BS Practice Questions PJM

You have determined that the ramps were designed properly by the architect. However, the concrete for the ramps was poured improperly by the contractor. The handicap ramps are graded with a 8% cross slope, with ramp runs in excess of 36" (rise). Per ADA requirements, what is the correct maximum cross slope that should have been built by the contractor?

2% See ADA Standards Sections 405.3 Cross Slope and 405.6 Rise (ramp runs).

You have determined that the ramps were designed properly by the architect. However, the concrete for the ramps was poured improperly by the contractor. The handicap ramps are graded with a 8% cross slope, with ramp runs in excess of 36" (rise). Per ADA requirements, what is the correct maximum ramp runs that should have been built by the contractor?

30" See ADA Standards Sections 405.3 Cross Slope and 405.6 Rise (ramp runs).

An architecture firm is assessing its current fee structure. In order to conduct the assessment, the firm is analyzing the salaries of employees, the types of tasks each employee is performing, and whether the tasks are billed as direct or indirect costs. To find this information, the firm is applying the time utilization ratio. A particular principal's annual salary is $120,000 and their utilization ratio is 40%. What is the principal's indirect labor cost?

72000 Principals have a high proportion of indirect costs because they spend time on marketing and management. The indirect cost is the inverse of the utilization ratio (i.e., 60%). 60% of $120,000 is $72,000.

Which statement below best summarizes the process-based system of quality management (QM)?

A system that continually incorporates reviews of documents during production Process-based systems should incorporate reviews in every step of the documentation phase. INCORRECT A system that uses checklists to review project deliverables before submitting to the client This statement best describes the inspection-based QM method. Further, process-based QM relies on reviewing documents throughout the design process, not just before deliverables are sent to the client. A system of implementation at the middle of the design development phase to review team member roles The process system should begin reviewed at the beginning of a project and it focuses on documentation rather than individuals. A way of reviewing a project manager and team members The process system reviews documentation.

Based on the information provided on the consultant arrangement, which AIA contracts should have been used for this project?

A201 General Conditions of Construction is a standard contract on most projects. B101 Standard Form of Agreement between Owner and Architect will define the architect's responsibilities to the owner. C401 Standard Form of Agreement between Architect and Consultant will define the consultants' obligations to the architect.

The architect has deemed the accessibility ramps to be nonconforming work. What action can the owner take against the contractor?

Accept the work with a reduction in the Contract Sum See contract A201 Section 12.3, Acceptance of Nonconforming Work. INCORRECT Reject the work The architect is responsible for rejecting the work. Terminate the contract with 5 days written notice. The owner can terminate the contract with or without cause, with 7 days written notice. See section on Termination. Withhold a Certificate for Payment The architect is responsible for certifying payment, and may withhold a Certificate for Payment to protect the owner. See section on Withhold Certification.

Based on the AIA Document B101-2017 SP, under the Section 1.1.6: The Owner's Anticipated Sustainable Objective for the Project, what should the architect identify and describe?

Achieve a minimum of 64 LEED credit points LEED Gold certification credits range from 60 to 79.

During the course of the project, the owner informs the architect that they would like the architect to carry a $5,000,000 professional liability insurance policy. In order to determine if that's what was originally agreed to, the architect will need to revisit their contract. Which of the following articles will tell the architect what was originally agreed to? Using the image below, click the correct article.

Article 2 division 5, spells out all of the limits of the insurance policies that the architect is requried to carry. If the limits that were agreed to are exceeded, then the owner will have to pay the difference.

The design team is about to embark on a new project. Decisions about project costs are made at every stage of the project. Which statement below about the project timeline indicates the best time for costs to be controlled?

At the beginning of the project when determining scope, quality, and the project delivery method The project's biggest decisions are made at the beginning and the rest follow. INCORRECT During design development, when more detailed material selections are made The most effective time to influence the project costs is during the beginning, when the scope of the project is defined.

An architect is involved in the bidding and negotiation phase, which is also known as the procurement phase. The architect can manage duties in this phase by adopting several AIA documents. What are three AIA documents that can facilitate the architect's management of a project-specific procurement phase?

B195-2008 AIA Document B195-2008 is the agreement between the owner and the architect for integrated project delivery services. This form references the architect's duties during procurement. A201-2007 AIA Document A201-2017 outlines the general conditions for construction. This includes provisions affecting the architect's interests regarding the procurement phase. B101-2017 AIA Document B101-2017, the agreement between the owner and architect, outlines the procurement phase duties of the architect under Basic Services, Section 3.5 Procurement Phase Services. INCORRECT A102-2017 AIA Document A102-2017 is an agreement between the owner and contractor. No references to the architect's role in procurement are located in this document. G704-2017 AIA Document G704-2017 is a form for the certificate of substantial completion. G701-2017 AIA Document G701-2017 is a change order form.

Based upon the proposed schedule below, when might the architect be expected to respond to requests for information (RFI's) from bidding contractors for Base Bid #2? Click on the appropriate area.

Bid RFIs typically close at the end of the bidding period.

An architect can play a key role in performing a constructability review for a proposed project. What project delivery method is most applicable for the architect to act as constructability reviewer?

