BTNY 110 EXAM 1 Purdue

The compound that is phosphorylated to produce ATP in the last step of respiration is:

ADP

Where does primary growth occur in plant roots?

At the apex or tip of the root

If there is a small, charged molecule in the space outside a cell, which of the following represents the biggest barrier to it getting inside the cell?

CELL MEMBRANE (Charged molecules do not freely pass through the cell membrane.)

Which of the following statements about cell division is FALSE?

Cell division is not required for plant growth.

Which of the following steps of respiration occurs on the internal membrane of the mitochondrion?

Chemiosmosis and oxidative phosphorylation

The nucleus is responsible for:

DNA storage and controlling the cell

Which group of plants has secondary vascular tissues?

Dicots

Which of these electrons has the most potential energy?

Electrons in the outermost shell have the most energy.

Cells in a plant that are carrying out photosynthesis do NOT need to perform respiration.

False

Differentiation describes when one cell divides to become many.

False

In woody plants, the annual rings visible in the stem or trunk are due to secondary phloem being retained each year.

False

Internodes are the sites where leaves attach to the stem.

False

The Krebs cycle produces more ATP than NADH.

False

Which of the following is a component of lipids?

Fatty acids

In the absence of oxygen (O2) which of the following will occur in order to produce ATP?

Fermentation

What is the correct sequence of events in the development of xylem via programmed cell death?

First, rings of lignin are deposited on the side walls, then the end walls between xylem cells are dissolved, and lastly the nucleus degenerates.

In respiration, the Krebs cycle:

In the Krebs cycle, acetate and oxaloacetate are combined to form citrate.

In a cabbage, what part of the plant is reduced in size and results in a compact shoot system?

Internodes are shortened resulting in the compact head of cabbage.

Trichomes are also known as

Leaf hairs

Which of these traits would you expect to find in a plant that has high photosynthetic activity?

Leaves with a high surface area

Which organelle is responsible for production of ATP from glucose in the cell?

Mitochondria

What type of molecule(s) does a cell want to keep on the outside of the plasma membrane?

Molecules that interfere with essential cellular processes are toxic and will probably kill the cell if let inside.

Is cellulose an important source nutrient in a healthy human diet?

No, humans cannot digest cellulose.

Which of the following statements about the vascular system is NOT TRUE?

One group of plants that lacks a vascular system is ferns.

In respiration, what is the final electron acceptor in the mitochondrial electron transport chain?

Oxygen

All of the following can be found in the dermal tissue except:

Phloem

Identify the structure that the line points to in this diagram of a vascular bundle in the stem of a dicot plant. (blue half of a guitar pick)

Phloem

Plant secondary compounds are important in:

Plant secondary compounds are important for the synthesis of chemicals that protect plants from herbivores.

Look at the diagram of a plant cell below. Identify the organelle that the lines points to. (holes in the cell wall)

Plasmodesmata

In respiration, the compound that is transported into the mitochondria after glycolysis is:

Pyruvate

Look at the diagram of a plant cell below. Identify the organelle that is circled. (small grey dots)

Ribosomes

Which of the following is not a characteristic of plants?

Some plants are aquatic but most plants live on the land.

Many plants can spread rapidly by growing horizontal stems known as

Stolons are horizontal stems that some plants use to spread.

Most of the sugar transported around the plant is in the form of:

Sucrose

Which of the following materials is transported throughout the plant in the phloem?

Sugars

When sugar is dissolved in water, why doesn't the sugar break apart in water into carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen?

The atoms in sugar share covalent bonds, which are not affected by the polar water molecules.

What occurs during the G 1 phase of the cell cycle?

The cell duplicates its components during the G 1 phase.

Which of the following statements about the cell membrane is FALSE?

The cell membrane is composed of cellulose and pectin.

What occurs during the G 1 phase of the cell cycle?

The cell must duplicate many of its components

Which of these statements about sclerenchyma tissue is true?

The sclerenchyma provides structural support for the plant

How many major groups of organic molecules, including secondary metabolites, are found in plants?

