BIO 2250 Chapter 11

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origin of lastissimus dorsi

(axial skeleton) T7-L5, ileum

origin of the pectoralis major

(axial skeleton) clavicle, costal cartilages of ribs 1-7

How muscles are named?

- size -shape -location -number of heads -orientation of the fibers -action

muscles of the head and neck divisions by movement

1. facial expression 2. mastication 3. acting on the head/neck

5 groups of axial muscles

1. head and neck 2. vertebral column 3. respiration 4. abdominal wall 5. pelvic floor

muscles that move the pelvic girdle and lower limb are organized into how many groups?

4

muscles that move the pectoral girdle and upper limb are divided into __________ groups

5

origin of trapezius

C7-T3/4 vertebrae and occipital

origin of rhomboideus major

T2-T5

term to describe location of muscle of the abdomen

abdominis

muscle that moves a body part away from the midline

abductor

muscle that moves a body part toward the midline

adductor

muscles of the inner thigh and move the leg toward the midline

adductor longus, adductor magnus, gracilis

these medial muscles adduct the thigh

adductor longus, adductor magnus, gracilis

long muscle that runs vertically down the medial thigh

adductor magnus

origin of buccinator

alveolar process of maxilla and mandible

all limb muscles in opposite compartments are usually _________________

antagonists

muscles of the leg that move the ankle, foot, and toes called the ______________ muscles

anterior, lateral, and posterior crural

origin of brachialis

anterior/distal humerus

control movements of pectoral and pelvic girdles

appendicular muscles

control movements of upper and lower limbs

appendicular muscles

organized into groups based on locations

appendicular muscles

2 divisions of the skeletal system

axial and appendicular

aid in breathing and support and protection of the abdominal and pelvic organs

axial muscles

have both their origins and insertions on parts of the axial skeleton

axial muscles

support the head and spinal column

axial muscles

used in facial expression, chewing, and swallowing

axial muscles

origin of the pectoral girdle

axial skeleton

muscle with 2 heads

bicep

muscle on anterior side of the upper arm

biceps brachii

flexors of the forearm

biceps brachii, brachialis, brachioradialis

muscles acting on the forearm with bellies in the arm

biceps brachii, brachialis, triceps brachii

bellies in the arm

biceps brachii, triceps brachii, and brachialis

muscles that move the knee joint/leg, are located in the posterior thigh but mainly produce extension of thigh and flexion of knee joint/leg. they are collectively called ________________

biceps femoris, semimembranosus, semitendinosus hamstrings

muscle fibers on both sides of the tendon (ex. rectus fermoris)

bipennate

term to describe location of muscle in the arm

brachii

bellies in the forearm

brachioradialis

muscle on anterior side of the forearm

brachioradialis

muscles acting on the forearm with bellies in the forearm

brachioradialis

term to describe short muscle

brevis

muscle deep in the lateral jaw area

buccinator

insertion of gastrocnemius

calcaneus by calcaneal tendon*

insertion of soleus

calcaneus by calcaneal tendon*

term to describe location of muscle in the wrist

carpi

insertion of diaphragm

central tendon

term to describe location of muscle in the neck

cervicis

muscle type which fascicles arranged in a circle; oriented around a opening or recess; contraction decreasing passageway diameter (ex. orbicularis oris)

circular muscles (sphincter muscles)

4 patterns of fascicle arrangement

circular, parallel, convergent, pennate

insertion of trapezius

clavicle and scapula

all limbs are organized into ________________, surrounded by deep fascia

compartments

origin of gastrocnemius

condyles of femur

wide spread muscle fibers over a broad area; converge on common attachment site (ex. pectoralis major)

convergent (triangular) muscles

muscle covering the top of the shoulder and arm

deltoid

scapular muscles acting on the arm

deltoid

term to describe triangular muscle

deltoid

origin of platysma

deltoid and pectoralis major

muscle that lowers a body part

depressor

possesses a central tendon onto which all of its fibers converge

diaphragm

the dome shaped muscle located in the inferior rib area that separates thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities

diaphragm

the major muscle of respiration

diaphragm

muscles of respiration

diaphragm, external intercostals, internal intercostals

term to describe location of muscle in the fingers or toes

digiti/digitorum

muscle that straightens a joint

extensor

elevates ribs during inhalation

external intercostals

abdominal muscle whose fibers run obliquely from superior/lateral to inferior/medial

external oblique

most superficial lateral muscle; directed inferomedial

external oblique

muscles of the abdominal wall superficial to deep

external oblique, internal oblique, transversus abdominis

term to describe location of muscle in the thigh/femur area

femoris

insertion of adductor longus

femur

insertion of adductor magnus

femur

origin of vastus intermedius

femur

origin of vastus medialis

femur

insertion of semimembranosus

femur, tibia

insertion of biceps femoris

fibula

term to describe location of muscle in the fibula area

fibularis (peroneus)

if you touch the outside of your lower leg, which muscle are you touching?

