BMS Ch 19-Blood
________ involves a cascade of reactions leading to the conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin. The platelet phase Fibrinolysis Coagulation Retraction Vascular spasm
Coagulation
hematocrit
% of formed element in blood
The average life span of a red blood cell is many years. 24 hours. 4 months. about 1 year. 1 month.
4 months
type AB blood
a and b antigens no antibodies universal recipient
type A blood
a antigens b antibodies accept from A or O
The disease sickle cell anemia is an example of what can happen if the diet is deficient in iron. there is insufficient heme in the hemoglobin. a gene for adult hemoglobin is abnormal. red blood cells bind too much oxygen. hemolysis is prevented by a mutated gene.
a gene for adult hemoglobin is abnormal.
Whole blood for testing in a clinical laboratory is usually collected from the heart. a superficial vein. a capillary. a superficial artery. an arteriole.
a superficial vein.
intrinsic pathway
activated platelets that form clot when no bleeding; need to bind to Ca
The intrinsic pathway of coagulation is activated by the sticking of platelets to each other. conversion of prothrombin to thrombin. release of tissue factor (Factor III) by damaged endothelium. activation of Factor XII by platelet factors. release of heparin from the liver.
activation of Factor XII by platelet factors
Antigens of the surface of red blood cells are also called ________ and antibodies in the blood plasma are also called ________. serum; plasma agglutinins; agglutinogens agglutinogens; agglutinins T-cells; B-cells erythrogens; antibiotics
agglutinins; agglutinogens
Which plasma protein transports fatty acids and some hormones? translipin hormone-binding protein albumin gamma globulin steroid-binding protein
albumin
list of plasma proteins
albumins globulins fibrinogen
When checking the efficiency of gas exchange, it may be necessary to draw a blood sample from the heart. capillaries. a vein. the lungs. an artery.
an artery
type B blood
b antigens a antibodies accept B or O
lymphocyte types
b cells-produce antibodies t cells- attack foreign cells nk cells- destroy abnormal cells
A moving blood clot is called a(n) procoagulant. platelet plug. thrombus. plaque. embolus.
embolus.
White blood cells that are increased in allergic individuals are the monocytes. lymphocytes. neutrophils. platelets. eosinophils.
eosinophils.
common pathway
factor x prothrombin thrombin-this converts fibrinogen to fibrin (insoluble)
The percent fraction of formed elements relative to whole blood is the packed volume. specific gravity. hematocrit. differential cell count. viscosity.
hematocrit
Excess iron is stored in the liver and spleen as hemosiderin and ferritin. hemoglobin. hemosiderin. transferrin. ferritin.
hemosiderin and ferritin.
Thyroid-binding globulin is an example of which kind of plasma protein? hormone-binding apolipoprotein metalloprotein steroid-binding transport albumin
hormone-binding
globulins
immunoglobulins (antibodies) transport globulins
what organ releases most plasma proteins?
liver
Platelets are pinched off from giant multinucleated cells in the bone marrow called myeloblasts. lymphoblasts. megakaryocytes. erythroblasts. normoblasts.
megakaryocytes.
Transferrin is an example of which kind of plasma protein? apolipoprotein metalloprotein steroid-binding protein transport albumin hormone-binding protein
metalloprotein
________ are large phagocytic white cells that spend most of their time outside the blood as fixed and free phagocytic cells. Basophils Lymphocytes Eosinophils Neutrophils Monocytes
monocytes
agranulocyte types
monocytes and lymphocytes
neutrophils
more numerous phagocytic
albumins
most numerous -contributes to osmotic pressure of plasma
granulocyte types
neutrophils eiosinophils basophils
white blood cell types
neutrophils lymphocytes monocytes eosinophils basophils
type O
no antigens a and b antibodies universal donor only accepts type O
eosinophils
phagocytic, reduce inflammation, increase in allergic situations
what is blood made of?
plasma (water, plasma proteins) formed elements (rbcs, wbcs, platelets) -together make the whole blood
serum
plasma without fibrinogen
The enzyme that can digest fibrin and dissolve a clot is fibrinase. heparin. phosphokinase. thrombin. plasmin.
plasmin.
The function of platelets is to assist in the process called hemostasis. immune response during an infection. transport of blood gases such as oxygen. destruction of bacteria. removal of worn out red blood cells.
process called hemostasis.
The chief difference between plasma and interstitial fluid involves the concentration of proteins. electrolytes. water. nitrogen wastes. glucose.
proteins
Granulocytes form in red bone marrow. the spleen. yellow bone marrow. the thymus. the intestines.
red bone marrow.
basophils
release histamine to promote inflammation
Aged and damaged erythrocytes are broken down by macrophages in the bone marrow. digestive tract. liver. spleen. spleen, liver, and bone marrow.
spleen, liver, and bone marrow.
agglutinogens
surface antigens
hemostasis
the stopping of bleeding
The conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin is catalyzed by the enzyme thrombin. prothrombinase. fibrinogen-converting enzyme. factor VIII. plasmin.
thrombin.
clot retraction
torn edges of vessel pulled together
hemostasis steps
vascular phase platelet phase coagulation clot retraction
White blood cells that release histamine at the site of an injury are eosinophils. monocytes. basophils. lymphocytes. neutrophils.
basophils.
monocytes
become macrophages and engulf pathogens and debris
hemopoeisis
blood cell formation from myloid and lymphoid stem cells
fibrinogen
clotting
agglutination
clumping of cells -leads to hemolysis
The phase of hemostasis that involved clotting of blood is called hemolysis. a platelet plug. diapedesis. vascular spasm. coagulation.
coagulation
Platelets are blue cells that have a nucleus. red cells that lack a nucleus. cytoplasmic fragments of large cells. tiny cells with a polynucleus. large cells with a prominent, concave nucleus.
cytoplasmic fragments of large cells.
extrinsic pathway
damage to endothelial cells or peripheral cells -tissue factor and Ca form enzyme complex that activates Factor X
lymphocytes
defends against specific toxins and pathogens
Eosinophils function in production of surface antigens for red blood cells. production of heparin. destroying antibody-labeled antigens. antibody production. blood coagulation.
destroying antibody-labeled antigens.
fibrinolysis
dissolving of blood clot -plasminogen to plasmin