivary amylase begins the emulsification of fats in the mouth.

Salivary amylase begins the emulsification of fats in the mouth.

Newer cancer drugs use antigen-presenting cells (APCs) to attract the attention of the immunesystem to target tumors for destruction. What type of cell would you rate as most important forthe APCs to activate in order for this new therapy to be successful? A) B cells B) Natural killer (NK) cells C) Memory cells D) T cells E) Neutrophils

T cells

What is the driving force for water intake? A) Metabolism B) The renin-angiotensin mechanism C) Glomerular filtration D) The thirst mechanism

The thirst mechanism

When we begin to feel the need to void, the urinary bladder contains around ________. A) 1,800 ml of urine B) 200 ml of urine C) 1,000 ml of urine D) 50 ml of urine E) 26,000 ml of urine

200 ml of urine

The amount of air exchanged during normal quiet breathing is about ________. A) 1,200 ml B) 500 ml C) 2,100 ml D) 6,000 ml E) 4,800 ml

500 ml

The entire process of spermatogenesis takes approximately ________. A) 1 year B) 120 days C) 64—72 days D) 25—50 days E) 15 years

64-72 days

What is the correct pathway that feces would travel through the colon? A) Ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon B) Transverse colon, ascending colon, sigmoid colon, descending colon C) Ascending colon, transverse colon, sigmoid colon, descending colon D) Ascending colon, sigmoid colon, transverse colon, descending colon E) Duodenum, jejunum, ileum

Ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon

In order to expire air, which of the following must occur? A) Intrapulmonary pressure drops lower than atmospheric pressure. B) Intrapulmonary volume decreases as the inspiratory muscles and diaphragm relax and return to their resting positions. C) Atmospheric pressure rises higher than intrapulmonary pressure. D) Intrapulmonary pressure and atmospheric pressure equalize.

Atmospheric pressure rises higher than intrapulmonary pressure

Which passageways branch off of the inferior end of the trachea? A) Alveolar sacs B) Bronchi C) Bronchioles D) Alveolar ducts

Bronchi

Which of the following is true of cystic fibrosis (CF)? A) Most cases of CF arise due to exposure to second-hand smoke. B) People with CF do not produce enough mucus and are at a higher risk for infections. C) CF is a genetic condition that is inheritable. D) The cells of the alveoli produce too much surfactant in cases of CF. E) Sneezing and sinusitis are common symptoms of CF.

CF is a genetic condition that is inheritable

What odorless, colorless gas binds preferentially with the same binding site on hemoglobin as oxygen? A) Carbon monoxide B) Nitrous oxide C) Methane D) Hydrogen sulfide

Carbon Monoxide

What sweeps contaminated mucus from the nasal cavity to the throat? A) Flagella B) Coarse hairs C) Tonsils D) Cilia E) Air turbulence

Cilia

What type of cell specializes in killing virus-infected, cancer, or foreign graft cells directly? A) Cytotoxic T cells B) Antigen-presenting cells C) Helper T cells D) Regulatory T cells

Cytotoxic T cells

When we exercise, carbon dioxide levels increase in our blood, which leads to a decrease inblood pH. How will the respiratory system respond to restore carbon dioxide and blood pHlevels to normal? A) Hypoventilation B) Apnea C) Hyperventilation D) Dyspnea

Hyperventilation

Which portion of the small intestine joins the large intestine at the ileocecal valve? A) Cecum B) Ileum C) Jejunum D) Duodenum

Ileum

Which of the following is the major stimulus for the thirst mechanism? A) Defecation B) Increased saliva production C) Hunger D) Decreased urination E) Increased solute content of blood plasma

Increased solute content of blood plasma

What is the first digestive process, which involves placing food in the mouth, to occur? A) Peristalsis B) Ingestion C) Segmentation D) Mastication

Ingestion

Which of the following collections of lymphatic tissue prevents large numbers of bacteria from entering the bloodstream in the distal (end) portion of the small intestine? A) Circular folds (plicae circulares) B) Microvilli C) Peyer's patches D) Villi

Peyer's patches

What do chief cells of the stomach produce? A) Hormones B) Protein-digesting enzymes C) Mucus D) Hydrochloric acid (HCl)

