AMPD4093 Chapter 7,8,9 exam 3

Location Data

- Retailers are able to assess inventory demand and purchasing

5.Review

- Review the process to determine the next steps and see what is writing.

Schneider National

- Schneider National is a provider of final mile, truckload, intermodal and logistics services. Schneider's services include regional, long-haul, expedited, dedicated, bulk, intermodal, brokerage, cross-dock logistics, pool point distribution, final mile, supply chain management, and port logistics

Inventory management data

- Second to labor, inventory is typically the largest cost of a retailer. Companies rely on inventory management systems to provide visibility to inventory levels, consumer demand, stockouts, shrinkage, customer dissatisfaction, and obsolete items.

External Quality Assurance

- The decision to use the services of an external could be required by the company that is buying the product who may require certified physical test results before approving production. Three examples of organizations are: - Intertek (www.Intertek.com) - SGS Group (www.sgs.com) - Bureau Veritas (www.bureauveritas.com)

Information

- The goal of logistics information is to get the right product to the right consumer at the right time and the right price - To accomplish this goal, there are various layers of information that are relied upon throughout the supply chain systems of customer relationship management (CRM) and supplier relationship management (SRM)

4. Measure

- The points of measurement are determined by the companies involved in the process and are predetermined and agreed upon at the outset of each negotiation.

Production and Logistics for a Cotton T-shirt

****Production 1. The T-shirt starts with the picking of the raw material, cotton. The cotton is most likely harvested in China, India, or the United States. 2. The bolls of cotton are shipped to a gin to be pressed into bales. 3. The bales of cotton fiber go to a spinning facility to be spun into yarn. 4. The yarn then moves to a mill to be knitted or woven into fabric and wet-processed for its fabric finishing 5. The finished fabric is sent to a garment factory to be cut and sewn. 6. The T-shirt is finally sent to the retailer. *********Logistics - The cotton must be harvested and delivered to the next step of production. - Most likely the gin is in the same country where the cotton was harvested, so there is a form of transport by truck or rail. - The move from the gin to the spinner requires a form of transport by truck or rail. - The move to the mill requires a form of transport by truck or rail. - Depending on the origin of the raw materials and finishing locations, the fabric may require being shipped to Asia or possibly Mexico. Compliance and quality control also occur in this phase of the process. - Since most garments are imported, there will be a need for intermodal transportation to reach the retailer. *** This table outlines the steps for the production of a basic cotton T-shirt, from raw materials to finished goods

Multimodal Transport

- A product will use two or more transport modes, but this is not necessarily a seamless process.

Warehouse Management Systems

- A typical WMS supports the oversight of daily functions such as planning delivery schedules and allocating resources to move and store inventory within a warehouse. - WMS's operate off a database that captures inventory-related information such as: stock keeping units (SKUs) - identification code for the size of an item, dimensions, case pack, automatic ID labels, inventory warehouse location, and manufacture date.

Attribute data

- Attribute data is data that have a quality characteristic (or attribute) that meets or does not meet product specification. These characteristics can be categorized and counted.

Globalization

- Because of the geographically dispersed nature of the global fashion supply chain, shipping by means of containers is continuing to play a growing role in the movement of goods from production locations to selling markets.

Internal Quality Assurance

- Brands and retailers often have in-house departments that are responsible for the quality aspect of the products that they produce and sell to the consumer

Political and Economic Volatility - Companies must look for means to protect their supply chain from threats such as:

- Cargo theft - Terrorism - Labor strikes - Political uncertainty - Cybercrime

Infrastructure Disruptions - As land and labor costs along manufacturing coastal areas in heavily manufacturing centers increase there will be:

- Continued movement of production further inland, which will require improvements in road and delivery infrastructure to meet the new demands of inland production facilities. - Natural disasters due to climate change are another factor that is causing concern with regards to supply chain disruption.

Logistics Outsourced Relationships and Services

- Contract Relationships or 3PL (third -party logistics) - Courier Express Parcel (CEP) - Freight Forwarder

Radio-frequency identification (RFID)

- Radio-frequency identification uses electromagnetic fields to automatically identify and track tags attached to objects. The tags contain electronically stored information.

