BSC homework 1

_____ are found only in plant cells, but _____ are found in both plant and animal cells.

Central vacuoles; ribosomes ==Central vacuoles are found only in plant cells. Ribosomes are found in both plant and animal cells.

Guided Video Tour: Plant and animal cells have common and unique structures

Eukaryotic cells include plant and animal cells, which are relatively large and complex compared to prokaryotic cells. Eukaryotic cells contain a plasma membrane and cytoplasm. Eukaryotic cells also contain membrane-bound structures called "organelles," which perform specific jobs. Organelles found in both plant and animal cells include a nucleus, endoplasmic reticulum, ribosomes, and mitochondria.

Which of the following is part of the endomembrane system?

Golgi apparatus ==The endomembrane system includes the ER, the Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, and vesicles. It manufactures, processes, and transports lipids and proteins. The Golgi apparatus processes and packages proteins.

Which of the following organelles breaks down worn-out organelles?

Lysosomes == Lysosomes contain digestive enzymes and break down worn-out organelles.

Can you match the characteristics with the correct organelle? Sort each structure or function depending on whether it describes a chloroplast or a mitochondrion.

Mitochondria and chloroplasts are organelles that perform vital functions in living cells. Mitochondria in plant cells and animal cells help convert chemical energy from sugar into ATP that the cell can more easily use. This process is called cellular respiration. Chloroplasts are found only in the cells of plants and some algae. Chloroplasts help turn sunlight into sugar in a process called photosynthesis. The sugars generated in photosynthesis can be used by the plant itself during its own cellular respiration, or by animals that eat the plant.

Which plant cell organelle converts chemical fuel into packets of chemical energy that can power the cell?

Mitochondrion. =In both plant and animal cells, it's the mitochondria that convert chemical fuel into packets of chemical energy that can power the cell.

One of the ways smooth endoplasmic reticulum (ER) differs from rough endoplasmic reticulum is that rough ER is covered by

Ribosomes ==Ribosomes dock on the rough ER, and proteins are completed inside the rough ER.

Which of the following is a function of the central vacuole?

Storing compounds produced by the cell ==One of the functions of the central vacuole is to store compounds produced by the cell.

What describes the function of the chloroplast?

The chloroplast converts light energy to chemical energy. ==The chloroplast makes food for the plant cell by converting light energy to chemical energy.

Plant cells and animal cells have many things in common, but they do have some structures that are unique, too. Which of the following structures are found in plant cells but not in animal cells?

chloroplast/ cell wall

The structural framework in a cell is the

cytoskeleton ==The cytoskeleton is the structural framework in a cell ("cyto" refers to cell and "skeleton" refers to a structural framework).

Diffusion movement

high to low concentration

The plant cell wall

is a protective structure made of cellulose fibrils. ==The cell wall is a structure that protects the plant cell and is made of cellulose fibrils.

What carries instructions for making proteins from the nucleus into the cytoplasm?

mRNA ==The "m" in mRNA stands for "messenger"; mRNA is the messenger that carries genetic instructions from the nucleus to the cytoplasm.

Where in a cell is ATP made?

mitochondria ==ATP is made in mitochondria.

Where is the genetic information of the cell stored?

nucleus ==DNA is the genetic information of the cell, and it is stored in the nucleus.

What structure acts as a selective barrier, regulating the traffic of materials into and out of the cell?

plasma membrane =The plasma membrane surrounds the cell and regulates the movement of materials into and out of the cell.

Where are lipids made in the cell?

smooth endoplasmic reticulum (ER) ==The smooth ER makes lipids.