fibularis longus

muscle of the lateral leg that are powerful evertors of the foot and weak plantar flexors

fibularis longus

muscle that decreases the angle of a joint

flexor

frontal belly of occipitofrontalis

frontalis

origin of frontalis

galea (epicranial) aponeurotica

insertion of occipitalis

galea aponeurotica

muscles of the back of the lower leg, in order superficial to deep

gastrocnemius soleus fibularis longus tibialis posterior

muscles of the posterior leg that mostly plantar flex the foot at the ankle

gastrocnemius (calf) and soleus

largest buttock muscle

gluteus maximus

muscles of the posterior thigh; these muscles extend and rotate the hip joint/thigh. (lateral and posterior muscles of the hip)

gluteus maximus, gluteus medius, gluteus minimus

buttock muscles superficial to deep

gluteus maximus, medius, minimus

smallest buttock muscle

gluteus minimus

origin of vastus lateralis

greater trochanter

insertion of gluteus medius and minimus

greater trochanter of femur

insertion of deltoid

humerus

insertion of pectoralis major

humerus

insertion of the latissimus dorsi

humerus

origin of internal oblique

iliac crest

origin of transverse abdominis

iliac crest, last 6 ribs

origin of gluteus maximus

iliac crest, sacrum, coccyx

the tensor fasciae latae attaches to the __________________ , which extends from the iliac crest to the lateral condyle of the tibia

iliotibial tract (IT band)

origin of gluteus medius and minimus

ilium

origin of rectus femoris

ilium

origin of sartorius

ilium

origin of tensor fasciae latae

ilium

insertion of internal intercostals

inferior margins of rib above

origin of external intercostals

inferior margins of ribs 1-11

the point of muscle attachment on the movable end

insertion

term to describe location of muscle between the ribs

intercostal

two muscles located between ribs

internal and external intercostals

depresses ribs during forced exhalation

internal intercostals

abdominal muscle whose fibers run obliquely from superior/medial to inferior/lateral

internal oblique

middle of the three lateral muscles; directed at right angle to the external oblique

internal oblique

origin of semimembranosus

ischium

origin of semitendinosus

ischium

origin of biceps femoris

ischium, femur

insertion of internal oblique

last 3-4 ribs

insertion of brachioradialis

lateral distal radius

origin of brachioradialis

lateral humerus

superficial muscle of the lower back

latissimus dorsi

insertion of psoas major

lesser trochanter of femur

muscle that raises a body part

levator

muscle deep to the trapezius

levator scapulae

connective tissue running vertically between the rectus abdominous muscles

linea alba

insertion of transverse abdominis

linea alba and pubis

term to describe longest muscle

longissimus

term to describe long muscle

longus

origin of external oblique

lower 8 ribs

insertion of platysma

lower face area

origin of psoas major

lumbar vertebrae

term to describe large muscle

major

insertion of masseter

mandible

insertion of temporalis

mandible

muscle superficial in the lateral jaw area

masseter

muscles of mastication

masseter and temporalis

term to describe larger or largest muscle

maximus

insertion of fibularis longus

medial cuneiform and 1st metatarsal

insertion of the tibialis anterior

medial cuneiform and 1st metatarsal

insertion of gracilis

medial proximal tibia

term to describe smallest muscle

minimus

branches of tendon within the muscle (ex. deltoid)

multipennate

these muscles have their origin in the superficial fascia or on the skull. They insert into the superficial fascia of the skin.

muscles of facial expression

compresses and holds abdominal organs in place; flexes and stabilizes the vertebral column

muscles of the abdominal wall

laterally flex vertebral column when unilaterally contracted

muscles of the abdominal wall

rotates vertebral column to opposite side of contracting muscle

muscles of the abdominal wall

all of these muscles insert on the humerus and cause movement of the arm

muscles that move the glenohumeral joint/arm

slanted muscle in the abdomen

oblique

origin of occipitalis

occipital and temporal bone

muscle located in the posterior/inferior portion of the head near the occipital bone

occipital belly of occipitofrontalis

occipital belly of occipitofrontalis

occipitalis

muscle circular around the eye

orbicularis oculi

muscle located superior to the orbits

orbicularis oculi

insertion of buccinator

orbicularis oris

muscle circular around the mouth

orbicularis oris

the point of muscle attachment on the stationary end

origin

muscle type in which fascicles run parallel along length of muscle (ex. rectus abdominis)

