Botany Practical 2

Thorns are obtained from shoots. Spines are obtained from leaves and prickles are derived from the epidermis. They all are related to anti-herbivore defense mechanisms of plants.

Differentiate between spine, thorn, and prickle.

Eudicot

Is this stem vascular bundle from a monocotor a eudicot?

Dicot Root; Prostele

Monocot or Dicot? If dicot, specify stele.

Dicot Stem; Eustele

Monocot or Dicot? If dicot, specify stele.

Monocot Stem; Atactostele

Monocot or Dicot? If dicot, specify stele.

netted

Netted or parallel venation?

parallel

Netted or parallel venation?

Collenchyma

Parenchyma, sclerenchyma, or collenchyma?

Parenchyma

Parenchyma, sclerenchyma, or collenchyma?

Sclerenchyma

Parenchyma, sclerenchyma, or collenchyma?

Sclerenchyma (stone cells)

Parenchyma, sclerenchyma, or collenchyma?

Low

Are all pine leaves adapted to high, moderate, or low water?

Compound

Simple or compound?

Simple

Simple or compound?

simple

Simple or compound?

ground tissues (tissues that are not vascular or dermal)

The ground meristem gives rise to __________.

Apical meristem (of the apical bud)

The primary meristem is derived from _________.

primary vascular tissue (xylem and phloem)

The procambium gives rise to __________.

epidermis

The protoderm gives rise to __________.

Leaf Primordium

This is a Coleus stem tip. What is the structure labeled A?

Ground Meristem

This is a Coleus stem tip. What is the structure labeled C?

Bud Primordium

This is a Coleus stem tip. What is the structure labeled D?

Leaf Trace Gap

This is a Coleus stem tip. What is the structure labeled E?

Node

This is a Coleus stem tip. What is the structure labeled F?

Leaf Trace

This is a Coleus stem tip. What is the structure labeled G?

Protoderm

This is a Coleus stem tip. What is the structure labeled H?

Xenophitic

This is a _____ leaf.

Primary phloem fibers (sclerenchyma)

This is a cross section of an Alfalfa stem. It is a eudicot plant. What structure is A pointing to?

Stoma

This is a cross section of an Alfalfa stem. It is a eudicot plant. What structure is B pointing to?

Primary phloem (sugar)

This is a cross section of an Alfalfa stem. It is a eudicot plant. What structure is C pointing to?

Collenchyma

This is a cross section of an Alfalfa stem. It is a eudicot plant. What structure is D pointing to?

Parenchyma

This is a cross section of an Alfalfa stem. It is a eudicot plant. What structure is E pointing to?

Epidermis

This is a cross section of an Alfalfa stem. It is a eudicot plant. What structure is F pointing to?

Interfascicular cambium

This is a cross section of an Alfalfa stem. It is a eudicot plant. What structure is G pointing to?

Primary xylem

This is a cross section of an Alfalfa stem. It is a eudicot plant. What structure is H pointing to?

Fascicular cambium

This is a cross section of an Alfalfa stem. It is a eudicot plant. What structure is I pointing to?

Pith

This is a cross section of an Alfalfa stem. It is a eudicot plant. What structure is J pointing to?

Cuticle

This is a transverse section of an oleander leaf. What is structure A?

Vein

This is a transverse section of an oleander leaf. What is structure B?

Upper multiple epidermis

This is a transverse section of an oleander leaf. What is structure C?

Xylem

This is a transverse section of s lilac leaf. What structure is A?

Bundle sheath

This is a transverse section of s lilac leaf. What structure is B?

Palisade parenchyma

This is a transverse section of s lilac leaf. What structure is C?

upper epidermis

This is a transverse section of s lilac leaf. What structure is D?

lower epidermis

This is a transverse section of s lilac leaf. What structure is E?

stoma

This is a transverse section of s lilac leaf. What structure is F?

phloem

This is a transverse section of s lilac leaf. What structure is G?

tichome

This is a transverse section of s lilac leaf. What structure is H?

spongy parenchyma

This is a transverse section of s lilac leaf. What structure is I?

Sieve element

This is a vascular bundle from a corn stem. What structure is A pointing to?

companion cell

This is a vascular bundle from a corn stem. What structure is B pointing to?

Metaxylem vessel

This is a vascular bundle from a corn stem. What structure is C and D pointing to?

sclerenchyma sheath

This is a vascular bundle from a corn stem. What structure is E pointing to?

space (protoxylem lacuna)

This is a vascular bundle from a corn stem. What structure is F pointing to?

