BSC2086 Exam III Chapter 17 Blood
In which of the following situations would you expect the blood level of bilirubin to be elevated?
a person suffering from hemolysis and an alcoholic with a damaged liver
________ involves a cascade of reactions leading to the conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin.
Fibrinolysis
You are caring for a female adult patient who weighs 40 kg (90 lbs). Assuming no loss of blood, what would her approximate blood volume be?
3.8 L
The average lifespan of a red blood cell is
4 months
A typical adult hematocrit is around
45
Formed elements make up about what percentage of blood?
45 percent
The total volume of blood in the body of an adult male is approximately ________ liters
5 to 6
Plasma composes about ________ percent of whole blood, and water composes ________ percent of the plasma volume.
55, 92
Which of the following is not true of monocytes?
about same size as basophils
The intrinsic pathway of coagulation is activated by the
activation of proenzymes exposed to collagen
Which of these descriptions best matches the term platelets
adhere to collagen beneath endothelium
Which plasma protein is a major contributor to the osmotic pressure of plasma?
albumin
The most abundant proteins in blood plasma are
albumins
Hemolytic disease of the newborn may result if
an Rh-negative mother carries an Rh-positive fetus
After donating 0.5 liter of blood, one would expect
an increased reticulocyte count
Which of these is not one of the formed elements of blood?
antibodies
A person with Type A blood has
antigen A on the RBCs and anti-B antibodies in the plasma
White blood cells that release histamine at the site of an injury are
basophils
The function of hemoglobin is to
carry oxygen
The function of red blood cells is to
carry oxygen from the lungs to the body's cells
A substance that activates plasminogen might be useful to
cause clot dissolution to proceed faster
The chief differences between plasma and interstitial fluid involves the
concentration of proteins
Which of the following is true of basophils?
constitute about 1 percent of WBCs promote inflammation granules contain histamine contain dense blue stained granules in the Wright stain all of the above
The common pathway of coagulation begins with the
conversion of Factor X to prothrombinase
Platelets are
cytoplasmic fragments of large cells
The pus associated with infected wounds contains
dead neutrophils. cellular debris. tissue fluids. all of the above
Which of these descriptions best matches the term lymphocytes?
defend against specific pathogens or toxins
The process of fibrinolysis
dissolves clots
Platelets function in all of the following, except
dissolving a formed clot
The level of erythropoietin in the blood would rise due to all of the following, except
during fasting
White blood cells that are increased in allergic individuals are the
eosinophils
The process of red blood cell production is called
erythropoiesis
Red blood cell production is regulated by the hormone
erythropoietin
The yellow color that is visible in the eyes and skin in jaundice results from
excessive amounts of bilirubin in the plasma. extensive breakdown of RBCs. destruction of hemoglobin. all of the above
Tissue factor (Factor III) is a factor in the ________ pathway
extrinsic
A plasma protein essential for blood coagulation is
fibrinogen
A hematocrit provides information on
formed elements abundance
Each hemoglobin molecule contains
four iron atoms
The percent fraction of formed elements relative to whole blood is the
hematocrit
The waste product bilirubin is produced from
heme molecules lacking iron
More than 95 percent of the protein in a red blood cell is
hemoglobin
Which of these proteins functions to store or transport oxygen?
hemoglobin
Some rat poisons contain a toxin that blocks the liver's ability to utilize vitamin K. Animals that consume this poison would die of
hemorrhage
Mary is tested for the amount of hemoglobin in her blood. The test results indicate that her hemoglobin level is 16 g/dL of blood. This value indicates that
her hemoglobin level is normal
Which of these descriptions best matches the term colony stimulating factor
hormone that regulates blood cell formation
Plasma proteins essential in body defense are the
immunoglobulins
All of the following are true of neutrophils, except that they are
important in coagulation
An obstruction in blood flow to the kidneys would ultimately result in
increased erythropoiesis
Plasma is closest in composition to
interstitial fluid
Platelet factor (PF-3) is a factor in the ________ pathway
intrinsic
Each heme ring in hemoglobin encloses an atom of
iron
Which of the following is not true of neutrophils
less abundant than lymphocytes
Which organ secretes most of the plasma proteins?
liver
Platelets are pinched off from giant multinucleated cells in the bone marrow called
megakaryocytes
If bile ducts are blocked
more bilirubin appears in the plasma, and bilirubin appears in the skin and eyes
During a bacterial infection you would expect to see increased numbers of
neutrophils
The most abundant white blood cells are
neutrophils
The most numerous WBCs in a differential count of a healthy individual are
neutrophils
The most numerous white blood cells in peripheral circulation are the
neutrophils
All the circulating red blood cells originate in the
red bone marrow
Granulocytes form in
red bone marrow
In adults, erythropoiesis exclusively takes place in
red bone marrow
In adults, the only site of red blood cell production, and the primary site of white blood cell formation, is the
red bone marrow
The extrinsic pathway of coagulation is initiated by the
release of tissue factor (Factor III) by damaged endothelium
The developmental stage at which erythrocytes enter the circulation is as
reticulocytes
Which of the following would you expect to see in increased numbers in a peripheral blood sample after donating a unit of blood?
reticulocytes
Aged and damaged erythrocytes are broken down by macrophages in the
spleen liver bone marrow all of the above
The process of lymphopoiesis goes on in all of the following organs, except
the kidney
Most of the protein factors that are required for clotting are synthesized by
the liver
People with type AB blood are considered the "universal recipient" for transfusions because
their blood lacks A or B antibodies
The conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin is catalyzed by the enzyme
thrombin
Which of the following is a function of the blood?
transport of nutrients and wastes transport of body heat transport of gases defense against toxins and pathogens all of the above
Each of the following is a characteristic of whole blood, except a
viscosity about the same as water
The most abundant component of plasma is
water
The combination of plasma and formed elements is called
whole blood
Bill wants to determine his blood type, so he takes a few drops of blood from a puncture wound in his finger and mixes it with various antisera. His blood cells agglutinate when mixed with the anti-A sera but not with the anti-B or anti-D sera. This means
Bill could receive type A-negative blood in a transfusion. Bill could donate blood to an individual with type AB blood. Bill is Rh negative. Bill's plasma contains B antibodies. all of the above
When a person who lives at sea level vacations in the Rocky Mountains, you would expect
a drop in oxygen levels. the release of erythropoietin. a rise in hematocrit. all of the above
________ are large phagocytic white cells that spend most of their time outside the blood as fixed and free phagocytic cells
Monocytes
Which of the following statements concerning red blood cells is false?
Red cells are about 18 µm in diameter
________ are immature erythrocytes that are present in the circulation
Reticulocytes
How would removal of calcium ions from a blood sample affect coagulation
The coagulation pathway would be lacking a required cofactor at many steps and coagulation would be prevented
Which of the following statements about blood is false?
normal pH is 6.8 to 7.0
Which of these descriptions best matches the term eosinophils?
often elevated in allergic individuals
Erythropoiesis is stimulated when
oxygen levels in the blood decrease and blood flow to the kidney declines
The enzyme that can digest fibrin and dissolve a clot is
plasmin
Which of the following is not a component of plasma?
platelets
A person's blood type is determined largely by the
presence of specific glycoproteins on the cell membrane
Most of the iron that is removed from degraded hemoglobin is
recycled to the red bone marrow.