There are 5 major groups of organic molecules in plants: carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids, proteins and secondary metabolites

Panel A shows a longitudinal section of a plant stem. What type of structure in the xylem is the arrow in panel A pointing to in this micrograph? (left picture long up and down overlapping)

Tracheids

How does water move from roots to shoots in the xylem?

Transpiration of water from leaves pulls water up through the xylem.

Apical meristems are responsible for primary growth.

True

Carbon is the basis of organic chemistry.

True

Cellular respiration is an exergonic reaction, meaning it releases energy.

True

Cellular respiration is considered an oxidative process.

True

In most plants photosynthesis occurs primarily in parenchyma cells.

True

In plants, tissues are derived from meristems.

True

In the cross section of a tree trunk, the wood is composed mainly of xylem.

True

Life can be thought of as a set of complex processes that interact with one another.

True

Membranes are useful in allowing the cell to control what molecules are inside and/or outside the cell.

True

Primary vascular tissue in the shoot is derived from cell division in the shoot apical meristem.

True

Sieve tubes have some cellular components but lack a nucleus.

True

All cells require a mechanism for generating energy.

True (Without energy there is no life.)

Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE about vascular tissue?

Vascular tissue is restricted to the roots

Which of the following is part of the xylem?

Vessels

Which of these items is not directly dependent on the activity of cellulose synthases in plants?

a nylon zipper

The ATP synthase complex in the mitochondrion is driven by:

a proton gradient

In a plant respiration occurs in:

all live cells.

If cell membranes were permeable instead of selectively permeable, and any small molecule could pass through the membrane, how would this be a disadvantage to the cell?

all of the above

Lateral shoot branches develop from

axillary buds

The tissue responsible for producing secondary xylem and increasing the diameter of stems is the:

cambium

Secondary growth increases the ____ of stems

diameter

Sucrose is an example of a:

disaccharide

In a meristem you are most likely to find plant cells that are

dividing

The Casparian Strip forces water and solutes that enter the root to pass through the _____ before entering the vascular system.

endodermis

The Casparian strip is an impermeable layer that surrounds the cells of the

endodermis.

Electrons are found in the nucleus of the atom.

false

When oxygen is not available, which process can still generate ATP from glucose?

fermentation

Which of the following is NOT a function of roots

fixation of carbon dioxide

Which of the following is the smallest?

glucose molecule (With only six carbon atoms (and a handful of oxygens and hydrogens) the glucose molecule is by far the smallest of these choices.)

What are the components of phospholipids?

glycerol, fatty acids, phosphate

To what tissue system does mesophyll belong?

ground

Which of the following specialized epidermal cells allow gasses to move in and out of the interior of the leaf?

guard cells

The universe is mostly made up of:

hydrogen and helium

The proteins that participate in the electron transport chain in respiration are located in:

inner membrane of the mitochondrion.

The flat surface of most leaves provides a large surface area that is important for:

interception of light

The part of the stem which lacks leaves is known as the

internode

When axillary buds expand they will develop into

lateral branches

The Krebs cycle occurs in the:

mitochondria

A zygote grows by the process of

mitosis

Root nodules form on soybean roots in response to infection by:

nitrogen-fixing bacteria

Which of the following cell types is characterized by a thin primary cell wall?

parenchyma

The name of the tissue that conducts sugars throughout the plant is:

phloem

In vascular plants transport of fluids takes place in two specialized tissues called

phloem and xylem.

The cell walls of the endodermis have a suberized Casparian strip that

prevents apoplastic transport into the vascular system

Name the phase of mitosis pictured below. (When the sister chromatids are moving to the middle)

prophase

Translation refers to the process of synthesizing ________ from ________.

proteins from amino acids

Peptide bonds are found in which of these molecules?

proteins.

A cell copies its DNA prior to dividing in a process called

replication

The primary apical meristem is part of what organ or tissue?

shoot apex and the root apex.

What is the primary function of the fleshy leaves of an onion bulb?

store food for the plant

Translocation is defined as

the movement of sugar from a source to a sink.

In some cases the loading of sugar into phloem tissue requires energy supplied by ATP.

true

Sister chromatids are pulled towards the poles during anaphase.

true

Enlargement of plant cells is typically the result of increasing the volume of the

vacuole

john-schuler-10

venmo

Secondary xylem is also known as:

wood