Construction manager as constructor The construction manager as constructor (CMc) project delivery method provides the best alignment for the architect to review constructability of a proposed project. INCORRECT Design-build Design-build (DB) does not provide a specific role for the architect as a construction manager. The project delivery method known as "construction manager as constructor" evolved to address this new role for the architect. Design-bid-build Design-bid-build (DBB) does not provide a specific role for the architect as a construction manager. The project delivery method known as "construction manager as constructor" evolved to address specific weaknesses of DBB. Fast track A fast track delivery method does not provide a specific role for the architect as a construction manager. The project delivery method known as "construction manager as constructor" evolved to address this new role for the architect.

The project manager tells the production team that the construction documents need to follow the "4 C's" and be clear, complete, concise, and correct. How will this requirement affect the construction phase of the project?

Fewer change orders Well-prepared construction drawings provide the contractor with the necessary information to build, which typically results in fewer change orders. INCORRECT Eliminates coordination in the field Well-prepared documents typically result in fewer in-field coordination issues, but they do not remove the need for continual coordination in the field altogether. It should be expected to see a normal amount of field coordination with well-prepared documents. Expedited construction schedule Well-prepared documents typically result in fewer delays in construction schedules due to fewer requests for information (RFIs); however, well-prepared documents do not generally expedite the construction schedule. Fewer submittals Submittals are an important part of the construction procurement process. The same number of submittals would be needed whether the construction documents are well-prepared or not.

An architect is designing the renovation of an old theatre. The architect is checking the product data of potential materials for the project. American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) Procedure E84 tests the surface burning characteristics of interior finishes. In this test, the speed at which fire extends along the surface of a material is a measure of which term?

Flame spread index The flame spread index indicates how fast fire will spread along a tested finish's surface.

During construction of a youth wing addition to a church, the general contractor proposes a substitution for a new kind of roofing material. The material is less expensive, but there is not a lot of information about the product, and it does not appear to meet the architect's specifications. The owner wants to approve the substitution, but the architect doesn't support it. What should the architect do?

Provide written documentation explaining concerns about the material Architects should exercise caution when evaluating materials for substitutions. In the case of an owner accepting a substitution, the architect can still be held accountable for the performance of the material. The architect should, therefore, make it be known in writing that he or she does not accept responsibility for the substitution. INCORRECT Reject the substitution This is not the best answer, because the architect should document their concerns in writing. Approve the substitution and prepare a change order The architect could be held liable for the performance of the substitution.

Designer professionals should use which of the following strategies when designing buildings in order to comply with building codes such as the International Building Code?

Review local modifications to the model codes Codes are frequently revised and sections can be modified, added, or eliminated. Large cities in particular will often rewrite sections of building codes. INCORRECT Rely on the building department's review process to ensure code compliance It is the responsibility of the design professional, not the building department, to ensure code compliance.

An architect is reviewing a contractor's bid for a design-bid-build project. The contractor has included a contingency in their bid price. Which of the following costs or occurrences is the contingency intended to cover?

Contractor errors during construction Contractors include some factor or construction contingency in their bids in an effort to ensure they will not lose money on the project. An example of something that contingencies are intended to protect against is contractor errors during construction. Errors in contractor pricing Contractors include some factor or construction contingency in their bids in an effort to ensure they will not lose money on the project. One thing that contingencies are intended to protect against is errors made in contractor pricing. Costs related to dispute resolution Contractors include some factor or construction contingency in their bids in an effort to ensure they will not lose money on the project. Contingencies may be intended to protect against anticipated costs related to dispute resolution, legal fees, and claims against the client or subcontractors.

A project manager is reviewing a list of closeout procedures as a project nears the end of construction administration. Which of the following are the architect's responsibilities prior to project completion?

Contractor's final application for payment review Reviewing and approving the final payment application is a critical step during project completion and is referenced in AIA A201. Contractor's final change order review Reviewing and approving the final change order is a critical step during project completion, as the final change order is issued alongside the final payment application. Final project inspection The architect is responsible for a final project inspection upon the contractor's request. INCORRECT Final site cleaning inspection Final cleaning of the site is the contractor's responsibility; the architect does not verify that this has taken place. Record drawings review The architect does not typically have any involvement with the creation or reviewing of record drawings.

An owner has contracted an architect to design a large multi-family building in an up-and-coming part of town. The owner would like to schedule an in-person kickoff meeting to meet with the architect and the architect's consultants. What actions should the architect take to prepare for the meeting?

Create a meeting agenda and issue it to all attendees Agendas should be prepared before project meetings to keep the meetings on task and ensure everyone's time is used efficiently.

An architect is determining the accessibility requirements that apply to an urban mixed-use multifamily residential project with 15 units. ADA violations are handled by which of the following?

Department of Justice The ADA is federal law enacted in 1990 requiring public facilities to be accessible to persons with disabilities. This law is enforced by the Department of Justice. INCORRECT Local AHJ The local authority having jurisdiction, such as the local building department, does not regulate violations of the ADA. Violations of the law are resolved in the court system.

The architect is evaluating the fee structure if building information modeling (BIM) is used. What are the impacts on the design fees resulting from the use of BIM?

