Botany Chapter 6 stems
Match the wood surface to the type of sawing that revealed it.
A - transversely sawed B - quartersawed c - plain-sawed
Which one of the following describes a bulb?
A large bud.
Flattened, photosynthetic stems that resemble leaves are called _________.
Cladophylls
A bulb-like structure which consists almost entirely of a modified stem is called a(n) _________.
Corm
True or false: Most monocots have secondary growth, and can attain great sizes just like dicots.
False
A tuber swells from the accumulation of ________.
Food
Trees that exhibit indeterminate growth can do which of the following?
Grow longer at their branch tips Grow bigger around
Which of these are true for the protoderm in stems?
It gives rise to the epidermis. It is a primary meristem.
Once dried, logs contain more cellulose than anything else, but it is the ________ that makes the walls of the xylem tough, therefore influencing the strength of the wood.
Lignin
Horizontal stems that grow underground are called _________.
Rhizomes
Perennial grasses, ferns, and bearded iris plants produce horizontal underground stems called _________.
Rhizomes
Which type of wood has larger xylem vessel elements?
Spring Wood
Match the type of wood to its description.
Spring Wood ----> Choice, secondary xylem with relatively large vessel elements and fewer tracheids secondary xylem with relatively large vessel elements and fewer tracheids Summer Wood ------> secondary xylem with smaller vessel elements and more tracheids
While spines are modified stipules at the base of a plant leaf, thorns are modified ______.
Stems
The term runner is sometimes used synonymously with which term?
Stolon
Swollen modified stems that store carbohydrates and are usually found on the ends of stolons and rhizomes are called ________.
Tubers
What do you call a plant that completes its life cycle in one year?
annual
Swollen underground buds with adventitious roots are called _______.
bulbs
Some plants have the ability to grow larger throughout their lifetime through ______.
indeterminate growth
Match the leaf arrangement name with the correct pattern description.
leaves arranged in a spiral along the stem ----> alternate leaves arranged in pairs along the stem ----> opposite leaves in groups of 3 or more along the stem ----> whorled
Once the water is removed, what are the main components of wood?
lignin cellulose
How many years does it take an annual plant to complete its life cycle?
one
Select the three recognizable patterns that leaves are arranged on stems.
opposite alternate whorled
The primary meristem responsible for producing xylem and phloem in stems is called the ______.
procambium
Which primary meristem gives rise to the epidermis in stems?
protoderm
Steles are cylinders of conducting tissue in stems. Match the type of stele with its description.
protostele ----> Choice, solid core of conducting tissue, typically with phloem surrounding xylem solid core of conducting tissue, typically with phloem surrounding xylem eustele -----> Choice, primary xylem and phoem arranged in vascular bundles. primary xylem and phoem arranged in vascular bundles.
Primary xylem and phloem typically form a stele in the stem. The simplest form is called a _________ , with the phloem surrounding the xylem at the core of the stem. Most plants have a _________ , in which xylem and phloem are arranged in vascular bundles.
protostele, eusteles
The most expensive boards are obtained by which sawing technique?
quartersawed
Horizontal stems with long internodes that grow along the surface of the ground are called ________.
runners or stolons
Most monocot stems do not have a vascular cambium nor cork cambium and therefore are not capable of ______.
secondary growth
Most of a corm is composed of ______ tissue.
stem
What are cladophylls?
stems that look like leaves
Modified stems that are sharp and pointy are called ______.
thorns
The procambium in stems is responsible for producing two types of tissue, the primary _________ for conducting water and primary __________ for conducting food.
xylem; phloem