It is a large, bubble-haped epidermal cells that are located on the upper surface of leaves in monocots.

What is a bulliform cell?

Collenchyma cells mainly form supporting tissue. They are found mainly in the cortex of stems and in leaves.

What is collenchyma's function and where is it located?

Parenchyma tissue makes up most of the pith and cortex of trees, the photosynthetic tissue in leaves, the pulp of fruits, and the endosperm of many seeds.

What is parenchyma's function, and where is it located?

The major function of sclerenchyma is support. Unlike collenchyma, mature cells of this tissue are generally dead and have thick walls containing lignin. Their size, shape, and structure vary greatly.

What is sclerenchyma's function, and where is it located?

The fascicular region is located between the xylem and phloem of a vascular bundle, and is primary meristem and then transformed into secondary meristem. Whereas, the interfascicular region is the space between two vascular bundles, and it is secondary meristem.

What is the difference between fascicular and interfascicular regions?

alternate

What kind of leaf attachment (Phyllotaxy) is this?

opposite

What kind of leaf attachment (Phyllotaxy) is this?

whorled

What kind of leaf attachment (Phyllotaxy) is this?

Sessile

What kind of leaf morphology?

Palmately netted venation

What kind of venation netting?

Pinnately netted venation

What kind of venation netting?

Bi-Pinnately Compound

What leaf structure is this?

Bud scales (Cataphylls) of woody plants; pear tree

What modified leaf is this, and give an example of a plant that has it.

Climbing leaves (Tendrils); Squash, Peas

What modified leaf is this, and give an example of a plant that has it.

Floral leaves (Bracts); Poinsettia, Dogwood

What modified leaf is this, and give an example of a plant that has it.

Insect-Trapping leaves; pitcher plants, sundews, venus flytrap, bladderworts

What modified leaf is this, and give an example of a plant that has it.

Needle leaves; Pine

What modified leaf is this, and give an example of a plant that has it.

Reproductive leaves; Mother of Millions

What modified leaf is this, and give an example of a plant that has it.

Scale or Awl-like leaves; Cedars

What modified leaf is this, and give an example of a plant that has it.

Storage leaves; aloe, other succulents

What modified leaf is this, and give an example of a plant that has it.

Storage leaves; onion

What modified leaf is this, and give an example of a plant that has it.

Window leaves; Window Plant

What modified leaf is this, and give an example of a plant that has it.

Bulb; garlic, onion, tulip

What modified stem is this, and give an example of a plant that has it.

Cladophyll; christmas cactus, alligator pear cactus, butcher's broom

What modified stem is this, and give an example of a plant that has it.

Corm; gladiolus, crocus, taro

What modified stem is this, and give an example of a plant that has it.

Prickle; rose

What modified stem is this, and give an example of a plant that has it.

Psedobulb; orchid

What modified stem is this, and give an example of a plant that has it.

Runner or stolon; strawberry, grasses

What modified stem is this, and give an example of a plant that has it.

Tendrils; grape, boston ivy, virginia creeper

What modified stem is this, and give an example of a plant that has it.

Thorn; honey locust, hawthorn

What modified stem is this, and give an example of a plant that has it.

Tuber; irish potato, artichoke

What modified stem is this, and give an example of a plant that has it.

Rhizome; Iris, ginger

What modified stem is this, and give an example of a plant that has it?

location of axial bud

What would you need to know to determine if this is several simple leaves or one compound leaf?

Acute

When differentiating leaves, we look at the apex (tip). What kind of apex is A?

Truncate

When differentiating leaves, we look at the apex (tip). What kind of apex is B?

Apiculate

When differentiating leaves, we look at the apex (tip). What kind of apex is C?

Cordate

When differentiating leaves, we look at the base. What kind of base is A?

Truncate

When differentiating leaves, we look at the base. What kind of base is B?

Acute

When differentiating leaves, we look at the base. What kind of base is C?

Entire

When differentiating leaves, we look at the margin (edge). What kind of margin is A?

Serrate

When differentiating leaves, we look at the margin (edge). What kind of margin is B?

Dentate

When differentiating leaves, we look at the margin (edge). What kind of margin is C?

B

Which is the stele type of dicot stems?

B. Bulliform cell

Which structure is responsible for opening and closing the leaf via turgor pressure?