parallel muscle

origin of temporalis

parietal bone

insertion of rectus femoris

patella and tibia

insertion of vastus intermedius

patella and tibia

insertion of vastus lateralis

patella and tibia

insertion of vastus medialis

patella and tibia

term to describe location of muscle in the chest

pectoralis

axial muscles acting on the arm

pectoralis major and latissimus dorsi

muscles that move the glenohumeral (shoulder) joint/arm

pectoralis major, latissimus dorsi, and deltoid

Muscle deep to pectoralis major

pectoralis minor

anterior group of muscles that move the pectoral girdle (shoulder)

pectoralis minor and serratus anterior

muscles function to stabilize the scapula during vigorous activities of the upper limb. (muscles that move the pectoral girdle)

pectoralis minor, serratus anterior, trapezius, rhomboideus major

insertion of external oblique

pelvic bones

muscle type resembling a feather; fascicles arranged at oblique angle to the tendon

pennate muscles

muscle covering the superficial anterior neck area

platysma

muscle that turns palm to face posterior or downward

pronator

origin of fibularis longus

proximal fibula

origin of the tibialis anterior

proximal tibia

origin of soleus

proximal tibia and fibula

anterior muscle of the hip

psoas major

muscle on the anterior of the pelvic bone

psoas major

these anterior muscles flex the hip joint/thigh

psoas major and sartorius

origin of adductor longus

pubis

origin of adductor magnus

pubis

origin of gracilis

pubis

origin of rectus abdominous

pubis

muscle with 4 heads

quadriceps

insertion of biceps brachii

radius

straight muscle in abdomen

rectus

abdominal muscle whose fibers run straight down the middle of the body

rectus abdominis

anterior muscle connecting the sternum to the pubic bone; divided into four muscle segments

rectus abdominis

muscles of the abdominal wall

rectus abdominis, external oblique, internal oblique, transverse abdominis

muscles the move the knee joint/leg; muscles of the anterior thigh cause extension of the knee joint/leg. they are collectively called _________________

rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, vastus intermedius quadriceps femoris

rectus abdominis enclosed within the ________________ connected by ________________

rectus sheath; linea alba

term to describe rhomboidal shape muscle

rhomboideus

origin of serratus anterior

ribs 1-8 (nearly ALL ribs)

origin of pectoralis minor

ribs 3-5

anterior compartment of the thigh

sartorius

muscle that crosses the anterior thigh, the longest muscle

sartorius

insertion of pectoralis minor

scapula

insertion of rhomboideus major

scapula

insertion of serratus anterior

scapula

origin of biceps brachii

scapula

insertion of the pectoral girdle

scapula and clavicle

origin of deltoid

scapula and clavicle

origin of triceps brachii

scapula and humerus

all limbs house functionally related __________________

skeletal muscles

insertion of frontalis

skin of eyebrows

large superficial muscle on the lateral sides of the neck

sternocleidomastoid

muscles that act on the head and neck

sternocleidomastoid, trapezius

origin of sternocleidomastoid

sternum and clavicle

insertion of rectus abdominis

sternum and ribs

origin of diaphragm

sternum, ribs, and vertebrae

insertion of external intercostals

superior margins of next lower rib

origin of internal intercostals

superior margins of ribs 2-12

muscle that turns palm to face anterior or upward

supinator

insertion of sternocleidomastoid

temporal bone

muscle covering the temporal bone

temporalis

muscle on the lateral sides of head, above the ear

temporalis

connective tissue running horizontally between the rectus abdominous muscles

tendinous intersections

rectus abdominis is partitioned into four segments by _________

tendinous intersections

muscle of the lateral thigh that abducts and medially rotates the thigh

tensor fasciae latae

muscle on the lateral upper thigh with a very long tendon

tensor fasciae latae (IT band is the tendon)

term to describe location of muscle in the thorax

thoracis

insertion of sartorius

tibia

insertion of semitendinosus

tibia

insertion of tensor fasciae latae

tibia

insertion of gluteus maximus

tibia, femur

if you touch the front of your lower leg, which muscle are you touching?

tibialis anterior

muscles of the anterior leg that mainly dorsiflex the foot and extend the toes

tibialis anterior

deepest of three lateral muscles; directed horizontally

transverse abdominis

transverse (horizontal) muscle in the abdomen

transversus

superficial muscle of the upper back; can also be seen on the anterior sides of the neck

trapezius

term to describe trapezoidal muscle

trapezius

posterior group of muscles that move the pectoral girdle (shoulder)

trapezius and rhomboideus major

muscle with 3 heads

triceps

extensors of the forearm

triceps brachii

muscle on posterior side of the upper arm

triceps brachii

insertion of brachialis

ulna

insertion of triceps brachii

ulna

all fibers on same side of tendon (ex. extensor digitorum)

unipennate

3 types of pennate muscles

unipennate, bipennate, multipennate

origin of masseter

zygomatic arch


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