BMS Ch 19-Blood

________ involves a cascade of reactions leading to the conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin. The platelet phase Fibrinolysis Coagulation Retraction Vascular spasm

Coagulation

hematocrit

% of formed element in blood

The average life span of a red blood cell is many years. 24 hours. 4 months. about 1 year. 1 month.

4 months

type AB blood

a and b antigens no antibodies universal recipient

type A blood

a antigens b antibodies accept from A or O

The disease sickle cell anemia is an example of what can happen if the diet is deficient in iron. there is insufficient heme in the hemoglobin. a gene for adult hemoglobin is abnormal. red blood cells bind too much oxygen. hemolysis is prevented by a mutated gene.

a gene for adult hemoglobin is abnormal.

Whole blood for testing in a clinical laboratory is usually collected from the heart. a superficial vein. a capillary. a superficial artery. an arteriole.

a superficial vein.

intrinsic pathway

activated platelets that form clot when no bleeding; need to bind to Ca

The intrinsic pathway of coagulation is activated by the sticking of platelets to each other. conversion of prothrombin to thrombin. release of tissue factor (Factor III) by damaged endothelium. activation of Factor XII by platelet factors. release of heparin from the liver.

activation of Factor XII by platelet factors

Antigens of the surface of red blood cells are also called ________ and antibodies in the blood plasma are also called ________. serum; plasma agglutinins; agglutinogens agglutinogens; agglutinins T-cells; B-cells erythrogens; antibiotics

agglutinins; agglutinogens

Which plasma protein transports fatty acids and some hormones? translipin hormone-binding protein albumin gamma globulin steroid-binding protein

albumin

list of plasma proteins

albumins globulins fibrinogen

When checking the efficiency of gas exchange, it may be necessary to draw a blood sample from the heart. capillaries. a vein. the lungs. an artery.

an artery

type B blood

b antigens a antibodies accept B or O

lymphocyte types

b cells-produce antibodies t cells- attack foreign cells nk cells- destroy abnormal cells

A moving blood clot is called a(n) procoagulant. platelet plug. thrombus. plaque. embolus.

embolus.

White blood cells that are increased in allergic individuals are the monocytes. lymphocytes. neutrophils. platelets. eosinophils.

eosinophils.

common pathway

factor x prothrombin thrombin-this converts fibrinogen to fibrin (insoluble)

The percent fraction of formed elements relative to whole blood is the packed volume. specific gravity. hematocrit. differential cell count. viscosity.

hematocrit

Excess iron is stored in the liver and spleen as hemosiderin and ferritin. hemoglobin. hemosiderin. transferrin. ferritin.

hemosiderin and ferritin.

Thyroid-binding globulin is an example of which kind of plasma protein? hormone-binding apolipoprotein metalloprotein steroid-binding transport albumin

hormone-binding

globulins

immunoglobulins (antibodies) transport globulins

what organ releases most plasma proteins?

liver

Platelets are pinched off from giant multinucleated cells in the bone marrow called myeloblasts. lymphoblasts. megakaryocytes. erythroblasts. normoblasts.

megakaryocytes.

Transferrin is an example of which kind of plasma protein? apolipoprotein metalloprotein steroid-binding protein transport albumin hormone-binding protein

metalloprotein

________ are large phagocytic white cells that spend most of their time outside the blood as fixed and free phagocytic cells. Basophils Lymphocytes Eosinophils Neutrophils Monocytes

monocytes

agranulocyte types

monocytes and lymphocytes

neutrophils

more numerous phagocytic

albumins

most numerous -contributes to osmotic pressure of plasma

granulocyte types

neutrophils eiosinophils basophils

white blood cell types

neutrophils lymphocytes monocytes eosinophils basophils

type O

no antigens a and b antibodies universal donor only accepts type O

eosinophils

phagocytic, reduce inflammation, increase in allergic situations

what is blood made of?

plasma (water, plasma proteins) formed elements (rbcs, wbcs, platelets) -together make the whole blood

serum

plasma without fibrinogen

The enzyme that can digest fibrin and dissolve a clot is fibrinase. heparin. phosphokinase. thrombin. plasmin.

plasmin.

The function of platelets is to assist in the process called hemostasis. immune response during an infection. transport of blood gases such as oxygen. destruction of bacteria. removal of worn out red blood cells.

process called hemostasis.

The chief difference between plasma and interstitial fluid involves the concentration of proteins. electrolytes. water. nitrogen wastes. glucose.

proteins

Granulocytes form in red bone marrow. the spleen. yellow bone marrow. the thymus. the intestines.

red bone marrow.

basophils

release histamine to promote inflammation

Aged and damaged erythrocytes are broken down by macrophages in the bone marrow. digestive tract. liver. spleen. spleen, liver, and bone marrow.

spleen, liver, and bone marrow.

agglutinogens

surface antigens

hemostasis

the stopping of bleeding

The conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin is catalyzed by the enzyme thrombin. prothrombinase. fibrinogen-converting enzyme. factor VIII. plasmin.

thrombin.

clot retraction

torn edges of vessel pulled together

hemostasis steps

vascular phase platelet phase coagulation clot retraction

White blood cells that release histamine at the site of an injury are eosinophils. monocytes. basophils. lymphocytes. neutrophils.

basophils.

monocytes

become macrophages and engulf pathogens and debris

hemopoeisis

blood cell formation from myloid and lymphoid stem cells

fibrinogen

clotting

agglutination

clumping of cells -leads to hemolysis

The phase of hemostasis that involved clotting of blood is called hemolysis. a platelet plug. diapedesis. vascular spasm. coagulation.

coagulation

Platelets are blue cells that have a nucleus. red cells that lack a nucleus. cytoplasmic fragments of large cells. tiny cells with a polynucleus. large cells with a prominent, concave nucleus.

cytoplasmic fragments of large cells.

extrinsic pathway

damage to endothelial cells or peripheral cells -tissue factor and Ca form enzyme complex that activates Factor X

lymphocytes

defends against specific toxins and pathogens

Eosinophils function in production of surface antigens for red blood cells. production of heparin. destroying antibody-labeled antigens. antibody production. blood coagulation.

destroying antibody-labeled antigens.

fibrinolysis

dissolving of blood clot -plasminogen to plasmin