Bottled Water

Is bottled water safer than tap water?

- depends on where you are. most bottled water is packaged tap water. - in the us tap water is more strictly regulated than bottled water

the ___ equation explains how population pressure is not the only factor that drives bottled water consumption

IPAT

bottled water is marketed as

clean and environmentally friendly

bottled water has been around for thousands of years, but only recently has been privatized and turned into a ___

commodity

sold for profit means a

commodity

Most water around the world has been seen as a

common property resource

a _____ shows the environmental impacts in terms of: - fossil fuels used to make and transport the bottles - bottles discarded improperly or in landfills

life cycle analysis

there is a lot of fresh water available on earth, but it is not

evenly distributed and is sometimes very polluted

lack of water due to climatological and hydrological factors

hydrological scarcity

often mitigated with affluence and technology

hydrological scarcity

companies produce too much of a product or too many choices, so they have to create demand through marketing and packaging

overproduction

in affluent regions, bottled water consumption is associated with

perceptual scarcity

water is perceived to be scarce or hazardous even where there is widespread availability of potable water

perceptual scarcity

water is appropriated and turned from a common source into a commodity, then sold back to people for profit

primitive accumulation

___ could determine if bottled water is safer than tap water, or if it is a matter of ___

risk assessment; risk perception

municipal water providers could use ____ to inform people about the safety of public water supplies

risk communication

in developing countries, bottled water is used to replace supplies that are becoming ___, ___, or ___

scarce, polluted, or privatized

lack of water due to lack of infrastructure (pipes) or treatment

techno-economic scarcity

often occurs in rapidly urbanizing, underdeveloped areas

techno-economic scarcity

- hydrological - techno-economic - perceptual

types of water scarcity

reasons for bottled water consumption

vary by location

bottled water has traditionally been identified with __ and __

wealth and health