Design development fee percentage is increased Traditional design development fee percentage is 20%. Using BIM, this percentage has increased to 40%. Construction documents (including bidding/negotiation) fee percentage is decreased The traditional construction documents (including bidding/negotiation) fee percentage is 45%. Using BIM, this percentage has decreased to 25%. Schematic design fee percentage is increased Traditional schematic design fee percentage is 15%. Using BIM, this percentage has increased to 22%. INCORRECT Construction phase services fee percentage remains the same Traditionally, construction phase services are 20%. Using BIM, this percentage has decreased to 15%.

An architect has just started a small firm and has a variety of projects with various delivery methods. The architect is considering how to staff each project, and wants to place their most detail-oriented team members appropriately. Which delivery method requires the most detailed construction documentation sets?

Design-bid-build Design-bid-build projects are required to have detailed drawings because of the bidding process. Any changes to the design after the contract is awarded can result in costly change orders.

Near the end of project construction, the owner requests to use the existing plans to construct another restaurant on a different site across town. How should the architect respond to the owner's request?

Enter into a new contract to produce the drawings While the drawings produced for the first project will serve as a starting point, the drawings will need to be adapted to the new site. This should be treated as a new project with a new contract. INCORRECT Renegotiate under the existing contract to produce the drawings Because it is so close to the end of construction, renegotiating the existing contract would be unnecessarily complicated. The architect will need to start the new drawings at an earlier stage of design. Submit the same plans to the city to expedite the review process The site will be different and thus, the drawings will be inaccurate.

The client has purchased an adjacent lot. This will expand the scope of work, since the client seeks to develop the property adding more recreational amenities. What changes should the architect make to the original contract, compensation, and scope of work?

Enter into a new contract: AIA Document B101-2017 The new site acquisition creates new site assessment, site master planning, new programming, new budget, new consultants, and new designs. It is appropriate for the architect to enter into a new contract: AIA Document B101-2017: Standard Form of Agreement Between Owner and Architect. INCORRECT Prepare a list of Additional Services to the original contract Although the architect may provide Additional Services after execution of the original Agreement, the scope of work that this new project entails would be beyond intent of Additional Services. The new project will have new consultants, new code requirements, new budgets and schedules. Enter into a new contract: AIA Document B106-2010 B106-2010, Standard Form of Agreement Between owner and architect for pro bono services is used with any sized project for pro bono services.

Based on the site plan and program requirements, what team members should the architect include?

Facility Manager The facility manager will contribute to the design process through his/her experience in managing similar facilities, i.e., what works and what doesn't work. Pool designer A qualified recreational pool designer is an important team member, contributing to overall pool area layout, equipment, mechanical systems, lockers, and special features. Franchise owner The franchise owner is the client and would be a key team member. LEED Accredited Professional Since the project seeks LEED Gold certification at a minimum, a LEED Accredited Professional should be part of the team at the concept level to ensure that maximum LEED credits can be addressed. INCORRECT Users The facilities' new members/users are typically not involved in the design process. Community representatives The facility is a privately owned Y-USA franchise, so community representatives are not team members, although they would certainly be consulted regarding community recreational data, goals, and support.

A client has continually requested modifications to a large mixed-use project's scope of work as a result of unforeseen site conditions, community board feedback, and the shifting interests of internal management. Which of the following strategies would best address the frequent changes in project scope as they pertain to the architect?

Scope clauses in the owner-architect agreement Clear clauses regarding the architect's scope of work in the owner-architect contract are a key way to avoid scope creep and the disputes that may come with it. Meeting minutes documentation of project changes As the project changes, clear documentation of actual scope modification must be made in writing and agreed to by the owner and architect. Failure to do so may result in miscommunication, dissatisfaction, and possibly legal proceedings. INCORRECT Journal documentation of project changes Personal notes or journals are not sufficient to avoid disputes and claims regarding scope of work matters; if the notes are in a format that is distributed to and agreed upon by other involved parties, such as meeting minutes, this would contribute to avoiding scope creep and related disputes.

AIA Document C401-2017 states the responsibilities of the consultant. What should the architect expect the consultant to provide? Check the two that apply.

Shall maintain General Liability or Professional Liability insurance Shall not be responsible for the acts of omissions of subcontractors INCORRECT Shall be responsible for the acts of omissions of other persons performing any of the Work. Shall provide site visits during construction of the Project. Site visits are considered an additional service. As stated in Article 4: Additional Services, the Consultant shall provide a specific number of site visits during construction of the Project.

An architect is performing their final review of the contract documents for a new mixed-use building project. The project delivery method is design-bid-build. Which component of the contract documents would communicate the type and quality of building components and systems throughout the project?

Specifications Specifications communicate the type and quality of building components and systems.

The design of a project has been completed and the architect asks for the structural engineer's Computer Aided Design (CAD) files. The architect has hired the structural engineer directly and they have entered into an agreement per AIA C401. After the last invoice is paid, who owns the copyright to the drawings?

Structural Engineer AIA C401 7.1 states that the consultant grants the architect a license to use the consultant's instruments of service in the same manner and extent as the architect gives to the owner. The consultant, who in this case, is the structural engineer, owns the copyright to the drawings.

During construction, the contractor discovers an error in the contract documents that concerns the mechanical, electrical, and plumbing (MEP) design. Which of the following describes the correct action to be taken by the contractor?

