science fill in blanks for test
what non-metal is found in sea water and brine wells
Bromine
What non-metal is contained in cleaning products?
Chlorine
what non-metal is the most abundant halogen
Chlorine
what non-metal is used to disinfect drinking water and swimming pools
Chlorine
what is the significance of cigarette smoke
Cigarette smoke contains large levels of carbon monoxide (It can combine with the hemoglobin in the blood. This prevents the attachment of oxygen molecules to hemoglobin. Thus, the body does not get enough oxygen.)
which elements out of the Alkali metals is used for medicine and photography
Potassium
who discovered sodium and in what year
Sir Humphry Davy in 1807
who discovered argon and in what year
Sir William Ramsay in 1894
what element is found in table salt, lye, and many other compounds
Sodium
Barium is most commonly found as ____.
Barium Sulfate
magnesium is found chemically combined with ____ and as an ion in ____
mineral deposits, sea water
what transition element can be polished to a shiny gloss and used to coat other metals to make them shiny
nickel
the united states nickel coin is made up of which two transition elements
nickel and copper
would life on earth exist without free oxygen
no
Many transition elements have different ____?
oxidation states
the transition element zinc is used in:
paint, medicines, fiberboard, automobile tires
mercury is ___ and should not be ___
poisonous, handled
Actinoids are ___and have little use beyond ___and ___.
radioactive, atomic weapons, nuclear power
in the flame test, what color is strontium
red
what color does neon glow in a discharge tube
reddish orange
The name halogen comes from the Greek roots "hal" meaning ___ and "gen" meaning ____.
salt; to produce
what transition element can be shaped easily and used for other ornaments
silver
what transition element is the best conductor of heat and electricity
silver
what is the least abundant metal in the earth's crust
strontium
Arsenic was the first drug to kill the germs of _________.
syphilis
Where are the transition elements located on the periodic table?
the middle portion
Mercury is useful for:
thermometers, barometers, and electrical switches
most Alkaline earth metals give up their _____ and form ions
two outer electrons
Where is Radium found?
uranium ores
what is the most important oxide
water
Do milk and dairy products contain Calcium?
yes
Is carbon present in all living things?
yes
are the Alkali metals most reactive of all metals
yes
are the Alkali metals soft and do they have relative low melting points
yes
Magnesium is one of the elements in the green plant pigment, called ____.
chlorophyll
what transition element is widely used in electrical wiring and plumbing
copper
The copper family contains three well-known metals. What are they?
copper, silver, gold
Fluorine is a ___, pale ___.
corrosive, yellow gas
what transition element is a liquid at room temperature
mercury
The oxygen group is located in group ___ of the periodic table
16
the noble gases are located in group___ of the periodic table
18
alkaline earth metals are located in group ___ of the periodic table
2
transition elements are from groups ___ through ____
3-12
In the oxygen group, each element has ___ electrons in its outer energy shell
6
explain the importance of Nitrogen
Every living thing requires it. Air is nearly 79% free nitrogen. However, most living things cannot get nitrogen directly from the air. It comes from compounds that are important to people. I.e. NH3 (ammonia). Industries use nitrogen compounds in the form of nitrates in making fertilizers and explosives
What non-metal is the most reactive of all chemical elements?
Fluorine
what non-metal has a low density and what is it used for
Helium, Its low density makes helium useful as a lifting gas in airships and balloons.
if Alkali metals are exposed to air, they form _____ and give off hydrogen gas
Hydroxides
What element was discovered in 1863?
Indium
How can Calcium be prepared?
It can be prepared by passing an electric current through melted calcium chloride
name three physical properties of hydrogen
It is a colorless, odorless, and tasteless gas
what are the practical uses of silicon
It is used to make transistors found in radios, television sets, and computer chips.
Why is Argon found in light bulbs?
Lights bulbs are filled with argon to protect the filaments and make them last longer.
which element is the lightest of all the Alkali metals
Lithium
in pure form, Alkali metals are stored in _____. this is done so they will not react with ____ or ____ vapor in the air.
Oil, Oxygen, Water
Why is barium useful when studying the digestive tract?
Patients swallow a liquid mixture containing barium sulfate, which absorbs X-rays. A doctor can then study the X rays of the digestive tract as the chemical moves through it
name three elements that are named after planets
Plutonium, Neptunium, and Uranium.
