Bones, Location, Articulation, and Markings
Nasals
Articulate serperiorly with frontal, laterial with maxillas, posterily with ethmoid, medial with each other.
Temporal Bones Articulation
Articulate with the Parietals superiorly along the Squamous Suture. Posteriorly and Medially with the Occipital. Anterior to the Sphenoid, Zygomatics and Inferior to the Mandible.
Ethmoid Bone Articulation
Articulates Superiorly with Frontal. Anteriorly with Lacrimals and Nasals. Inferiorly with Vomer and Posteriorly with Sphenoid.
Occibital Bone Marking 2
Foramen Magnum opening for your spinal cord.
Frontal Bone Location
Forehead
Femur markings 3
Fovea Capitis- dimple in head of femur POLA
Frontal Bone Marking
Glabella, ridge of the bone intermedial to orbits. POMA
Sphenoid Bone Marking
Greater Wing- plate of bone you call Temple
Femur markings 1
Head- rounded know on proximal/medial aspect POA
Maxillas Marking
Incisive Fossa- opening for blood vessels and nerves
Ethmoid Bone Marking 4
Middle Nasal Concha- 2 small projections on the Superior and Lateral aspect of Nasal Cavity. Support for Nasal Membranes.
Parietal Bones Markings
NO MARKINGS
What are the 14 Facial Bones?
Nasal AKA Inferior nasal concha (2), Lacrimal bones (2), Mandible. Maxilla (2), Nasal bones (2), Palatine bones (2), Vomer, Zygomatic bones (2)
Inferior Nasal Concha Markings
No Markings
Lacrimal Bones
No Markings
Palatine Bones Markings
No Markings
Nasals
No markings
Vomer Markings
No markings
Occibital Bone Marking 3
Occipital Condyles- 2 rounded knobs on the Lateral aspect of the Foramen Magnum, Points of Articulation.
Ethmoid Bone Marking
Orbital Plate- makes up medial aspect of Orbits Poras
Sphenoid Bone Marking 2
Orbital Plate- posterior and lateral aspect of the Orbit.
Zygomatics Marking
Orbital plate makes up lateral aspect of your orbits.
Frontal Bone Marking 2
Orbital plate(roof of orbits)
Maxillas Marking
Orbital plate- make up floors of your orbits
Maxillas Marking
Palatine Process- anterior 2/3 of your hard plalet
Ethmoid Bone Marking 3
Perpendicular Plate- Superior aspect of your Nasal Septum.
POA
Point of Attachment
POMA
Point of Muscle Attachment
POMLA
Point of Muscle Ligament Attachment
POS
Point of stabilization
POMA
Points of Muscle Attachment
Frontal Bone Articulation
Posterior with the parietals along the coronal suture(frontal suture). Inferiorly with the Sphenoid, Ethmoid, Lacrimals, Nasals, Zygomatics and Maxilla
Zygomatics Marking
Temporal Process makes up anterior part of the Zygomatic Arch.
TMJS
TemporoMadibular Joint Syndrome
navicular marking 1
navicular tuberosity
Fibula marking 2
neck- narrow region just distal to head
Femur markings 2
neck- narrow region just lateral to head.
talus marking 5
neck- narrow region posterior to head.
Calcaneus articulation
superior with talus, anterior with cuboid
Patella
anterior aspect of knee(knee cap)
Tibia marking 7
anterior crest- front edge of tibia. POMA
Patella marking 2
apex- most inferior point. POLA
Patella marking 3
articular surface- backside of patella. POA
Calcaneus marking 1
attachment for achilles
Patella marking 1
base- relatively flat superior aspect POMA
How many Facial Bones?
14
metatarsals articulation
1st and 3rd articulate posterior with corresponding cuneiform.
Nasals
2 bones that make up bridge of nose
How many Cranial Bones? Names?
8 Cranial Bones, 1 Frontal, 1 Ethmoid, 1 Occipital, 1 Sphenoid, 2 Parietal, 2 Temporal
Femur marking 13
Adductor tubercle- bump on superior aspect of medial epicondyle. POMA
Characteristics ALL Vertebrae Have
All Verterbrae except one have a body. Body- round/oval structure main weight bearing structure of the bone. Intervertebral disc are found in the body.