Submit a request for information (RFI) to the architect Upon discovery of any error, or discrepancy in the contract drawings, the contractor is obligated to promptly inform the architect.

A potential client has asked their architect to help them evaluate different project delivery methods based on when the construction costs are determined. Using the chart below, drag over the correct response to when the construction costs are determined for each project delivery method.

Using a traditional design-bid-build method, the construction costs are determined after the permitting phase. Using the traditional version of design-build, the construction costs are determined before the design starts. Using the CM-advisor method, the construction costs are determined after the permitting phase. Using the fast track method, the construction costs are determined after the design development phase is complete.

A client would like to build a three-story building in a zone where the maximum building height can only be two stories. What should the architect recommend that the client apply for?

Variance The architect should recommend applying for a variance. A variance is an exception made to the zoning law. In this instance, a variance would allow a taller building to be built in a zone with height restrictions. INCORRECT Conditional use permit A conditional use permit allows a landowner to use a parcel of land in a way other than how it is zoned. Conditional uses are listed in a district's zoning ordinances. Allowing a home-based business in a residential district would be an example of conditional use.

An architect is creating the project manual for a commercial project. The design team is using the standard A101, B101, and A201 agreements for the basis of their contracts. Where would the supplementary conditions be located within the project manual?

Within the general conditions The supplementary conditions are modifications or supplements to the general conditions and are found therein. INCORRECT Within the owner-contractor agreement The owner-contractor agreement is the A101 document. The supplementary conditions are not located in A101. Within the bidding requirements The bidding requirements section of the project manual includes instructions to bidders, bid forms, invitation letters, and any other information regarding the bidding process. The supplementary conditions are not located in the bidding requirements section of the project manual. Within the general requirements The general requirements are Division 01 of the specifications. The supplementary conditions are not located in the specifications section of the project manual.

The project is headed into a financial crisis for the firm. Labor costs are now estimated to be -$ 55,600 at project completion. Compensation was estimated to be $420,000. Planned Cost is $300,000. The planned multiplier formula used for this project is as follows: Compensation/Planned Cost = Planned Multiplier How much will the firm lose?

the answer is 77840 Step 1: Calculate Planned Multiplier using the stated formula. Compensation/Planned Cost = Planned Multiplier $420,000/$300,000 = 1.4 Step 2: Calculate total amount of lost revenue. −$55,600 × 1.4 = −$77,840 The firm will lose $77,840.

A small firm has been selected to design a 120,000 sf. multi-use development. This would be their largest project to date and would occur in tandem with other projects that are underway. The firm has not yet accepted the work, and the firm's leadership does not think they have the staff or expertise to complete the project. What options should the firm consider for how to respond to this awarded project?

Partnering with an outside architect to complete the work If the firm feels they do not have the capacity to complete the project on their own, partnering with an outside architect may allow them to accept the contract, although they will have to split the fee. Declining the project While this project would benefit the firm, the firm must consider declining the project if they do not feel they would be able to complete the work. Hiring additional staff The firm should consider hiring additional staff if they are unsure of their capacity to accept work.

One key consultant for this project is the public swimming pool designer. At what stage should the architect include this consultant?

Preliminary Design The pool designer would contribute significantly to the Preliminary Design by outlining pool options and configurations that meet the OPR; e.g., lap pool, slides, splash pool, physical therapy area, dive pool, equipment locations, and storage. INCORRECT Initial client meeting to develop Owner's Program Requirements (OPR). Incorrect. The initial client meeting to develop Owner's Program Requirements (OPR) would not require any consultants. Once the basic program is developed, the architect would begin to assemble appropriate consultants.

A construction manager is hired to advise a large company during the initial design phase of a complex facility. The construction manager coordinates construction trades for the project. The construction manager's services are provided for a fixed fee, and there is no risk for final construction cost. Savings or overruns are passed to the owner. Which construction delivery method is most applicable?

Construction Manager as Agent (CMa) A CMa is brought on board early during a project to advise the owner on constructability aspects, and can stay further into the project to coordinate construction for a fixed price. INCORRECT Construction Manager as Advisor (CM-Advisor) A CM-Advisor provides advice on constructability and cost estimation but does not construct buildings.

A client has asked their architect to recommend a delivery method which would allow them to fast-track their large retail center. Which of the following delivery methods should the architect recommend?

Construction manager The construction manager delivery system works well for fast-tracked projects. INCORRECT Design-assist Design-assist is a procurement method for highly technical projects where key subcontractors and suppliers would help design and integrate complex building systems. Integrated project delivery Integrated project delivery is the best choice when having high collaboration and shared risk among all parties is desired.

To comply with ADA requirements for the recreation center, which authority should the architect confer with?

Building Department The Building Department will review accessibility compliance based on the International Building Code and adopted local and state guidelines. NOTE: DOJ's and DOT's ADA Standards are not a building code, nor are they enforced like one. They constitute design and construction requirements issued under a civil rights law. The ADA's mandates, including the accessibility standards, are enforced through investigations of complaints filed with federal agencies, or through litigation brought by private individuals or the federal government. There is no plan review or permitting process under the ADA. Nor are building departments required or authorized by the ADA to enforce the ADA Standards (some building departments even include a disclaimer on their plan checks indicating that ADA compliance is not part of their approval process). Entities covered by the law ultimately are responsible for ensuring compliance with the ADA Standards in new construction and alterations. INCORRECT American Disabilities Association The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) is a civil rights law that prohibits discrimination against individuals with disabilities in all areas of public life, including jobs, schools, transportation, and all public and private places that are open to the general public.