Deutsche Post DHL

- DHL International is an American-founded German company which is now the international courier, parcel, and express mail division of the German logistics company Deutsche Post DHL. Deutsche Post DHL is the world's largest logistics company, particularly in sea and air mail.

- Logistics Provides Key Elements to the Global Fashion Supply Chain

- Data - Communication - Transportation

Discrete Data

- Data that can only take certain values. For example: the number of students in a class (you can't have half a student).

Quality Management System (QMS)

- Defined as a formalized system that documents processes, procedures, and responsibilities for achieving quality policies and objectives. - QMS helps coordinate and direct an organization's activities to meet customer and regulatory requirements and improve its effectiveness and efficiency.

6. Improvement

- Determine next steps for improvement.

Six sigma Data collection and analysis are a key aspect of the Six Sigma process.

- Discrete Data - Qualitative Data - Attribute Data - Continuous Data - Location Data

Layers of Logistics Information stages

- Distribution - production - product - customer

Labor Management Systems

- Enables companies to break down work tasks, assign employees, and track expected completion time by benchmarking performance from historical task completion data. •LMS provides a means for management to implement incentive-based pay •LMS enables workers to do respective tasks in a way that ensures consistency and optimal efficiency.

Order Picking

- Entails the selection of items to be shipped for customer delivery. For an online retailer, order picking incorporates the selection of individually purchased orders versus brick-and-mortar orders that were bulk shipments to store locations.

FedEx

- FedEx Corporation is an American multinational courier delivery services company. The name "FedEx" is a syllabic abbreviation of the name of the company's original air division, Federal Express

Quality Inspection - Following is a list of various points in the supply chain at which a quality inspection of some sort should take place for apparel:

- Fiber - Yarn - Fabric inspections - Finishing garments

Balanced Scorecard

- Finance - Processes - Learning and growth - Customer

To contain costs associated with inventory with inventory movement and management, whipping companies are turning to:

- Freight pooling - Zone Skipping - Backhauling

GPS and CRM Systems

- Global positioning systems provide individuals with location information for directional and tracking purposes; GPS's have enabled companies to manage route selection, monitor delivery times, and lessen the burden of package tracking by allowing consumers to tack items themselves.

The following is a list of factors that one should consider when developing a balanced scorecard:

- Identify categories/groupings for the information that you will gather, such as financial metrics, customer impact, operating performance, and management initiatives. - Minimize the number of metrics to nor more than fifteen things to be counted and/ or monitored. When developing the scorecard, challenge the company leadership to think broadly about the organization vision and mission and how these goals are played out in the daily work environment. - Because of the timing of outcomes, the metrics should be an appropriate balance of lead and lag indicators. Lead indicators are inputs that typically impact an outcome, such as the number of revised shipping routes to increase on-time shipping deliveries. Lag indicators are outcomes of the business, such as the number of items produced, total revenue, and costs. - To create an effective management tool, the scorecard should focus on company-wide goals and objectives versus a more siloed approach that monitors individual department performance. - Scorecards should be reviewed on a frequent basis to ensure that the metrics being captured are still germane to the business and best project the organization's vision.

Layers of logistics information

- Information is the source of insight and the foundation for logistics. The customer, the product, production, and distribution all produce information that is used to support logistics

Radio-Frequency Identification (RFID)

- Information management tool for retailers who are managing significant volumes of inventory with multiple SKUs and item variations. By using a chip, a retailer is able to track: •the mill that the material came from •the factory that cut and sewed the item •the cargo vessel that brought the garment to its selling market •the warehouse that stored the item •the store or ecommerce distribution point that received the item

Supply Chain Data

- Inventory management data - Big Data - Radio-Frequency Identification (RFID)

J.B. Hunt Transport Services

- J.B. Hunt Transport Services, Inc. is a trucking and transportation company that was founded by Johnnie Bryan Hunt, and based in the Northwest Arkansas city of Lowell.

