BIO 2250 Chapter 11
origin of lastissimus dorsi
(axial skeleton) T7-L5, ileum
origin of the pectoralis major
(axial skeleton) clavicle, costal cartilages of ribs 1-7
How muscles are named?
- size -shape -location -number of heads -orientation of the fibers -action
muscles of the head and neck divisions by movement
1. facial expression 2. mastication 3. acting on the head/neck
5 groups of axial muscles
1. head and neck 2. vertebral column 3. respiration 4. abdominal wall 5. pelvic floor
muscles that move the pelvic girdle and lower limb are organized into how many groups?
4
muscles that move the pectoral girdle and upper limb are divided into __________ groups
5
origin of trapezius
C7-T3/4 vertebrae and occipital
origin of rhomboideus major
T2-T5
term to describe location of muscle of the abdomen
abdominis
muscle that moves a body part away from the midline
abductor
muscle that moves a body part toward the midline
adductor
muscles of the inner thigh and move the leg toward the midline
adductor longus, adductor magnus, gracilis
these medial muscles adduct the thigh
adductor longus, adductor magnus, gracilis
long muscle that runs vertically down the medial thigh
adductor magnus
origin of buccinator
alveolar process of maxilla and mandible
all limb muscles in opposite compartments are usually _________________
antagonists
muscles of the leg that move the ankle, foot, and toes called the ______________ muscles
anterior, lateral, and posterior crural
origin of brachialis
anterior/distal humerus
control movements of pectoral and pelvic girdles
appendicular muscles
control movements of upper and lower limbs
appendicular muscles
organized into groups based on locations
appendicular muscles
2 divisions of the skeletal system
axial and appendicular
aid in breathing and support and protection of the abdominal and pelvic organs
axial muscles
have both their origins and insertions on parts of the axial skeleton
axial muscles
support the head and spinal column
axial muscles
used in facial expression, chewing, and swallowing
axial muscles
origin of the pectoral girdle
axial skeleton
muscle with 2 heads
bicep
muscle on anterior side of the upper arm
biceps brachii
flexors of the forearm
biceps brachii, brachialis, brachioradialis
muscles acting on the forearm with bellies in the arm
biceps brachii, brachialis, triceps brachii
bellies in the arm
biceps brachii, triceps brachii, and brachialis
muscles that move the knee joint/leg, are located in the posterior thigh but mainly produce extension of thigh and flexion of knee joint/leg. they are collectively called ________________
biceps femoris, semimembranosus, semitendinosus hamstrings
muscle fibers on both sides of the tendon (ex. rectus fermoris)
bipennate
term to describe location of muscle in the arm
brachii
bellies in the forearm
brachioradialis
muscle on anterior side of the forearm
brachioradialis
muscles acting on the forearm with bellies in the forearm
brachioradialis
term to describe short muscle
brevis
muscle deep in the lateral jaw area
buccinator
insertion of gastrocnemius
calcaneus by calcaneal tendon*
insertion of soleus
calcaneus by calcaneal tendon*
term to describe location of muscle in the wrist
carpi
insertion of diaphragm
central tendon
term to describe location of muscle in the neck
cervicis
muscle type which fascicles arranged in a circle; oriented around a opening or recess; contraction decreasing passageway diameter (ex. orbicularis oris)
circular muscles (sphincter muscles)
4 patterns of fascicle arrangement
circular, parallel, convergent, pennate
insertion of trapezius
clavicle and scapula
all limbs are organized into ________________, surrounded by deep fascia
compartments
origin of gastrocnemius
condyles of femur
wide spread muscle fibers over a broad area; converge on common attachment site (ex. pectoralis major)
convergent (triangular) muscles
muscle covering the top of the shoulder and arm
deltoid
scapular muscles acting on the arm
deltoid
term to describe triangular muscle
deltoid
origin of platysma
deltoid and pectoralis major
muscle that lowers a body part
depressor
possesses a central tendon onto which all of its fibers converge
diaphragm
the dome shaped muscle located in the inferior rib area that separates thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities
diaphragm
the major muscle of respiration
diaphragm
muscles of respiration
diaphragm, external intercostals, internal intercostals
term to describe location of muscle in the fingers or toes
digiti/digitorum
muscle that straightens a joint
extensor
elevates ribs during inhalation
external intercostals
abdominal muscle whose fibers run obliquely from superior/lateral to inferior/medial
external oblique
most superficial lateral muscle; directed inferomedial
external oblique
muscles of the abdominal wall superficial to deep
external oblique, internal oblique, transversus abdominis
term to describe location of muscle in the thigh/femur area
femoris
insertion of adductor longus
femur
insertion of adductor magnus
femur
origin of vastus intermedius
femur
origin of vastus medialis
femur
insertion of semimembranosus
femur, tibia
insertion of biceps femoris
fibula
term to describe location of muscle in the fibula area
fibularis (peroneus)
if you touch the outside of your lower leg, which muscle are you touching?