An architect is reviewing zoning documentation to determine constraints on a project site. Which of the following are aspects of site development typically constrained by zoning regulations?

Building setbacks Signage restrictions Historic preservation requirements

Which contract should be referenced when deciding the level of liability, if any, between the architect and electrical consultant?

C401 The electrical engineer serves as the architect's consultant. Therefore, the contract that would be used is "Standard Form of Agreement between Architect and Consultant."

According to AIA contracts, which types of insurance should the architect have, including the type that would be needed in this situation?

Commercial General Liability Employer's Liability Professional Liability

Which type of umbrella insurance policies should the architect have for this project, that will include the owner as an additional insured for claims caused in whole or in part by the architect's negligent acts?

Commercial General Liability See B101 Section 2.5.7. Automobile Liability See B101 Section 2.5.7. INCORRECT Employer's Liability Worker's Compensation Professional Liability

An architect is designing a 10-unit residential building and is reviewing the ADA requirements. Which one of the following statements about ADA compliance is correct?

From the centerline of a water closet to a side wall or partition with grab bars shall be 16"-18" The required range between the centerline of a water closet to a side wall or partition with grab bars shall be 16"-18", which is based on reach ranges and leverage for movement using one's arms. A longer reach reduces leverage, and thus may be worse than too little space (Section 406-457). INCORRECT A cane detection rail is required when vertical clearance is less than 84" Guardrails or other barriers shall be provided where the vertical clearance is less than 80" (6'-8") high, not 84" or 7'-0" high. The leading edge of such guardrail or barrier shall be located 27" maximum above the finish floor or ground. Alterations to qualified historic buildings and facilities must comply with all 2010 ADA Standards for Accessible Design Where the State Historic Preservation Officer or Advisory Council on Historic Preservation determine that compliance with the requirements for accessible routes, entrances, or toilet facilities would threaten or destroy the historic significance of the building or facility. The exceptions are for alterations to qualified historic buildings or facilities for that element shall be permitted to apply. The Federal Fair Housing Act of 1988 requires all single-family residential units constructed after March 31, 1991, to be adaptable for use by persons with disabilities The Federal Fair Housing Act of 1988 includes Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) regulations requiring all residential complexes of four or more dwelling units constructed after March 31, 1991, to be adaptable for use by persons with disabilities, not all single-family residential units as the question states.

What AIA Document should the architect use when exchanging information with any project party to serve as a written record?

G810-2001 G810-2001, Transmittal Letter, serves as a written record of parties' exchanged information. INCORRECT G716-2004 G716-2004, Request for Information (RFI), is used to formally request further information from a party during construction. G807-2001 G807-2001, Project Team Directory, lists basic information about project team members. G801-2017 G801-2017, Notice of Additional Services, is intended to be used by an architect when notifying an owner of additional services pursuant to the AIA's owner/architect agreements.

A new outlet store is being designed for a space in an existing building. The architect of the project is assembling the contract documents and the project manual. The project will be competitively bid. Which documents will the architect need to include in both the project manual and contract documents package?

General conditions The general conditions are included in both the project manual and the contract documents. The general conditions describe the rights, responsibilities, and relationships of the owner, the contractor, and the architect. Supplementary conditions The supplementary conditions are included in both the project manual and the contract documents. The supplementary conditions outline procedural, administrative, and contractual requirements unique to the project. Owner-contractor agreement The owner-contractor agreement is included in both the project manual and the contract documents. The project manual contains legal and contractual information. Technical specifications The technical specifications are included in both the project manual and the contract documents. INCORRECT Invitation to bid The invitation to bid is included in the project manual but not the contract documents. The contract documents become the legal agreement between the owner and the contractor. Bidding requirements are not included in the agreement. Bid forms The bid forms are included in the project manual but not the contract documents. The contract documents become the legal agreement between the owner and the contractor. Bidding requirements are not included in the agreement.

Per accessibility requirements, what is the correct minimum head clearance height for the structural beam?

Head clearance is one of the most common errors/omissions in ADA design. Per the ADA Guidelines Section 307.4, "Vertical Clearance shall be 80 in (2030 mm) high minimum."

An architectural project manager has been approached by their firm's principal about a new project that the firm is pursuing. The firm has not yet received the request for proposal (RFP) from the owner. What should be the project manager's next step in assigning staff members to the project?

Hold off on assigning staff members to the project team until after the request for proposal has been received The request for proposal will include the desired scope of work for the project. That will allow the project manager to make more informed decisions about which staff members will be assigned to the project team. INCORRECT Confirm the availability of staff to work on the project based on their current and projected workloads While this is something that the project manager does need to take into account when assigning staff to the project, this needs to occur after the desired scope of work for the project has been received. Hold off on proposing staff members for the project team until after the project is awarded to the firm Organizational charts that outline proposed team members for a project are included as part of a project proposal. The bigger issue is that the project manager does not know what the desired scope of work is for this project, and they need to be able to assess the desired scope of work before assigning staff members to the team. Allow the principal to assign staff to the project team While the principal and project manager would likely discuss the project and the proposed team staffing, the principal would typically not have significant direct involvement in assigning staff to the project team.

