Botany Chapter 6 stems

Match the wood surface to the type of sawing that revealed it.

A - transversely sawed B - quartersawed c - plain-sawed

Which one of the following describes a bulb?

A large bud.

Flattened, photosynthetic stems that resemble leaves are called _________.

Cladophylls

A bulb-like structure which consists almost entirely of a modified stem is called a(n) _________.

Corm

True or false: Most monocots have secondary growth, and can attain great sizes just like dicots.

False

A tuber swells from the accumulation of ________.

Food

Trees that exhibit indeterminate growth can do which of the following?

Grow longer at their branch tips Grow bigger around

Which of these are true for the protoderm in stems?

It gives rise to the epidermis. It is a primary meristem.

Once dried, logs contain more cellulose than anything else, but it is the ________ that makes the walls of the xylem tough, therefore influencing the strength of the wood.

Lignin

Horizontal stems that grow underground are called _________.

Rhizomes

Perennial grasses, ferns, and bearded iris plants produce horizontal underground stems called _________.

Rhizomes

Which type of wood has larger xylem vessel elements?

Spring Wood

Match the type of wood to its description.

Spring Wood ----> Choice, secondary xylem with relatively large vessel elements and fewer tracheids secondary xylem with relatively large vessel elements and fewer tracheids Summer Wood ------> secondary xylem with smaller vessel elements and more tracheids

While spines are modified stipules at the base of a plant leaf, thorns are modified ______.

Stems

The term runner is sometimes used synonymously with which term?

Stolon

Swollen modified stems that store carbohydrates and are usually found on the ends of stolons and rhizomes are called ________.

Tubers

What do you call a plant that completes its life cycle in one year?

annual

Swollen underground buds with adventitious roots are called _______.

bulbs

Some plants have the ability to grow larger throughout their lifetime through ______.

indeterminate growth

Match the leaf arrangement name with the correct pattern description.

leaves arranged in a spiral along the stem ----> alternate leaves arranged in pairs along the stem ----> opposite leaves in groups of 3 or more along the stem ----> whorled

Once the water is removed, what are the main components of wood?

lignin cellulose

How many years does it take an annual plant to complete its life cycle?

one

Select the three recognizable patterns that leaves are arranged on stems.

opposite alternate whorled

The primary meristem responsible for producing xylem and phloem in stems is called the ______.

procambium

Which primary meristem gives rise to the epidermis in stems?

protoderm

Steles are cylinders of conducting tissue in stems. Match the type of stele with its description.

protostele ----> Choice, solid core of conducting tissue, typically with phloem surrounding xylem solid core of conducting tissue, typically with phloem surrounding xylem eustele -----> Choice, primary xylem and phoem arranged in vascular bundles. primary xylem and phoem arranged in vascular bundles.

Primary xylem and phloem typically form a stele in the stem. The simplest form is called a _________ , with the phloem surrounding the xylem at the core of the stem. Most plants have a _________ , in which xylem and phloem are arranged in vascular bundles.

protostele, eusteles

The most expensive boards are obtained by which sawing technique?

quartersawed

Horizontal stems with long internodes that grow along the surface of the ground are called ________.

runners or stolons

Most monocot stems do not have a vascular cambium nor cork cambium and therefore are not capable of ______.

secondary growth

Most of a corm is composed of ______ tissue.

stem

What are cladophylls?

stems that look like leaves

Modified stems that are sharp and pointy are called ______.

thorns

The procambium in stems is responsible for producing two types of tissue, the primary _________ for conducting water and primary __________ for conducting food.

xylem; phloem