Bones of the upper limbs or upper extremities

Humerus: medial epicondyle & lateral epicondyle

- rough projections on either side of the distal end of the humerus to which the tendons of the forearms are attached.

Humerus: body or shaft

- roughly cylindrical at its proximal neck, gradually becomes triangular until it is flattened and broad at the distal end.

Ulna: head

- the distal end of the ulna. - separated from the wrist by a disc of fibrocartilage.

Humerus: inter tubercular sulcus

- the groove between the 2 tubercles.

Humerus: ulnar nerve

- what we feel when we hit our funny bone.

Ulna: trochlear notch

-a large curved area between the olecrenon and coronoid process that forms part of the elbow joint.

Radius: radial tuberosity

-a roughened area inferior to the neck. -an attachment point for the tendons of biceps.

Humerus: capitulum

-a rounded knob on the lateral aspect of the bone that articulates with the head of the radius.

Humerus: trochlea

-a spool-shaped surface that articulates with the trochlear notch of the ulna. -located medially to the capitulum.

Humerus: radial fossa

-an anterior depression above the capitulum that articulates with the head of the radius when the forearm is flexed.

Ulna: olecrenon

-articulates proximal to help form the prominence of the elbow.

Radius: head

-disc shaped. -articulates with the capitulum of the humerus and the radial notch of the ulna.

Radius: radiocarpal joint (wrist joint)

-distal end of the radius. -the wrist joint is made up of 3 bones: 1. Lunate, 2. Scaphoid, 3. triquetrum.

Humerus: Anatomical neck

-distal to the head. -visible oblique groove. -former site of the epiphyseal plate.

Ulna

-located on the medial aspect of the forearm. -underneath. (when thumbs are up) - it is longer than the radius.

Metacarpus (palm)

-metacarpal bones. -the intermediate region of the hand consisting of bones numbered 1-5. (lateral to medial) -bone #1 is always the thumb.

Ulna: styloid process

-on the posterior side of the ulna's distal end. -provides attachment for the ulnar collateral ligament to the wrist.

Ulna: coronoid process

-projects anteriorly to articulate with the trochlea of the humerus. Helps to form the elbow.

Humerus: lesser tubercle

-projects anteriorly.

what is the largest and longest arm bone of the upper limb?

Humerus bone.

Humerus: olecranon fossa

- a large posterior depression that receives the olecranon of the ulna when the forearm is extended

Humerus: coronoid fossa

- anterior depression that receives the coronoid process of the ulna when the forearm is flexed.

Humerus: surgical neck

- constriction in the humerus just distal to the tubercles, where the head tapers to the shaft. Named like this because it fractures often.

Humerus: greater tubercle

- lateral projection distal to the anatomical neck. - the most laterally palpable, boney landmark of the shoulder.

Carpal (wrist) bones. Stop letting those people touch the cadavers hand!

-proximal region of the hand. - 8 small bones. Proximal Row: 1. scaphoid: boat like. 2. lunate: moon shaped. 3. triquetrum: three cornered. Distal Row: 4. pisiform: pea-shaped. 5. trapezium: four sided without 2 parallel sides. 6. trapezoid: four sided figure with two sides parallel. 7. capitate: head shaped. 8. hamate: hooked.

Radius

-smaller bone of the forearm. - located on the top (thumb side)

phalanges

-the bones of the digits. -the distal part of the hand. -14 phalanges in each hand. -numbered 1-5 beginning with the thumb.

Humerus: Head

-the proximal end of the humerus. -rounded. - articulate with the glenoid cavity of the scapula to form the glenohumeral joint. (shoulder joint)

Humerus: deltoid tuberosity

-the roughened V-shaped area at the middle portion of the shaft.

Radius: styloid process

-the shaft widens distally to form a styloid process on the lateral side. -commonly fractured in people over 50.

Pollex

-the thumb. -has 2 phalanges. -the thumb has no middle phalanx.

Parts of the metacarpals

1. base. 2. shaft. 3. head.

how many bones does each upper limb have?

30 bones in 3 locations. 1. the humerus in the arm. 2. the ulna and radius in the forearm. 3. 8 carpals in the carpus, 5 metacarpals in the metacarpus, and 14 phalanges in the hand.

What does the humerus bone articulate with?

Proximally with the scapula to form the shoulder joint. Distally with the radius and ulna to form the elbow joint.

phalanx

a single bone of a digit.

Carpals: Inter-carpal joints:

articulations among carpal bones.

How is the elbow joint formed?

by 2 articulations: 1. the trochlear notch of the ulna with the trochlea of the humerus. 2. the head of the radius with the capitulum of the humerus.

carpometacarpal joints

the articulation between the bases and the distal row.

metacarpophalangeal joints (knuckles)

the articulation between the heads (knuckles) and proximal phalanges.