It was determined that a number of the accessibility violations occurred in the approval of shop drawings. Per the AIA contract, which person(s) would have been primarily responsible for approving these shop drawings? I. The owner II. The contractor III. The architect IV. The consultants

II and III See AIA contract C201, Section 3.12.4 and 3.12.5. Per the General Conditions of Construction, the contractor reviews all shop drawings for compliance with the contract documents, and submits to the architect for approval.

A small real estate investor client in Maine has asked an architect to provide design services for schematic design, design development, and construction documents, as well as to oversee construction (contract administration) on a small multifamily residential project. The architect and the client have never worked together and so they are both looking to establish trust with a contract that is fair and equitable. The architect is concerned that going with a fixed fee or percentage-of-construction-cost fee could limit profitability or even cause the architect to lose money if the owner asks for a lot of changes throughout the process. The owner is concerned that an hourly fee will allow the architect to bill for unwanted services. To solve the problem, the architect proposes a hybrid fee structure, with different fee structures applied for each phase.

In schematic design, an hourly rate is the best option for the architect because it will encourage the owner to be decisive and clear and to be efficient with the use of the architect's time. In design development and construction documents, a fixed fee is the best choice because it shows the owner a gesture of good faith and suggests that the architect will be efficient and therefore more likely to deliver the project within the budget for those phases. In contract administration, it is most appropriate to return to an hourly arrangement, because it is very difficult for the architect to predict what changes may come about during construction, and it allows the owner to take a more carte blanche approach, wherein they can select the particular services, meetings, etc., they want to have to ensure the project is delivered. The owner may be tempted to try to hire the architect for a percentage of construction cost upon hearing that architect's fees can tend to be about 8% to 20% of construction costs. While it can be helpful to the architect to use construction cost estimates to calculate an internal budget and determine profitability, a percentage-of-construction-cost fee structure is a bad choice for the architect because it is difficult to assess true construction costs and will not leave much wiggle room for changes made by the owner or the contractor throughout the process. Guaranteed maximum price and lump sum are essentially the same as fixed fee but are terms typically applied to contractor fees and not the architect's fees.

The design for a new daycare has just entered the construction documents phase when the client notifies the architect that they would like to add three new rooms as well as another story to the design. How should the architect proceed?

Inform the client that the requested changes will be charged as additional services The requested changes are significant enough to substantially change the approved design. The architect has spent time producing the construction documents and deserves to be compensated for the additional work that will be created by changing the design.

A project manager is updating the cost of the work estimate for a project as work finishes on the design development phase. Which of the following is true of the architect's cost of the work estimates?

It includes the contractor's profit All costs for the construction of the work itself, including the contractor's construction cost, overhead, and profit are included.

Each phase of a project that is completed by an architecture firm contributes to the continued development and refinement of that firm's formalized design process. How does a firm's completion of a schematic design help the firm prepare for the next project?

It leads to discussion within the firm about the firm's internal processes, and familiarizes team members with the process and products of the firm's approach The opportunity to review internal processes is a benefit of the schematic design phase, because it facilitates a collaborative, firm-wide approach to setting design goals. INCORRECT It enables comparison of financial reports, earnings, and efficiencies through a review that starts during programming and continues through construction administration tasks There are other times to review financial goals and outcomes outside of design phases and peer reviews. It enables the identification of errors for all to see, as well as immediate follow-up with reprimands, so that project managers and project architects avoid the same costly mistakes in the future Reprimanding, berating, or chastising employees, even if done privately, will not foster a creative environment for firm advancement or the achievement of design goals. It confirms the firm's design and management processes, showing why the firm's ideals and methodologies exemplify best practices Individuals should become knowledgeable about the firm's ideals and goals through seminars and peer reviews, but should not automatically establish them as the best way to do things.

A new mixed-use apartment complex is being planned just west of an existing city center. In conducting site analysis, the project architect documents a myriad of existing transportation options. Which of the following is a true statement about the existing transportation on site?

It promotes transit-oriented development (TOD) Existing transportation on a project site can provide opportunities for the architect by meeting city or county zoning requirements or ordinances that require a TOD, (i.e., higher-density zoning). These could include, for example, providing non-vehicular access through mass transit, bike networks, ferries, and rail to employees, tenants, and customers to project type, (i.e., offices, retail, housing, school). TOD contributes to reducing overall parking demand. INCORRECT It encourages pedestrian-oriented streets Existing transportation on a project site may or may not promote pedestrian-oriented streets. Existing infrastructure may prohibit pedestrian accessibility. It reduces overall project costs Existing infrastructure, if it is modern and meets contemporary transit solutions, could reduce overall project costs. However, introducing a new project type to the site, such as office buildings, corporate campus or mixed uses, will necessitate new traffic studies and addition or subtraction of existing infrastructure. These changes might include new bike lanes, pedestrian walkways, public parks, urban landscape, crosswalks, and street lighting in order to meet the requirements of the new buildings. It reduces environmental impacts Although the disruption of existing streets could be minimized, the condition of the existing transportation infrastructure is unknown and therefore, cannot be a true statement.

