Brain Structure
Cortex
Brain areas where neurons are organized into thin, layered "sheets
Motor Homunculus
Brain map follows body map
Fascicles
Bundles of fibers
Spinal Cord
Cervical Thoracic Lumbar Sacral A collection of neurons that run from the base of the brain down the back
Ventricles
Comparatively large spaces filled with cerebrospinal fluid. Of the 4, 3 are located in the forebrain and one in the brain stem. The 2 largest are symmetrically placed above the brainstem, one in each hemisphere
Brainstem
Connects the cerebrum to the spinal cord
Arachnoid
Consists of simple squamous epithelium, the arachnoid membrane, adhering to the inside of the dura, and a loose mesh of collagenous and elastic fibers spanning the gap between the arachnoid membrane and pia mater.
Fissure
(anatomy) a long narrow slit or groove that divides an organ into lobes
Lobe
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Pons
A brain structure that relays information from the cerebellum to the rest of the brain
Hippocampus
A neural center that is located in the limbic system; helps process explicit memories for storage
Tectum
A part of the midbrain that orients an organism in the environment.
Coronal
A plane that divides a structure into anterior and posterior parts
Midbrain
A small part of the brain above the pons that integrates sensory information and relays it upward
Cerebrospinal Fluid
Acts as a liquid shock absorber protecting the delicate brain and spinal cord and removes metabolic waste products
Medulla
An extension of the spinal cord into the skull that coordinates heart rate, circulation, and respiration.
Horizontal
Divides the body into superior and inferior planes
Views of the Brain
Dorsal Ventral Rostral Caudal
Divisions of the Central Nervous System
Forebrain- Prosencephalon- Telencephalon (Cerebral Cortex, and Basal Ganglia) Diencephalon (Thalamus, Hypothalamus) MidBrain- Mesencephalon- Mesencephalon- Tectum HindBrain- Rhombencephalon- Metencephalon- Cerebellum & Pons Myellencephalon- Medulla Oblongata Spinal Cord
Lateral Ventricle
Full of cerebrospinal fluid under corpus collusum (2) beneath the corpus callosum in both hemispheres; open into the Third ventrile through the interventricular foramen
Pituitary Gland
Gland that secretes hormones to regulate body functions, Regulated by the Hypothalamus , Master Gland regulates other glands
Sulcus
Groove/Valley A furrow on the brain, less deep than a fissure
Basal Ganglia
Group of Nuclei involved in with motor function Caudate Putamen Globulus Pallidus Substantia Nigra A set of subcortical structures that directs intentional movements.
Cerebellum
In charge of motor functions, A large structure of the hindbrain that controls fine motor skills.
Pia Mater
Inner layer of meninges; intimately attached to brain following contours; carries small blood vessels to nourish underlying nervous tissue;
Saggital
Is a vertical plane that divides the body into right and left parts.
Hemisphere
Left and Right Hemispheres
Know Anatomy of Brain
Lobes- Frontal, Parietal, Temporal, Occipital Sulci- Calcarine Sulcus(Occipital and Parietal), Lateral Sulcus (Temporal and Frontal/Parietal) - Central Sulcus (Frontal and Parietal) Cerebellum Brainstem- Midbrain, Pons, Medulla Oblongata Corpus Collosum Thalamus Hypothalamus Piriform Cortex Hippocampus
Superior colliculus
Located in the Midbrain. Controls involuntary eye movements and the targeting of the eyes
Inferior colliculus
Lower bumps at the top of the midbrain, part of the auditory system, integrates head movement and auditory information
Dura Mater
Most external and toughest of the three membranes (meninges) covering the brain and spina
White Matter
Myelinated Neuronal portions of the brain and spinal cord
Grey Matter
Non-myelinated neural portions of the brain and spinal cord
Hypothalamus
Regulates normal body functions, behaviors and actions: consists of several nuclei , A structure found near the base of the forebrain that is involved in the regulation of basic biological needs.
Thalamus
Relays sensory information about the body to the cortex A structure in the forebrain through which all sensory information (except smell) must pass to get to the cerebral cortex.
Gyrus
Ridge , A ridged or raised portion of a convoluted brain surface.
Talairach
Talairach coordinates are a coordinate system that creates a horizontal plane between two points in the brain, thereby making brain structures easy (easier) to locate and identify
Cytoarchitecture
The arrangement of neuronal cell bodies in various parts of the brain.
Brocas Area
controls language expression-area of the frontal lobe in left hemisphere that directs muscle movements invloved in speech
Wernickes Area
controls language reception-a brain area involved in language comprehension and expression;usually in the left temporal lobe
Sub Arachnoid Space
deep to arachnoid mater. filled with cerebrospinal fluid. bathes spinal cord and brain. purpose to protect spinal cord and brain. Principal arteries of spinal cord live here.
Phrenology
localization of mental faculties based features of the skull. This idea was popular, but wackadoodle nonetheless Determining personality based on the pattern of bumps on the head.
Piriform Cortex
most likely involved in perceiving overlapping odors
Nuclei
roughly circumscribed groups of cell bodies
Penduncles
thick bundles of fibers that connect big parts of the brain to other big parts of the brain, information highways
Stereotaxic Apparatus
uses landmarks on the skull (bony ridges and hollows) serve as reference points Victor Horsely