BUAD 342 Exam 1

volume, variety, value, velocity, veracity

5Vs of big data

blockchain

A digital ledger in which transactions made in bitcoin or another cryptocurrency are recorded chronologically and publicly

Cloud Computing

A general term for the delivery of hosted services over the internet.

DDoS (Distributed Denial of Service)

An attack on a computer or network device in which multiple computers send data and requests to the device in an attempt to overwhelm it so that it cannot perform normal operations.

phishing

An attack that sends an email or displays a Web announcement that falsely claims to be from a legitimate enterprise in an attempt to trick the user into surrendering private information

Central Processing Unit (CPU)

Brain of the computer that performs instructions defined by software (1. fetch instruction 2. decode instruction 3. execute instruction 4. repeat)

worms

Replicates itself in order to spread to other computers

Random Access Memory (RAM)

Temporary memory a computer uses to store information while it is processing. Helps to control the speed and latency of your processing power.

batch processing

Transaction data is collected and stored for processing at a scheduled time or when a specified amount of data has been collected. (ex. payroll, credit card transaction)

real time processing

Transaction data is immediately processed or close after the transaction occurs. (ex. airline or ticket reservation)

big data

a broad term for datasets so large or complex that traditional data processing applications are inadequate.

decision

a choice made from available alternatives (computer choosing yes or no answer)

router

a device that allows your specific devices access to the internet provided by the modem

Internet of Things (IoT)

a giant network of connect things. The idea that objects are becoming connected to the Internet so they can interact with other devices, applications, or services.

Software as a Service (SaaS)

a method for delivering software applications over the internet on demand and typically on a subscription basis

schema

a model of the data

machine learning

a subset of AI that trains machines how to learn

client

any computer hardware or software device that requests access to a service provided by a server

cybersecurity

application of technologies, processes, and controls to reduce the risk of unauthorized exploitation

composite attribute

attribute you likely want to break down into pieces (example: employee address)

derivable attributes

attributes that you can create or compute using other relation attributes

NoSQL

big data databases - use schema on read

procure to pay

buy "things" event

conversion

buy materials and convert to finished goods

unstructured/no structure data

can be text or non text. snap chats, tweets, mail messages, powerpoint presentations, etc.

multivalued attribute

can have more than one value at a time (example: employee skills, education, etc.)

extract

capture data step

central repository

central place where all the data is stored

transform

clean or "scrub" data step

source data automation (SDA)

collecting data at its point of origin in digital form

rootkits, bootkits, spyware, virus, worms

common cyber threats

numeric, text, booleans (only true or false), date, geolocator

common data types

modems

connect your network to the broader internet

master files

contain balance data or the status of an entity at a point in time

transaction files

contain business activity data (i.e., transaction data used to update balances in master files). Examples include order files, billing files, shipping files, and cash receipt files.

suspense files

contain data awaiting some action to complete their processing

history files

contain inactive past or historical data

reference files

contain referential data such as a tax rate schedule, a volume pricing list, or a listing of the general ledger chart of accounts.

tree/hierarchical, network, relational, object oriented

database management systems

ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning)

deals with big data and allows all departments to have access to data

Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)

delivers hardware networking capabilities, including the use of servers, networking, and storage, over the cloud using a pay-per-use revenue model

Disruptive Technology

displaces an established technology and shakes up the industry or a ground-breaking product that creates a completely new industry

semi structured data

has information associated with it, such as metadata and tags. e.g. JSON (JavaScript Object Notation), data represented as graphs

hybrid cloud

includes two or more private, public, or community clouds, but each cloud remains separate and is only linked by technology that enables data and application portability

relational

interact with one another through lines

data warehouse

is a central repository of information created with data from transactional systems, relational databases, and other sources. used to enable a large number of users to concurrently monior business performance and extract insights useful for decision making

ChatGPT

is a natural language processing tool driven by AI technology that allows you to have human-like conversations and much more with the chatbot. runs on a language model architecture created by OpenAI called the Generative Pre-trained Transformer (GPT).

bot

is a program that operates as an agent for a user or another program or simulates a human activity.

deep learning

is a subfield of machine learning that is concerned with emulating the learning approach that human beings use to gain certain types of knowledge.

1. capturing and recording source data 2. maintaining reference data 3. generating outputs/reports

key information processing steps (3)

load

load data step

operating system

manages all of the software and hardware on your computer (windows, MacOS, IoS)

object oriented

most commonly used today ex. canvas

Deliver goods

most important step in cash to order process (when they are considered sold)

network

multiple paths to get to the data

hierarchical

only one route to get to the data in the model

public clouds

owned and operated by a third-party cloud service provider, which deliver their computing resources like servers and storage over the Internet.

servers

physical or virtual machines that coordinate the computers, programs, and data that are part of the network

receive and inspect goods or services from a vendor

point of purchase in PTP

trojans

poses as trustworthy software

Porter's value chain

recognizes that organizes are elements of a value system (supply chain) (things that businesses do to create and sell products)

Platform as a Service (PaaS)

refers to cloud computing services that supply an on-demand environment for developing, testing, delivering, and managing software applications.

big data repositories

schema-on-read approach

spyware

secretly steals all private information

Cash to Order

sell "things" event

private cloud

serves only one customer or organization and can be located on the customer's premises or off the customer's premises

ransomware

shuts down access to network's essential parts; holds pc hostage and demands money

malware

software that is intended to damage or disable computers and computer systems.

extract-transform-load

steps to construct a data warehouse

networks, devices, applications, and data centers

systems that are especially vulnerable to threats

motherboard

the main circuit board of the computer; the very minimal piece of software that comes with a computer

sequence

the order in which things happen or should happen (steps for computer)

artifical intelligence

the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems

Robotic Process Automation (RPA)

the use of software with artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning capabilities to handle high-volume, repeatable tasks that previously required a human to perform

limited standardization if any; ex. fb collecting all of your data

times big data repositories are used

structured data

traditional database which assumes data that will go into tables, so data is structured to fit that model

traditional databases

use the schema-on-write approach

electronic data interchange (EDI)

used so one company can share the information with another company that requires no people interaction

adware

used to display banner advertising and other commercial advertising

data

what is captured

repetition

when a program may need to run through a set of steps more than once depending on the given input

when we know what kind of data we will need before we even begin to collect it (data stored in tables with relationships)

when to use traditional data bases

hard drive

your computer's storage system

AlphaGo

•in 2017, the Go-playing computer program, Google's AlphaGo, defeated the best Go player of the last decade, Lee Sedol •AlphaGo won by resignation after 186 moves. Go is regarded as one of the hardest games for computers to master due to its sheer complexity. There are roughly 200 possible moves for a given turn compared to about 20 in chess, and more possible board configurations than the number of atoms in the universe