BSC2086 Exam III Chapter 17 Blood

In which of the following situations would you expect the blood level of bilirubin to be elevated?

a person suffering from hemolysis and an alcoholic with a damaged liver

________ involves a cascade of reactions leading to the conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin.

Fibrinolysis

You are caring for a female adult patient who weighs 40 kg (90 lbs). Assuming no loss of blood, what would her approximate blood volume be?

3.8 L

The average lifespan of a red blood cell is

4 months

A typical adult hematocrit is around

45

Formed elements make up about what percentage of blood?

45 percent

The total volume of blood in the body of an adult male is approximately ________ liters

5 to 6

Plasma composes about ________ percent of whole blood, and water composes ________ percent of the plasma volume.

55, 92

Which of the following is not true of monocytes?

about same size as basophils

The intrinsic pathway of coagulation is activated by the

activation of proenzymes exposed to collagen

Which of these descriptions best matches the term platelets

adhere to collagen beneath endothelium

Which plasma protein is a major contributor to the osmotic pressure of plasma?

albumin

The most abundant proteins in blood plasma are

albumins

Hemolytic disease of the newborn may result if

an Rh-negative mother carries an Rh-positive fetus

After donating 0.5 liter of blood, one would expect

an increased reticulocyte count

Which of these is not one of the formed elements of blood?

antibodies

A person with Type A blood has

antigen A on the RBCs and anti-B antibodies in the plasma

White blood cells that release histamine at the site of an injury are

basophils

The function of hemoglobin is to

carry oxygen

The function of red blood cells is to

carry oxygen from the lungs to the body's cells

A substance that activates plasminogen might be useful to

cause clot dissolution to proceed faster

The chief differences between plasma and interstitial fluid involves the

concentration of proteins

Which of the following is true of basophils?

constitute about 1 percent of WBCs promote inflammation granules contain histamine contain dense blue stained granules in the Wright stain all of the above

The common pathway of coagulation begins with the

conversion of Factor X to prothrombinase

Platelets are

cytoplasmic fragments of large cells

The pus associated with infected wounds contains

dead neutrophils. cellular debris. tissue fluids. all of the above

Which of these descriptions best matches the term lymphocytes?

defend against specific pathogens or toxins

The process of fibrinolysis

dissolves clots

Platelets function in all of the following, except

dissolving a formed clot

The level of erythropoietin in the blood would rise due to all of the following, except

during fasting

White blood cells that are increased in allergic individuals are the

eosinophils

The process of red blood cell production is called

erythropoiesis

Red blood cell production is regulated by the hormone

erythropoietin

The yellow color that is visible in the eyes and skin in jaundice results from

excessive amounts of bilirubin in the plasma. extensive breakdown of RBCs. destruction of hemoglobin. all of the above

Tissue factor (Factor III) is a factor in the ________ pathway

extrinsic

A plasma protein essential for blood coagulation is

fibrinogen

A hematocrit provides information on

formed elements abundance

Each hemoglobin molecule contains

four iron atoms

The percent fraction of formed elements relative to whole blood is the

hematocrit

The waste product bilirubin is produced from

heme molecules lacking iron

More than 95 percent of the protein in a red blood cell is

hemoglobin

Which of these proteins functions to store or transport oxygen?

hemoglobin

Some rat poisons contain a toxin that blocks the liver's ability to utilize vitamin K. Animals that consume this poison would die of

hemorrhage

Mary is tested for the amount of hemoglobin in her blood. The test results indicate that her hemoglobin level is 16 g/dL of blood. This value indicates that

her hemoglobin level is normal

Which of these descriptions best matches the term colony stimulating factor

hormone that regulates blood cell formation

Plasma proteins essential in body defense are the

immunoglobulins

All of the following are true of neutrophils, except that they are

important in coagulation

An obstruction in blood flow to the kidneys would ultimately result in

increased erythropoiesis

Plasma is closest in composition to

interstitial fluid

Platelet factor (PF-3) is a factor in the ________ pathway

intrinsic

Each heme ring in hemoglobin encloses an atom of

iron

Which of the following is not true of neutrophils

less abundant than lymphocytes

Which organ secretes most of the plasma proteins?

liver

Platelets are pinched off from giant multinucleated cells in the bone marrow called

megakaryocytes

If bile ducts are blocked

more bilirubin appears in the plasma, and bilirubin appears in the skin and eyes

During a bacterial infection you would expect to see increased numbers of

neutrophils

The most abundant white blood cells are

neutrophils

The most numerous WBCs in a differential count of a healthy individual are

neutrophils

The most numerous white blood cells in peripheral circulation are the

neutrophils

All the circulating red blood cells originate in the

red bone marrow

Granulocytes form in

red bone marrow

In adults, erythropoiesis exclusively takes place in

red bone marrow

In adults, the only site of red blood cell production, and the primary site of white blood cell formation, is the

red bone marrow

The extrinsic pathway of coagulation is initiated by the

release of tissue factor (Factor III) by damaged endothelium

The developmental stage at which erythrocytes enter the circulation is as

reticulocytes

Which of the following would you expect to see in increased numbers in a peripheral blood sample after donating a unit of blood?

reticulocytes

Aged and damaged erythrocytes are broken down by macrophages in the

spleen liver bone marrow all of the above

The process of lymphopoiesis goes on in all of the following organs, except

the kidney

Most of the protein factors that are required for clotting are synthesized by

the liver

People with type AB blood are considered the "universal recipient" for transfusions because

their blood lacks A or B antibodies

The conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin is catalyzed by the enzyme

thrombin

Which of the following is a function of the blood?

transport of nutrients and wastes transport of body heat transport of gases defense against toxins and pathogens all of the above

Each of the following is a characteristic of whole blood, except a

viscosity about the same as water

The most abundant component of plasma is

water

The combination of plasma and formed elements is called

whole blood

Bill wants to determine his blood type, so he takes a few drops of blood from a puncture wound in his finger and mixes it with various antisera. His blood cells agglutinate when mixed with the anti-A sera but not with the anti-B or anti-D sera. This means

Bill could receive type A-negative blood in a transfusion. Bill could donate blood to an individual with type AB blood. Bill is Rh negative. Bill's plasma contains B antibodies. all of the above

When a person who lives at sea level vacations in the Rocky Mountains, you would expect

a drop in oxygen levels. the release of erythropoietin. a rise in hematocrit. all of the above

________ are large phagocytic white cells that spend most of their time outside the blood as fixed and free phagocytic cells

Monocytes

Which of the following statements concerning red blood cells is false?

Red cells are about 18 µm in diameter

________ are immature erythrocytes that are present in the circulation

Reticulocytes

How would removal of calcium ions from a blood sample affect coagulation

The coagulation pathway would be lacking a required cofactor at many steps and coagulation would be prevented

Which of the following statements about blood is false?

normal pH is 6.8 to 7.0

Which of these descriptions best matches the term eosinophils?

often elevated in allergic individuals

Erythropoiesis is stimulated when

oxygen levels in the blood decrease and blood flow to the kidney declines

The enzyme that can digest fibrin and dissolve a clot is

plasmin

Which of the following is not a component of plasma?

platelets

A person's blood type is determined largely by the

presence of specific glycoproteins on the cell membrane

Most of the iron that is removed from degraded hemoglobin is

recycled to the red bone marrow.