Mandible Markings 7
Alveolar Process Edge where teeth meet the bone.
Maxillas Marking
Alveolar process- teeth meet bone
Sphenoid Bone Location
Anterior and Inferior of the Cranium
Lacrimal Bones
Anterior and medial aspect of your orbit. Articulate anterior and inferior with Maxillas. Posterior with Ethmoid and Superior with Frontal.
Parietal Bones Articulation
Anteriorly with frontal along the Coronal Suture. Laterally with the Temporals and Sphenoid along the Squamos Suture(Temporal Suture). Posteriorly with the Occibital along the Lambdoid Suture. Medially with each other along the Sagittal Suture
Sphenoid Bone Articulation
Articulates with every other Cranial bone. Articulates anteriorly with Frontal Ethmoid, Vomer, Maxillas, Palatines. Posteriorly with the Temporal and Occipital. Superiorly with the Parietals and Frontal.
Sphenoid Bone
Bat Shaped bone AKA Keystone of the Cranium
Mandible Markings 2
Coranoid Process Wing-like projection on the superior aspect. POMA
Ethmoid Bone Marking 2
Cristi Galli- Spike like projection on the Cribriform Plate attachment for your membranes(meninges)
Temporal Bones Marking 2
External Acoustic Meatus (Opening for a Qtip, ear hole)
Occibital Bone Markings
External Occipital Protuberance is a point of muscle attachment.
Maxillas Marking
Infraorbital foramen- hole inferior to your orbits, opening for blood vessels and nerves
Ethmoid Bone
Irregular shaped bone
Ethmoid Bone Location
Located behind nose, make up most anterior aspect of Cranial Cavity.
LOL
Location of Ligaments
Mandible
Lower jaw, only movable bone in the skull. Articulates superior with the Temporals at the Temporal Mandibular joint
Temporal Bones Location
Make up Lateral aspect of Cranium
Zygomatics (cheek bones)
Make up lateral aspect of your face. Articulate superior with Frontal, posterior to Sphenoid and Temporal, Medial with Maxillas.
Palatine Bones
Make up posterior aspect of hard palate. Articulate Anterior/lateral with Maxillas, superior with Vomer, posterior with Sphenoid.
Parietal Bones location
Make up superior and lateral aspect of cranium
Occibital Bone Location
Makes up posterior and inferior aspect of Cranium.
Mandible Markings 4
Mandibular Angle Corner of your jaw. POMA
Mandible Markings 1
Mandibular Condyle (2 knobs) rounded know on the posterior/superior aspect POA
Mandible Markings 6
Mandibular Foramen posterior and medial aspect of the Mandible. Opening for blood vessels and nerves.
Temporal Bones Marking 5
Mandibular Fossa- depression just anterior and medial to the Acoustic Meatus. Point of articulation with the Mandible.
Mandible Markings 3
Mandibular Notch Intermediate to Condyle and Coronoid Process
Temporal Bones Marking
Mastoid Process(bump behind the ear) POMA
Mandible Markings 5
Mental Foramen Opening on lateral aspect of Mandible for blood vessels and nerves
Tibia articulation
Proximal with femur, distal with talus, lateral with fibula
Sphenoid Bone Marking 3
Sella Turcica- little saddle of bone
Inferior Nasal Concha
Small shell like bone on the lateral aspects of the nasal cavity. Articulates Laterally with Maxillas
Temporal Bones Marking 3
Styloid Process-Spike like projection just medial to acoustic meatus. POMA
Occibital Bone Articulation
Superiorly with the Parietals along the Lambdoid Suture. Laterally with the Temporals. Anteriorly with the Sphenoid. Inferiorly with the Atlas.
Frontal Bone Marking 3
Supraorbital Foramen(hole in the bone) opening for blood vessels and nerves
TP
Tibial plato
Maxillas
Upper Jaw. Articulate superior with frontal, Lacrimals and Ethmoid. Anterior with Nasals, lateral with Zygomatics, Medial with Inferior Nasal Concha, Vomer and each other.