fibularis longus
muscle of the lateral leg that are powerful evertors of the foot and weak plantar flexors
fibularis longus
muscle that decreases the angle of a joint
flexor
frontal belly of occipitofrontalis
frontalis
origin of frontalis
galea (epicranial) aponeurotica
insertion of occipitalis
galea aponeurotica
muscles of the back of the lower leg, in order superficial to deep
gastrocnemius soleus fibularis longus tibialis posterior
muscles of the posterior leg that mostly plantar flex the foot at the ankle
gastrocnemius (calf) and soleus
largest buttock muscle
gluteus maximus
muscles of the posterior thigh; these muscles extend and rotate the hip joint/thigh. (lateral and posterior muscles of the hip)
gluteus maximus, gluteus medius, gluteus minimus
buttock muscles superficial to deep
gluteus maximus, medius, minimus
smallest buttock muscle
gluteus minimus
origin of vastus lateralis
greater trochanter
insertion of gluteus medius and minimus
greater trochanter of femur
insertion of deltoid
humerus
insertion of pectoralis major
humerus
insertion of the latissimus dorsi
humerus
origin of internal oblique
iliac crest
origin of transverse abdominis
iliac crest, last 6 ribs
origin of gluteus maximus
iliac crest, sacrum, coccyx
the tensor fasciae latae attaches to the __________________ , which extends from the iliac crest to the lateral condyle of the tibia
iliotibial tract (IT band)
origin of gluteus medius and minimus
ilium
origin of rectus femoris
ilium
origin of sartorius
ilium
origin of tensor fasciae latae
ilium
insertion of internal intercostals
inferior margins of rib above
origin of external intercostals
inferior margins of ribs 1-11
the point of muscle attachment on the movable end
insertion
term to describe location of muscle between the ribs
intercostal
two muscles located between ribs
internal and external intercostals
depresses ribs during forced exhalation
internal intercostals
abdominal muscle whose fibers run obliquely from superior/medial to inferior/lateral
internal oblique
middle of the three lateral muscles; directed at right angle to the external oblique
internal oblique
origin of semimembranosus
ischium
origin of semitendinosus
ischium
origin of biceps femoris
ischium, femur
insertion of internal oblique
last 3-4 ribs
insertion of brachioradialis
lateral distal radius
origin of brachioradialis
lateral humerus
superficial muscle of the lower back
latissimus dorsi
insertion of psoas major
lesser trochanter of femur
muscle that raises a body part
levator
muscle deep to the trapezius
levator scapulae
connective tissue running vertically between the rectus abdominous muscles
linea alba
insertion of transverse abdominis
linea alba and pubis
term to describe longest muscle
longissimus
term to describe long muscle
longus
origin of external oblique
lower 8 ribs
insertion of platysma
lower face area
origin of psoas major
lumbar vertebrae
term to describe large muscle
major
insertion of masseter
mandible
insertion of temporalis
mandible
muscle superficial in the lateral jaw area
masseter
muscles of mastication
masseter and temporalis
term to describe larger or largest muscle
maximus
insertion of fibularis longus
medial cuneiform and 1st metatarsal
insertion of the tibialis anterior
medial cuneiform and 1st metatarsal
insertion of gracilis
medial proximal tibia
term to describe smallest muscle
minimus
branches of tendon within the muscle (ex. deltoid)
multipennate
these muscles have their origin in the superficial fascia or on the skull. They insert into the superficial fascia of the skin.