Key Performance Indicators (KPIs)

- KPIs are quantitative information that is used to monitor and track progress. - KPIs are metrics that can help management determine important points of information, such as completion rates for a production line, the defect rate for a product that failed to meet the design specification, and on-time delivery

Process Improvement Strategies

- Lean Manufacturing - Muda - Waste

On-Time delivery is the key factor in determining a port or carrier.

- On-Time Delivery - Port

Quality Management System

- Over time, TQM became the gold standard. However, the emphasis then changed to quality management systems (QMS) -A quality management system (QMS) is a collection of business processes focused on consistently meeting customer requirements and enhancing their satisfaction. It is aligned with an organization's purpose and strategic direction (ISO9001).

Qualitative data

- Qualitative data is defined as the data that approximates and characterizes. ... This data type is non-numerical in nature. This type of data is collected through methods of observations, one-to-one interview, conducting focus groups and similar methods

2, Deploy

- Through the use of advanced technology, companies are using product lifecycle management (PLM) systems or enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems to deploy and communicate all the information that is being designed and built.

Functions of Internal Logistics Departments

- Traffic and Receiving - Inward transport or traffic - Inventory Management and Order Fulfillment - The Stock Control Dept. - The Material Handling Dept. - Order Picking - The Recycling and Waste Disposal Dept.

Trust

- Two types of production relationships exist for a company:

United Parcel Services (UPS)

- United Parcel Service is an American multinational package delivery and supply chain management company.

Leading Logistics Companies

- United Parcel Services (UPS) - FedEx

- The Industry's Growing Need for Logistics Talent Projected Talent Shortage in Key Supply Chain Functions btw 2013-2016

- Warehousing and distribution: 125,000 jobs - Trucking: more than 115,000 jobs - Industrial engineering: 12,000 openings - Logistics operations and management: 12,660 positions - Freight rails: 4,530 jobs

Big Data

- a collection of data from traditional systems such as inventory management and point of sales (POS) systems with digital insight like web purchasing data and online searches, enables retailers to maintain a more complete perspective on their inventory.

Freight Forwarder

- a company that arranges for the movement of goods via air or ship. The forwarder ensures the proper filing of all documentation, such as the bill of lading.

Backhauling

- a load of goods is transported on the return trip of a truck or ship

Lean Manufacturing

- a method of process improvement that focuses on removing waste, also known as:

Zone Skipping

- a shipping consolidation method

Transportation Management Systems

- a software that facilitates interactions between an organization's order management system (OMS) and its warehouse management system (WMS) or distribution center (DC). - TMS supports the movement of inbound (procurement) and outbound(shipping) of goods through a series of transportation scenarios that evaluate the most appropriate route, delivery mode, and least cost provider.

Balances Scorecard

- a strategic performance management tool that creates a way to monitor how an internal department or vendor's performance is operating relative to a retailer's operational and even company-wide goals and objectives. •Scorecards utilize visualization to document progress and identify categories of focus.

Port

- a town or city where vessels can load for purpose of exporting goods and can unload goods for the purpose of importing goods. •Retailers tend to use 3rd party contractors to handle the selection of a port or carrier. •Negotiations to hire a 3rd party contractor occur very early in the sourcing process •The port selection is often driven by where the manufacturer's factory is located.

Universal Product Code (UPC)

- a unique 12 digit number assigned to retail merchandise.

Dashboards

- a user-friendly, visual representation of KPIs that informs management at a glance about the performance of a process or function. •A dashboard centralizes information into a commonly agreed-upon reporting format that can be shared with multiple individuals on a real-time basis. •A dashboard brings immediate visibility to current inventory levels, projected sales, and per store inventory allocation. This information helps managers to make better and quicker production decisions.

Key performance

- analyze - solve - define - implement - review

Waste

- any non-value-added activity that a customer doesn't see enough reason to pay for. An area of debate regarding non-value-added activities is compliance testing.

Vertically Integrated

- company maintains control of its entire supply chain, meaning the company has in-house design, sourcing, and production teams. - The trust factor is driven by an organization's internal culture and the ability to create incentives and goals across departments that allow for harmonious productive engagement throughout the organization.