Characteristics ALL Vertebrae have
Vertebral Foramen Hole posterior to the body. Opening for Spinal Cord.
Temporal Bones Marking 4
Zygomatic Process- posterior aspect of the Zygomatic Arch. POMA
Navicular
crescent moon shaped on medial aspect of foot.
cuboid
cube shaped bone
Tibia marking 10
fibular facet- depression on posterior aspect of lateral condyle. POA
Tibia marking 11
fibular fossa- groove on distal/lateral aspect. POA (notch on Tibia)
Femur marking 4
greater trochanter- large know on proximal/lateral aspect POMLA
talus marking 4
head- round anterior end. POA
Fibula marking 1
head- round know on proximal end. POA POLA
Tibia marking 2
medial meniscus fossa- depression on medial aspect of tibulial plato LOC, LOM
Tibia marking 1
intercondylar eminence- pair of projections on tibulial plato. POS
Femur marking 14
intercondyle fossa(notch)- depression on posterior/distal aspect intermediate to condyles. LOL
Femur marking 6
intertrochanter crest- large prominent bone running between trochanters. POMA
femur marking 7
intertrochanter crest- rough line of bone on anterior aspect lateral to neck. POLA
calcaneus(heel bone)
largest bone of the tarsals, most posterior.
femur marking 9
lateral condyle- large knuckle like process on distal/lateral aspect. POA
Tibia marking 5
lateral condyle- round process on proximal/lateral aspect. POMLA, POA
femur marking 10
lateral epicondyle- bump on side of lateral condyle. POMLA
Talus marking 2
lateral malleolar facet- smooth surface lateral aspect. POA
Fibula marking 3
lateral malleolus- large process on distal end (outside ankle bone) POLA POS
Tibia marking 3
lateral meniscus fossa- depression on lateral aspect of TP. LOM
Femur marking 5
lesser trochanter- small knob just distal to neck on posterior aspect POMA
femur marking 8
linea aspera- raised line along posterior aspect of shaft. POMA
LOM
location of muscle
Tibia
longer, stronger, larger bone of the leg.
Tarsal bones
make up ankle and posterior aspect of foot.
femur marking 11
medial condyle- large knuckle process on distal/medial aspect POA
Tibia marking 4
medial condyle- large round process on proximal/medial aspect. POMLA
cuboid marking 1
medial cuneiform- all 3 articulate posterior with navicular and articulate anterior with corresponding metatarsals.
femur marking 12
medial epicondyle- bump on side of medial condyle. POMLA
talus marking 3
medial malleolar facet- small flat surface on medial aspect. POA
Tibia marking 8
medial malleolus- large process oon distal/medial aspect. (inside ankle bone) POMLA POS
talus
only bone of the ankle, most superior bone of the tarsals.
femur marking 15
patellar surface- smooth grooved surface on anterior/distal aspect POA
Calcaneus marking 2
peroneal tubercle- bump on lateral aspect. POMA
cuboid articulation
posterior with calcaneus, medial with navicular and lateral with cuneiform, anterior with 4th and 5th metatarsals.
Patella articulation
posterior with femur, sesamoid bones- incased in tendon. Helps stabilize joint
navicular articulation
posterior with talus, anterior with all 3 cuneiforms, lateral with cuboid
Femur articulation
proximal with acetabulum. Distal with Tibia. Anterior with Patella.
Fibula articulation
proximal with the lateral condyle of fibula and medially with both tibia and talus.
Talus articulation
proximal/medial with tibia, lateral with fibula, anterior with navicular, inferior with calcaneus
Tibia marking 9
talus fossa- depression on distal end. POA
3 ankle bones
tibia, fibula, talus
Tibia marking 6
tibial tuberosity- small knob on anterior aspect intermediate to condyles. POLA
Talus marking 1
trochlea- smooth curves superior surface. POA
Vomer
wedge shaped bone found in the inferior and medial aspect of the nasal cavity. Makes up the inferior part of the Nasal Septum. Articulates superior with the Ethmoid, posterior with the Sphenoid, inferior with the Maxillas and Palatine Bones.