muscles of facial expression
compresses and holds abdominal organs in place; flexes and stabilizes the vertebral column
muscles of the abdominal wall
laterally flex vertebral column when unilaterally contracted
muscles of the abdominal wall
rotates vertebral column to opposite side of contracting muscle
muscles of the abdominal wall
all of these muscles insert on the humerus and cause movement of the arm
muscles that move the glenohumeral joint/arm
slanted muscle in the abdomen
oblique
origin of occipitalis
occipital and temporal bone
muscle located in the posterior/inferior portion of the head near the occipital bone
occipital belly of occipitofrontalis
occipital belly of occipitofrontalis
occipitalis
muscle circular around the eye
orbicularis oculi
muscle located superior to the orbits
orbicularis oculi
insertion of buccinator
orbicularis oris
muscle circular around the mouth
orbicularis oris
the point of muscle attachment on the stationary end
origin
muscle type in which fascicles run parallel along length of muscle (ex. rectus abdominis)
parallel muscle
origin of temporalis
parietal bone
insertion of rectus femoris
patella and tibia
insertion of vastus intermedius
patella and tibia
insertion of vastus lateralis
patella and tibia
insertion of vastus medialis
patella and tibia
term to describe location of muscle in the chest
pectoralis
axial muscles acting on the arm
pectoralis major and latissimus dorsi
muscles that move the glenohumeral (shoulder) joint/arm
pectoralis major, latissimus dorsi, and deltoid
Muscle deep to pectoralis major
pectoralis minor
anterior group of muscles that move the pectoral girdle (shoulder)
pectoralis minor and serratus anterior
muscles function to stabilize the scapula during vigorous activities of the upper limb. (muscles that move the pectoral girdle)
pectoralis minor, serratus anterior, trapezius, rhomboideus major
insertion of external oblique
pelvic bones
muscle type resembling a feather; fascicles arranged at oblique angle to the tendon
pennate muscles
muscle covering the superficial anterior neck area
platysma
muscle that turns palm to face posterior or downward
pronator
origin of fibularis longus
proximal fibula
origin of the tibialis anterior
proximal tibia
origin of soleus
proximal tibia and fibula
anterior muscle of the hip
psoas major
muscle on the anterior of the pelvic bone
psoas major
these anterior muscles flex the hip joint/thigh
psoas major and sartorius
origin of adductor longus
pubis
origin of adductor magnus
pubis
origin of gracilis
pubis
origin of rectus abdominous
pubis
muscle with 4 heads
quadriceps
insertion of biceps brachii
radius
straight muscle in abdomen
rectus
abdominal muscle whose fibers run straight down the middle of the body
rectus abdominis
anterior muscle connecting the sternum to the pubic bone; divided into four muscle segments
rectus abdominis
muscles of the abdominal wall
rectus abdominis, external oblique, internal oblique, transverse abdominis
muscles the move the knee joint/leg; muscles of the anterior thigh cause extension of the knee joint/leg. they are collectively called _________________
rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, vastus intermedius quadriceps femoris
rectus abdominis enclosed within the ________________ connected by ________________
rectus sheath; linea alba
term to describe rhomboidal shape muscle
rhomboideus
origin of serratus anterior
ribs 1-8 (nearly ALL ribs)
origin of pectoralis minor
ribs 3-5
anterior compartment of the thigh
sartorius
muscle that crosses the anterior thigh, the longest muscle
sartorius
insertion of pectoralis minor
scapula
insertion of rhomboideus major
scapula
insertion of serratus anterior
scapula
origin of biceps brachii
scapula
insertion of the pectoral girdle
scapula and clavicle
origin of deltoid
scapula and clavicle
origin of triceps brachii
scapula and humerus
all limbs house functionally related __________________
skeletal muscles
insertion of frontalis
skin of eyebrows
large superficial muscle on the lateral sides of the neck
sternocleidomastoid
muscles that act on the head and neck
sternocleidomastoid, trapezius
origin of sternocleidomastoid
sternum and clavicle
insertion of rectus abdominis
sternum and ribs
origin of diaphragm
sternum, ribs, and vertebrae
insertion of external intercostals
superior margins of next lower rib
origin of internal intercostals
superior margins of ribs 2-12
muscle that turns palm to face anterior or upward
supinator
insertion of sternocleidomastoid
temporal bone
muscle covering the temporal bone
temporalis
muscle on the lateral sides of head, above the ear
temporalis
connective tissue running horizontally between the rectus abdominous muscles
tendinous intersections
rectus abdominis is partitioned into four segments by _________
tendinous intersections
muscle of the lateral thigh that abducts and medially rotates the thigh
tensor fasciae latae
muscle on the lateral upper thigh with a very long tendon
tensor fasciae latae (IT band is the tendon)
term to describe location of muscle in the thorax
thoracis
insertion of sartorius
tibia
insertion of semitendinosus
tibia
insertion of tensor fasciae latae
tibia
insertion of gluteus maximus
tibia, femur
if you touch the front of your lower leg, which muscle are you touching?
tibialis anterior
muscles of the anterior leg that mainly dorsiflex the foot and extend the toes
tibialis anterior
deepest of three lateral muscles; directed horizontally
transverse abdominis
transverse (horizontal) muscle in the abdomen
transversus
superficial muscle of the upper back; can also be seen on the anterior sides of the neck
trapezius
term to describe trapezoidal muscle
trapezius
posterior group of muscles that move the pectoral girdle (shoulder)
trapezius and rhomboideus major
muscle with 3 heads
triceps
extensors of the forearm
triceps brachii
muscle on posterior side of the upper arm
triceps brachii
insertion of brachialis
ulna
insertion of triceps brachii
ulna
all fibers on same side of tendon (ex. extensor digitorum)
unipennate
3 types of pennate muscles
unipennate, bipennate, multipennate
origin of masseter
zygomatic arch