The architect is reviewing the agreement terms with the owner and contractor. What should the architect outline regarding ownership and use of drawings, specifications, and other instruments of service?

Ownership of Drawings and Specifications includes copyrights Suppliers are authorized to use and reproduce the Instruments of Service provided to them solely and exclusively for execution of the work. Suppliers shall not own or claim a copyright in the Instruments of Service Subcontractors may not use the Instruments of Service for additions to the project outside the scope of work without the specific written consent of the owner, architect, and the architect's consultants. INCORRECT Only the architect shall be deemed the author and owner of its Instruments of Service, including Drawings and Specifications. The architect and the architect's consultants shall be deemed the authors and owners of their respective Instruments of Service, including Drawings and Specifications.

A significant component of project success involves understanding and meeting client expectations. The architect is responsible for establishing performance criteria to meet these client expectations. How should the architect best manage client expectations to align with project milestones?

Monitor client objectives Project programming, establishing design and construction schedules, budgets, and milestones, managing consultants', document reviews, and providing quality assurance are essential criteria for monitoring client objectives. Track required services Tracking required services include keeping owner-architect agreements readily accessible, providing "standard of care" throughout project phases, and managing scope of services with appropriate staff. Manage information Managing and directing the flow of project information and saving that informaton in an orderly manner is perhaps the most important responsibility of the project manager and architect. This includes distribution of information effectively to all parties, and establishing a project filing system that is flexible and comprehensive. INCORRECT Send weekly progress reports Progress reports are important, however, weekly reports are not required unless specifically noted in the Owner-Architect agreement. This may result in a Supplemental Services with additonal fee. Conduct site inspections with the owner The architect is not required to conduct "inspections" of construction work. Inspections are conducted by building authorities. In addition, site visits do not require attendance of the owner. Resolve difficult issues with legal counsel present Architects should discuss difficult issues directly with the client and other project participants. Only if, and when issues are not resolved, should legal counsel be engaged. The architect should follow the conflict resolution steps established in the agreement.

While performing a code review, the architect is confirming the egress components of an unsprinklered three-story apartment building that a peer and team member designed. All of the typical two-bedroom units show a distance of 110' from the furthest point of the unit to the unit entry. Based on table below, what is the maximum allowable length for the project described above? Using the image below, click the correct value.

NP is the correct answer. The building described is an unsprinklered R-2 occupancy. According to the table, this situation is not allowed and therefore is NP or Not Permitted. This is due to the requirement that all R-2 occupancies be sprinklered. Once redesigned as sprinklered, the common path of travel can be up to 125' allowing the design to proceed forward.

An architect is coordinating documentation of project team members on a new healthcare project. They have received a Memorandum of Understanding, partnering agreements and specific AIA Document contracts. What are the key aspects of a design team agreement?

Obligations Documentation describes the services to be rendered by each team member in connection with submiting the proposal for the project. Exclusivity For most projects, team members agree that they will market and solicit the design engagement for the project only as part of the team, and will not solicit or accept an engagement from the project owner for the project without the involvement of the other team members. Terms A teaming agreement will identify the period of time the agreement will be in effect. Proprietary information Correct. Documentation will include provisions to protect each team member's proprietary information, data, and materials that may be provided to the other team members, and not to use the other team member's proprietary information for any purpose other than for preparation and submission of a proposal for the project. INCORRECT Identification of diversity among company employees Documentation of design team members should not include identification of employees by race, ethnicity, religion, political affiliation or gender. Identification of any past legal actions Documentation of design team members does not require member firms or individuals to release information regarding past or present legal actions taken on the firm or on behalf of the firm. The architect may engage this research as part of a due diligence process.

The project costs have exceeded the original budget by $750,000. What elements should the architect consider modifying in order to reduce costs?

Omit running track above gymnasium As the program states, adding a running track above gymnasium is an option; therefore, this element could be considered in a cost-cutting assessment. INCORRECT Omit 2nd story amenities The amenities provided on the 2nd floor represent the major revenue sources and cannot be omitted from the program. Reduce number of parking spaces The building classification must comply with the number of parking spaces required by code. Omit pathway to community jogging/biking trails Omitting the pathway to community jogging/biking trails would not reduce costs significantly.

An architecture firm has been contracted to produce construction drawings for a new 35,000 sf. addition to an existing senior living facility. The design development phase has been completed and submitted to the owner for final review. Once construction documents are complete, the project will be put out to a public bid. A progress meeting has been scheduled to discuss the project with the design team. What items might the design team discuss during this progress meeting?

Owner feedback received The design team should discuss and evaluate owner feedback received after the completion of a project phase. Authorities having jurisdiction and required approvals Required approvals should be discussd when moving towards the construction document phase. Owner budget considerations The project should be evaluated for compliance with the owner's budget at each phase. INCORRECT Requests for information and submittals Requests for information and submittals occur during the the construction administration phase. Consultant fees At this stage, consultants' proposed fees for the project would have already been approved. Contractor selection The prompt states that the contractor will be selected following a public bid.

During construction, the owner, architect, and contractor must work to ensure adequate communication among the project team. Which of the following describes a proper communications protocol?