Receiving department

- confirms that the items delivered from a purchase order match the quantity, price, and expected delivery date. The receiving department inspects the order for damages and acknowledges receipt of the items.

Continuous Data

- continuous data is quantitative data that can be measured. It has an infinite number of possible values within a selected range e.g. temperature range

quality management system

- document control - issues resolution -

Contract Relationships or 3PL (third -party logistics)

- generally three to five year contract relationships with a logistics provider or third party that handles logistics services such as warehousing, packaging, labeling, transportation, quality controls, and compliance inspections.

major Logistics trends

- has evolved from low-skill, labor intensive processes to data-driven, strategic functions that require management skills, real-time information, and collaborative versus transactional vendor relationships. - Additionally, logistics are being forced to address retailers' movement to use push versus pull inventory strategy that will enable tem to respond to consumer demand.

Quality

- how good or bad something is. Quality has to do with the value of every action and end product of all actions, from the beginning of the supply chain to the product that is delivered to the consumer. Is that product what consumers expected, and consequently how satisfied are they with the product that they purchased? Does this drive them to be loyal customers?

ISO 9001

- is defined as the international standard that specifies requirements for a quality management system (QMS). Organizations use the standard to demonstrate the ability to consistently provide products and services that meet customer and regulatory requirements. • If an organization bills themselves as "ISO 9001 Certified," this means that the organization has met the requirements designated under ISO 9001. • ISO 9001 requires organizations to define and follow a quality management system that is both appropriate and effective while also requiring them to identify areas for improvement and take action toward those improvements. • As a result, it's typically understood that an organization claiming ISO 9001 certification is an organization with products and services that meet quality standards.

Inward transport or traffic

- is the central area of business logistics that manages the movement of goods from suppliers to a company's receiving area, be it a distribution center or a direct-to-consumer location. - This area is responsible for identifying the transport supplier, confirming the best route, negotiating the costs and time of delivery, and guaranteeing that all safety and legal requirements are met.

Leadership

- leaders serve as the directional figures that establish the vision, obtain support and resources, and oversee the overall execution of a goal, function, or initiative - Company leadership is causing supply chain professional to think about their vendor relationships as collaborative versus transactional. - By focusing on a collaborative arrangement, companies are able to work with their vendors to collectively identify and implement opportunities for long-term benefits.

On-Time Delivery

- metric used to assess the ability of a business to fulfill shipping orders or other transactions within the period of time promised to a client or customer

Process Improvement Strategies, Six Sigma

- originates from a statistical tem that validates the thought that perfection is possible, but with 99.73% of the output meeting the range of acceptability. - Six Sigma can apply to any process, to partake in a Six Sigma effort a retailer would first identify the projects that possess the best returns or are most impactful to the company. - Six Sigma projects go through what is called DMAIC: Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve, and Control.

The Material Handling Dept

- oversees the movement of goods within an organization. The goods are now the ownership of the retailer, and the retailer has he responsibility of transporting the goods from the warehouse to a store location.

the TQM are

- process thinking - customer satisfaction - total employee commitment - strategic thinking - integrated system - decisions based on fact - continuous improvement - effective communications

International Standards Organization (ISO) 9000

- quality management standards that provide process techniques and management tools for organizations that want to deliver a consistent quality that meets a customer's requirements.

Total quality management (TQM)

- requires management practices to be restructured to improve performance and product quality and customer satisfaction. This restructuring focuses on teamwork, the full participation of employees as active decision makers, as well as on leaders who are comfortable with and open to sharing power and decision-making.

Muda

- the Japanese word for wastefulness, out of the production process while elevating job functions and increasing the flow of information throughout the supply chain.

Quality Assurance (QA)

- the activity of checking goods or services to make sure that they are good. Quality assurance builds quality into each step of the manufacturing process including designing, production, and beyond. ... Apparel garments, accessories, and other textile products are assessed for quality in the preproduction phase, during production, and with a final inspection after the product has been completed.

Courier Express Parcel (CEP)

- the delivery of small parcels. This area is highly time-sensitive and requires an ability for consumers to track parcel delivery.

Freight pooling

- the distribution of orders to numerous destinations within a geographic area.