Protein-digesting enzymes

Which two hormones promote the release of bile and pancreatic juice into the small intestine? A) Secretin; cholecystokinin (CCK) B) Somatostatin; secretin C) Gastric inhibitory peptide (GIP); histamine D) Gastrin; histamine

Secretin; cholecystokinin (CCK)

Exchange of both oxygen and carbon dioxide through the respiratory membrane occurs by________. A) simple diffusion B) endocytosis C) osmosis D) active transport E) facilitated diffusion

Simple diffusion

What is the most common cause for lung cancer? A) Smoking B) Asthma C) Hereditary D) Diet E) Work environment

Smoking

Which nonrespiratory air movement clears the upper respiratory passageways? A) Coughing B) Sneezing C) Laughing D) Hiccupping E) Yawning

Sneezing

Damage to the larynx can cause an inability to ________. A) cough B) sneeze C) speak D) hiccup

Speak

________ volume is the air moved into and out of the lungs during normal quiet breathing andis approximately 500 ml of air. A) Expiratory reserve B) Inspiratory reserve C) Tidal D) Residua

Tidal

What role do the tonsils play in the respiratory system? A) Tonsils protect the body from infection. B) Tonsils sweep contaminated mucus toward the throat. C) Tonsils moisten the air entering the respiratory passageways. D) Tonsils humidify and warm incoming air. E) Tonsils produce mucus, which drains into the nasal cavities.

Tonsils protect the body from infection

Which organ or structure belongs to the lower respiratory tract? A) Pharynx B) Trachea C) Larynx D) Nose E) Nasal cavity

Trachea

What are the fingerlike projections of the small intestine that increase the absorptive surface area? A) Haustra B) Villi C) Rugae D) Cilia

Villi

Which of the following is not a cell that behaves as an antigen-presenting cell (APC)? A) Dendritic cells B) Macrophages C) Virus D) B lymphocytes

Virus

What nonrespiratory air movement is intended to ventilate all alveoli? A) Hiccup B) Cough C) Yawn D) Sneeze

Yawn

The helmet-like region of the sperm that is similar to a large lysosome and assists penetration ofthe egg is called the ________. A) acrosome B) flagellum C) spermatid D) midpiece

acrosome

A corpus luteum would be present ________. A) in the semen of a male B) after ovulation in a female C) only on the day of ovulation in a female D) prior to ovulation in a female

after ovulation in a female

What protects the stomach from being damaged by acid or enzymes? A) Hydrochloric acid B) Gastric juice C) Intrinsic factor D) Alkaline mucus E) Pepsin

alkaline mucus

Arterial blood pH above 7.45 is considered to be ________. A) acidosis B) alkalosis C) normal D) physiological acidosis

alkalosis

What do the ducts that join at the hepatopancreatic ampulla deliver to the duodenum of thesmall intestine? A) Bile and pancreatic juices B) Cholecystokinin (CCK) and secretin C) Hydrochloric acid and intrinsic factor D) Oxygen-rich blood and nutrients E) Gastrin and histamine

bile and pancreatic juices

Filtrate contains everything in blood plasma except for ________. A) solutes B) water C) blood proteins D) electrolytes

blood proteins

Which of the following is NOT typically found in filtrate? A) Blood proteins B) Amino acids C) Water D) Ions E) Glucose

blood proteins

Which of the following can be caused by human papillomavirus (HPV), a sexually transmitted disease? A) Syphyllis B) Cervical cancer C) Gonorrhea D) Squamous cell carcinoma

cervical cancer

What is the early stage of embryonic development during which rapid mitotic cell divisionsoccur as the zygote travels down the uterine (fallopian) tube? A) Implantation B) The acrosomal reaction C) Cleavage D) Fertilization

cleavage

Which of the following substances is normally found in urine? A) Blood proteins B) White blood cells C) Red blood cells D) Creatinine E) Hemoglobin

creatinine

Which tube brings bile directly back into the gallbladder for storage? A) Common hepatic duct B) Cystic duct C) Common bile duct D) Accessory pancreatic duct E) Main pancreatic duct

cystic duct