Brain Structure

Cortex

Brain areas where neurons are organized into thin, layered "sheets

Motor Homunculus

Brain map follows body map

Fascicles

Bundles of fibers

Spinal Cord

Cervical Thoracic Lumbar Sacral A collection of neurons that run from the base of the brain down the back

Ventricles

Comparatively large spaces filled with cerebrospinal fluid. Of the 4, 3 are located in the forebrain and one in the brain stem. The 2 largest are symmetrically placed above the brainstem, one in each hemisphere

Brainstem

Connects the cerebrum to the spinal cord

Arachnoid

Consists of simple squamous epithelium, the arachnoid membrane, adhering to the inside of the dura, and a loose mesh of collagenous and elastic fibers spanning the gap between the arachnoid membrane and pia mater.

Fissure

(anatomy) a long narrow slit or groove that divides an organ into lobes

Lobe

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Pons

A brain structure that relays information from the cerebellum to the rest of the brain

Hippocampus

A neural center that is located in the limbic system; helps process explicit memories for storage

Tectum

A part of the midbrain that orients an organism in the environment.

Coronal

A plane that divides a structure into anterior and posterior parts

Midbrain

A small part of the brain above the pons that integrates sensory information and relays it upward

Cerebrospinal Fluid

Acts as a liquid shock absorber protecting the delicate brain and spinal cord and removes metabolic waste products

Medulla

An extension of the spinal cord into the skull that coordinates heart rate, circulation, and respiration.

Horizontal

Divides the body into superior and inferior planes

Views of the Brain

Dorsal Ventral Rostral Caudal

Divisions of the Central Nervous System

Forebrain- Prosencephalon- Telencephalon (Cerebral Cortex, and Basal Ganglia) Diencephalon (Thalamus, Hypothalamus) MidBrain- Mesencephalon- Mesencephalon- Tectum HindBrain- Rhombencephalon- Metencephalon- Cerebellum & Pons Myellencephalon- Medulla Oblongata Spinal Cord

Lateral Ventricle

Full of cerebrospinal fluid under corpus collusum (2) beneath the corpus callosum in both hemispheres; open into the Third ventrile through the interventricular foramen

Pituitary Gland

Gland that secretes hormones to regulate body functions, Regulated by the Hypothalamus , Master Gland regulates other glands

Sulcus

Groove/Valley A furrow on the brain, less deep than a fissure

Basal Ganglia

Group of Nuclei involved in with motor function Caudate Putamen Globulus Pallidus Substantia Nigra A set of subcortical structures that directs intentional movements.

Cerebellum

In charge of motor functions, A large structure of the hindbrain that controls fine motor skills.

Pia Mater

Inner layer of meninges; intimately attached to brain following contours; carries small blood vessels to nourish underlying nervous tissue;

Saggital

Is a vertical plane that divides the body into right and left parts.

Hemisphere

Left and Right Hemispheres

Know Anatomy of Brain

Lobes- Frontal, Parietal, Temporal, Occipital Sulci- Calcarine Sulcus(Occipital and Parietal), Lateral Sulcus (Temporal and Frontal/Parietal) - Central Sulcus (Frontal and Parietal) Cerebellum Brainstem- Midbrain, Pons, Medulla Oblongata Corpus Collosum Thalamus Hypothalamus Piriform Cortex Hippocampus

Superior colliculus

Located in the Midbrain. Controls involuntary eye movements and the targeting of the eyes

Inferior colliculus

Lower bumps at the top of the midbrain, part of the auditory system, integrates head movement and auditory information

Dura Mater

Most external and toughest of the three membranes (meninges) covering the brain and spina

White Matter

Myelinated Neuronal portions of the brain and spinal cord

Grey Matter

Non-myelinated neural portions of the brain and spinal cord

Hypothalamus

Regulates normal body functions, behaviors and actions: consists of several nuclei , A structure found near the base of the forebrain that is involved in the regulation of basic biological needs.

Thalamus

Relays sensory information about the body to the cortex A structure in the forebrain through which all sensory information (except smell) must pass to get to the cerebral cortex.

Gyrus

Ridge , A ridged or raised portion of a convoluted brain surface.

Talairach

Talairach coordinates are a coordinate system that creates a horizontal plane between two points in the brain, thereby making brain structures easy (easier) to locate and identify

Cytoarchitecture

The arrangement of neuronal cell bodies in various parts of the brain.

Brocas Area

controls language expression-area of the frontal lobe in left hemisphere that directs muscle movements invloved in speech

Wernickes Area

controls language reception-a brain area involved in language comprehension and expression;usually in the left temporal lobe

Sub Arachnoid Space

deep to arachnoid mater. filled with cerebrospinal fluid. bathes spinal cord and brain. purpose to protect spinal cord and brain. Principal arteries of spinal cord live here.

Phrenology

localization of mental faculties based features of the skull. This idea was popular, but wackadoodle nonetheless Determining personality based on the pattern of bumps on the head.

Piriform Cortex

most likely involved in perceiving overlapping odors

Nuclei

roughly circumscribed groups of cell bodies

Penduncles

thick bundles of fibers that connect big parts of the brain to other big parts of the brain, information highways

Stereotaxic Apparatus

uses landmarks on the skull (bony ridges and hollows) serve as reference points Victor Horsely