E commerce

- the ecommerce business model has forced warehouses to tackle challenges such as managing learner inventory levels, fulfilling smaller order sizes, storing larger SKU categories, processing quick order turnarounds, and delivering increased customer packaging and value-added services.

Intermodal Goods Transport

- the movement of goods without the need to change packaging or documents between modes, is growing for sea to land distribution.

Retail Shrinkage

- the portion of the inventory that is either lost or stolen during the production or distribution phases, can be a costly drain on a retailer's profit margins and inventory availability planning if a control mechanism is not in place.

Increasing Regulations

- the shipping regulatory environment is experiencing changes that will potentially increase cost and delay the movement of international freight. - EX: The International Maritime Organizations' SOLAS, a treaty that focuses on the safety of merchant ships, requires the verification of gross mass containers before loading.

Hangtag system

- the use of item hangtags to maintain an inventory count.

The Recycling and Waste Disposal Dept.

- there is equipment used in the inward delivery that must be returned to the supplier, such as pallets, delivery cartons, cable reels, and merchandise containers. Given the amount of potential waste a company can implement social responsibility here.

Continued Pressure of Cost Containment

- there is ongoing pressure to see how the product can be transported and warehoused with reduced costs.

The steps in apparel manufacturing

- this diagram show the multiple steps to bring a design idea from the raw material phase to actual distribution to the consumer - All parties in this process must work together and have a clear understanding of how their contributions impact the overall production process. - Supply chain relationships operate on 3 key elements: trust, information, and leadership

Outsourced

- to procure (something, such as some goods or services needed by a business or organization) from outside sources and especially from foreign or nonunion suppliers : to contract for work, jobs, etc., to be done by outside or foreign workers. - Retailers can establish a collaborative working relationship with sourcing partners, and companies are able to mitigate concerns by implementing proactive monitoring strategies and establishing long-term investment plans such as production commitments across multiple seasons to ensure a dedicated working team for production.

Fiber

- whether or synthetic, must be inspected and meet certain standards because it is the beginning of the process; if the fiber is of poor quality, the rest of the product will follow suit.

The Stock Control Dept

- works with a retailer's planning division to set the policies for inventory. Stock control works to obtain a balance between stock on hand and consumer demand.

3, Control

-Policies, procedures, and protocols also need to be put in place to control the process or to ensure that the process is unfolding in a systematic way.

Bill of Lading The Bill of Lading, or BOL, is one of the most important freight shipping documents because it fulfills three purposes:

1) it acts as evidence of a contract between the shipper and the carrier; 2) it serves as a receipt of freight services and goods; and 3) it is a document of title, or ownership, of goods.

The lean approach is often combined with the Six Sigma approach. There are 8 wastes that have been documented:

1. Defects in a product 2. Overproduction, which means the product lies stagnant in a warehouse or is sold below cost 3. Waiting, which wastes energy, time, and money 4. Nonvalue processing or over processing, which waste time and money 5. Transportation 6. Inventory 7. Motion 8. Underutilization of employee talent

Essential Steps in Quality Management Systems in the Fashion Industry

1. Design 2. Deploy 3. Control 4. Measure 5. Review 6. Improvement

Approaches and Methodologies, There are four prominent approaches to achieving quality and customer satisfaction:

1.Six Sigma 2.Lean Manufacturing 3.Quality Management system (QMS) 4.ISO 9001

Push vs Pull

A push strategy is to push a product at a customer, while a pull strategy pulls a customer towards a product. •Push strategy is a quick way to move a customer from awareness to purchase, while pull strategy is about creating an ongoing relationship with the brand. •Both serve a purpose in moving the customer along the journey from awareness to purchase, however pull strategies tend to be more successful at building brand ambassadors.