Explain Phosphate Pollution
The excessive use of phosphates in detergents contribute to water pollution. Wastewater from the laundry is joined with runoff water from fields fertilized with phosphates and nitrates. This waste often ends up in lakes and rivers. As a result, water plants are fed a diet rich in nutrients. They multiply rapidly and clog the waterways. When these plants die, the supply of oxygen dissolved in the water is used up as they decompose. This process deprives fish and other aquatic life of oxygen. Soap industries are reducing the amounts of phosphates in detergents. This change is helping to reduce this type of pollution
Why is Radium not used in luminous watch dials any more
These watches glowed in the dark. It was later found that using radium for this purpose caused cancer in some of the workers making the dials
What are allotropes?
They are different forms of the same element. They have different properties because they have different arrangements of atoms.
what are some of the characteristics of Alkali Metals
They are usually shiny, reflect light, and are malleable and ductile
Alkaline earth metals react with ___ and give off ____
Water, hydrogen
what is the significance of carbon dioxide
We exhale carbon dioxide. It makes up to 0.04% of the air. CO2 is a waste product of food breakdown in our body cells. Plants convert CO2 to food, helping to keep the amount of CO2 in the atmosphere constant. It is also produced from burning wood, coal, oil, and natural gas.
the two most common allotropes of phosphorus are ___ and ___ phosphors
White and Red
what happens to wood when exposed to fluorine gas
Wood and many other materials burst into flames when exposed to fluorine gas.
what non-metal is used for strobe lamps, where short flashes of light are needed for high-speed photography
Xenon
is lithium valuable in medicine
Yes
is radium more reactive than barium?
Yes
name four ways in which hydrogen reacts
a) hydrogen ion: hydrogen atom can react by losing its one electron to become a positive hydrogen ion; it is simply a bare proton b) Sharing: sharing its single outer electron sharing with non-metals c) hydride ion: is to gain an electron and reacts well with most reactive metals groups I and II d) Formation of bridges: these are between two hydrogen atoms
what transition element is used to produce a special heat-resistant steel in cutting tools
cobalt
what family of elements is makes up group 1 of the periodic table
alkali metals
Zinc is needed in the daily diet. How much is needed? And Why?
at least 15mg per day is necessary for growth and conversion of carbonic acid to CO2 and H2O.
magnesium is strong but not dense. therefore, magnesium is used in the industry when both lightweight are needed i.e. ____,_____,_____
auto parts, aircraft, spacecraft
transition elements are responsible for _____ on beautiful gems
color
Lanthanoids generally form elements that are _____ and show ___ properties.
colored, magnetic
Why is White Phosphorus stored underwater?
because it bursts into flames in the air
Why is table salt "iodized"
because the lack of iodine can cause goiter. For this reason, table salt is often "iodized" to be sure people receive enough iodine.
Pure magnesium burns with a very ____ and is used in ___.
bright flame, flashbulbs
How is iodine purified?
by sublimation (It can change directly to a gas and then back to solid and then back to a gas form without passing through a liquid state)
what transition element is a reddish metal and is a good conductor of heat and electricity
copper
what transition element is easily drawn into wires and pounded or rolled into sheets
copper
what is the second most abundant element in the human body
carbon
what is the color of bromine at room temperature
dark red liquid
Alkali Metals are so reactive that they are never found ______ in nature
free
what transition element is a yellow, soft metal that conducts heat and reflects light well
gold
what transition element is often used with other metals in jewelry because it can be so easily shaped
gold
what elements are combined to make white gold
gold, Copper, nickel, Zinc
what elements are combined to make yellow gold
gold, silver, copper
Most of the transition metals are ___ and have ___.
hard; high melting points
What noble gases do not combine naturally with other elements, and are found free in nature
helium, neon, argon, krypton, xenon, and radon
Which is the lightest of all the elements on the periodic table.
hydrogen
this element is located in the metal area of the periodic table but is still a non-metal
hydrogen
what element can lose and gain electrons
hydrogen
what element was used to fill lighter than air vehicles early in history
hydrogen
Name some products that contain sulfur.
insecticides, fertilizers, medicines, and rubber
where is carbon monoxide produced
internal combustion engines
what is the color of iodine at room temperature and what happens when it's heated
iodine is a gray, shiny solid; it becomes a purple vapor
Alkaline earth metals tend to form compounds by
ionic bonding
what transition element is the second most abundant metal and the fourth most abundant of all elements in the earth's crust
iron
what transition element is used more often than all other metals combined
iron
explain hydrogen peroxide
it is used as a bleach and to kill germs
What are the properties of mercury?
low freezing point and a high boiling point
calcium is used in ____ that are mixed with _____, _____, and _____ materials to make _____ and _____.
making buildings, sand, water, other materials, plaster, mortar
Lithium deficiency results in ____.
manic depressive behavior