Owner must involve the architect in discussions with the contractor that relate to the design of the project To ensure the project continues smoothly, the architect must be included on any substantial discussions with the contractor. Since the design is a substantial portion of the architect's professional responsibility, the owner is required to keep the architect involved in discussions with the contractor about changes to the design. See AIA B101-2017 Section 5.12.

Per the architectural drawings, the head clearance for an exposed beam along an accessible route was to be mounted at 84" AFF. The structural drawings shows the beam mounted at 78" AFF. The contractor followed the advice of the owner in an RFI during construction, and mounted the beam at 77" AFF. Only one of the drawings show an acceptable mounting height. Who is mostly liable for the mistake?

The Owner In contract B101 Section 2.1.4, the contract states "the architect shall not be responsible for an owner's directive or substitution... made or given without the architect's written approval. INCORRECT The Structural Engineer In a typical situation, it would be the structural engineer's responsibility to get this correct in the structural drawings. However, the owner's RFI response supersedes the structural drawings, as it came during construction. The contractor The contractor followed the instruction of the owner and is not liable. The Architect The architect's drawings comply with accessibility requirements. If the structural engineer was a consultant of the architect, proper coordination would be the responsibility of the architect. However, in contract B101 Section 2.1.4, the contract states "the architect shall not be responsible for an owner's directive or substitution... made or given without the architect's written approval.

Per the architectural drawings, the head clearance for an exposed beam along an accessible route was to be mounted at 84" AFF. The structural drawings shows the beam mounted at 78" AFF. The contractor followed the advice of the owner in an RFI during construction, and mounted the beam at 77" AFF. Only one of the drawings show an acceptable mounting height. Who is mostly liable for the mistake? Which contract should be referenced when deciding who is liable in this situation?

The Owner In contract B101 Section 2.1.4, the contract states "the architect shall not be responsible for an owner's directive or substitution... made or given without the architect's written approval. B101 The structural engineer is the owner's consultant. In the Standard Form of Agreement between Owner and Architect, Section 4.1.1.20 in the Supplemental Services chart, it should be listed if the architect or owner is responsible for the coordination of the owner's consultants.

During the course of construction, project changes occur that affect the contract sum and timeline. What information will be included on the change order document?

The amount that the contract sum increases or decreases Execution of a completed G701-2017 indicates agreement of all terms of the change, including any changes in the contract sum. The net change by previously authorized change orders The net change by previously authorized change orders is included in each change order document. The contract sum prior to the change order The G701-2017 provides the amount of the contract sum prior to the change order. The new date of substantial completion When a change in time is needed, the new date of substantial completion is provided on the change order document. INCORRECT The date of commencement of the work The date of commencement of the work is part of A101-2017, Article 3 3.1. Additional services incurred by the architect The change order form only tracks the construction costs where the architect's fee is not included.

During construction on a new mixed use development, an architect and their structural engineering consultant perform a site visit to observe construction progress. The engineer determines that the concrete slabs need additional testing to verify compliance with project specifications. The architect has informed both the owner and contractor of this request, and the contractor has notified the subcontractor who installed the work in question. The project team operates under standard AIA contracts. Who is responsible for organizing and coordinating the testing of the work?

The contractor A201 is clear that the contractor must coordinate the testing of the work unless other arrangements have been made. This is true also of scenarios involving construction managers. INCORRECT The subcontractor A201 is clear that the contractor must coordinate the testing of the work, unless other arrangements have been made. This is true also of scenarios involving construction managers.

Per the architectural drawings, the height for several light switches in accessible spaces were to be mounted at 48" AFF max. The electrical drawings show the switches mounted at 50" AFF max, but the architect missed this mistake. The contractor missed the discrepancy as well, and followed the electrical drawings. The architect's drawings show the correct mounting height. Who is mostly liable for the mistake?

The electrical engineer C401 would apply in this situation. Section 1.4 states that "The consultant is an independent contractor" and "The architect shall not be responsible for the acts or omissions of the consultant." Therefore, the electrical engineer is responsible. INCORRECT The Architect The architect should have noticed the mistake in the electrical drawings. However, C401 would apply in this situation. Section 1.4 states that "The consultant is an independent contractor" and "The architect shall not be responsible for the acts or omissions of the consultant." Therefore, the electrical engineer is responsible. The contractor While the contractor should have noticed the discrepancy and submitted an RFI to the architect, the contractor does not assume the responsibility for a mistake in the electrical drawings.

During a complete interior renovation of an existing restaurant, the restaurant owner directs the plumber not to install the specified grease interceptor to offset other cost increases on the job. The owner indicates that it is unnecessary because they don't use a lot of grease in their cooking. Which of the following explanations is correct?

The owner cannot waive the requirements to comply with plumbing code Code requirements are the law and must be followed. Neither the owner nor the plumber have the right to waive or determine the necessity of following plumbing codes. INCORRECT The grease interceptor isn't required unless the plumbing inspector mandates it Code requirements are the law and must be followed. The plumbing inspector would mandate it if it's an item that the code requires. The owner can choose not to install the grease interceptor if they accept liability for any plumbing issues Code requirements are the law and must be followed. Neither the owner nor the plumber have the right to waive or determine the necessity of following plumbing codes.