Seven Types of Production Waste

Area of Waste - Overproduction - Waste of Unnecessary Motion - Waste of Inventory - Production of Defects - Waste of Waiting - Waste of Transportation - Waste of Overprocessing Business Impact - Unnecessary use of raw materials, manufacturing resources, and warehousing facilities - Depletion of energy resources and potential equipment wear - A direct result of overproduction is the production of inventory that fails to fulfill a demand - Waste of materials and labor and possible customer dissatisfaction - Idle production time, leading to lost opportunity costs - Energy use and extended lead times - Unnecessary use of resources and potential impact on prodcut quality

Increased Significance of Distribution Centers -

Because of the order fulfillment process for ecommerce purchases, distribution centers have grown in significance, and retailers have had to relocate their distribution centers close to their customers.

The Role of Technology in Logistics Management

Enterprise-wise systems are needed to provide real-time information for order placements regardless of where a shopper initiates the transaction. •Technology is being deployed to improve data collection •Big Data has become an important factor in providing segmented customer information that supports the ability to source delivery routes and enhance the overall service offerings for a customer.

Logistics overview

How it works Transportation and warehousing are the two major functions of logistics: - Transportation- management focuses on planning, optimizing and executing the use of vehicles to move goods between warehouses, retail locations and customers. The transportation is multimodal and can include ocean, air, rail and roads. - Warehousing- or warehouse management, includes such functions as inventory management and order fulfillment. It also involves managing warehouse infrastructure and processes for example, in a fulfillment center, where orders for goods are received, processed and fulfilled (shipped to the customer).

Logistics Strategies to Mitigate Risks

STRATEGIES •Supply chain operators should be able to synthesize external and internal data and rapidly take action to minimize the impact of a disruption. •Supply chain structures should be adaptable and agile so that they can quickly adjust and respond to market and economic conditions. Transparent organizational structures, including a clearly defined corporate structure and coordinated departments with clear responsibilities, can help reduce confusion and speed action if and when a disruptive event occurs. •Supply chain managers also need to strike a balance between efficiency and effectiveness. They need a diversity of activities, suppliers and markets rather than an overspecialization in one sector, or a total dependence on a key supplier. •To maintain effectiveness, supply chain managers can arrange to share strategic stocks, or to enter into joint supply agreements. They can also pre-arrange ways to access critical stocks such as emergency fuel and medical supplies.

Lean manufacturing

The core idea is to maximize customer value while minimizing waste. •Lean means creating more value for customers with fewer resources. •Elimination of waste is a part of the lean approach. •It is about improving efficiency and decreasing errors, which in turn lead to a decrease in the cost of operations.

Master Black Belt:

These individuals are responsible for translating the high-level business goals into a Six Sigma strategy for the division and the supporting tactics. MBB's have the ultimate responsibility to ensure the quality, value, and sustainability of Six Sigma projects under their guidance.

Improve

or optimize the current process based upon data analysis using techniques such as design of experiments, mistake proofing, and standard work to create a new, future state process.

RFID

While RFID is growing in significance in the retail industry, many retailers, because of their size and ability to deploy resources, still manage their inventory by using: - Universal Product Code (UPC) - Hangtag system What is? - Retail Shrinkage

Customer relationship management

systems enable the tracking of information at the customer level. This information facilitates the tracking of orders and supports customer service inquiries.

Finishing garments

are inspected in the manufacturing line while the garments are being produced and generally a the end of production prior to packing to make sure that the final product adheres to the original specifications.

Fabric Inspections

are made before the fabric leaves the mill as well as when it is received by the manufacturer. At eh manufacturer, fabric can be inspected on the roll and then again on the cutting table.

Six Sigma

is an approach that is used to enhance not only a business but also the systems of the business, with the overall objective of increasing profits while at the same time sustaining customer satisfaction.

Process Improvement Strategies ISO 9000

is defined as a set of international standards on quality management and quality assurance developed to help companies effectively document the quality system elements needed to maintain an efficient quality system. They are not specific to any one industry and can be applied to organizations of any size.

International Standard for Standardization (ISO 9001)

is defined as the international standard that specifies requirements for a quality management system (QMS). Organizations use the standard to demonstrate the ability to consistently provide products and services that meet customer and regulatory requirements.

Enterprise resource planning (ERP)

is the integrated management of main business processes, often in real-time and mediated by software and technology.

Product lifecycle management (PLM)

is the process of managing the entire lifecycle of a product from inception, through engineering design and manufacture, to service and disposal of manufactured products.

Logistics

is the process of planning and executing the efficient transportation and storage of goods from the point of origin to the point of consumption. The goal of logistics is to meet customer requirements in a timely, cost-effective manner.

Measure

key aspects of the current process and collect relevant data; calculate the 'as-is' Process Capability.

KPIs provide

leaders with insight into the performance of their business. They provide data to analyze, solve, define, implement, and review key organizational decisions.

Analyze

the data to investigate and verify cause-and-effect relationships. Determine what the relationships are, and attempt to ensure that all factors have been considered. Seek out root cause of the defect under investigation.

Control

the future state process to ensure that any deviations from the target are corrected before they result in defects. Implement control systems such as statistical process control, production boards, visual workplaces, and continuously monitor the process. This process is repeated until the desired quality level is obtained.

Define

the system, the voice of the customer and their requirements, and the project goals, specifically.

TQM

total quality management

Yarn

which is required to knit, weave, or cerate a non woven, must be of a certain quality or the fabric and finishing garment will not meet the standards that have been set up.

The International Organization for Standardization. The ISO noted that there are 7 quality management principles:

• Customer focused • Leadership • Engagement of People • Process Approach • Improvement • Evidence-based decision-making • Relationship Management

Administering Quality Programs in the Fashion Industry

• Internal Quality Assurance • External Quality Assurance

Black Belt:

•A Black Belt professional has a high level of understanding of Six Sigma principles, including supporting systems and tools & techniques. •They exhibit team leadership as a problem solver, maintain team dynamics. Allocate team members' roles and responsibilities. •Black Belts understand all aspects of the DMAIC methodology aligned to Six Sigma principles. •They have good knowledge of Lean concepts. BB professionals are able to figure out non-value-added activities and can use specific tools to reduce them. They act as a change agent in transformational six sigma projects. •They are good in stakeholder management and earning their buy-in & support. They train and share their experiences with the yellow belts & green belts.

Green Belt:

•A Green Belt possesses a good understanding of all aspects of the phases of DMAIC. •These professionals operate under the supervision and guidance of the Black Belts. They analyze and solve the quality related issues. And participate in quality improvement projects. •Unlike BBs, who lead cross-functional projects, GBs usually work on projects within their own functional area. They should expect to schedule regular meetings with their Black Belt coach to review project progress and seek advice. Green Belts are employees of an organization who have been trained on the Six Sigma improvement methods. •They lead process improvement projects in their work area and assist Black Belts in finding process gaps.

Yellow Belt:

•A Yellow Belt possesses a basic understanding of Six Sigma. However, unlike green belts or Black belts, yellow belts don't lead six sigma projects by themselves. •These professionals are responsible to support six sigma team in creating process maps. •They may act as subject experts or take part as a core team member in six sigma projects. •They can also carry out small projects on ad hoc basis with the guidance of Green belts or Black belts. •They may also actively participate in less complex process improvement projects using Kaizen or PDCA. PDCA is an acronym for PLAN-DO-CHECK-ACT technique for Continuous

The DMAIC project methodology has five phases:

•Define •Measure •Analyze •Improve •Control

Significance of Logistics Collaboration - Certain key relationships must exist to ensure proper movement of ideas, raw materials, finished goods, and consumer information.

•Design •Sourcing •Production •Transportation •Marketing •Merchandising •Retail Operations

Below are the responsibilities of a Master Black Belt in an organization:

•Six Sigma strategy and roll-out plan in the organization/function •Manage Project of the function •Mentor Teams •Achieve Lean Six Sigma Results •Cross-Functional Leadership •Project Execution and Removing Roadblocks

In selecting a carrier, one must consider:

•The schedule of the shipping vessel •Its availability •Its minimum item requirements •Price

1,Design

•a creation that is carried out either by an individual (designer) or a team of product developers or merchandisers. •The process of designing is the origin of the supply chain •After the product is designed it has to be constructed •A size specification sheet and a make detail sheet are developed that will convey not only the size information to the production facility but also the details that are required to construct the product.