Building construction related to the FS

Fire door letter designations are as follows

* class A firewalls * class B 2 hour rated * class C 1 hour or less * class D severe fire exposure * class E moderate or light exposure

Smoke developed rating does not detect or measure transparent products of combustion such as carbon monoxide the test also does not measure other important smoke quality data such as

* heat * irritation * toxicity * Volatility

types of fire retardant coatings available include

*intumescent coatings * mastics * gas forming paint * cementitious and mineral fiber coatings

1 hour doors are used for

1 hour vertical shaft enclosure and exit enclosures.

fire doors with ratings of ____hours can have glass panels up to 100 in.²

1 to 3

doors with a ___hour rating may not be subjected to the hose test depending on their intended application.

1/3

NFPA occupancy classifications 5000 identify ___ major occupancy classifications

12

The most commonly used test for determining COMBUSTIBILITY is a ASTME

136

fire resistance ratings for test specimens are expressed in standard intervals such as_______ the number is rounded it down to the nearest interval.

15 minutes 30 minutes 45 minutes 1 hour, 1 1/2 hour, 2, 3, 4 hours.

NFPA 220 each classification is designated by three digit number code

1st digit exterior walls 2nd digit structure frame 3rd digit floor.

fabrics weigh less than other roof systems about

2 pounds per square foot.

codes specify the minimum required fuel storage for diesel or gasoline driven generators the amounts are stated in terms of expected duration of operation which may vary from_____ hours. operational requirements for hospitals and other critical facilities however may be up to___ hours or longer.

2 to 8, 48

historically stud wall frame construction has been associated with the use of

2 x 4" inch wood studs.

International code allows firewalls with fire resistant ratings up to____ hours depending on occupancy historically firewalls were required to have a fire resistance rating for __ hours.

2, 3 or 4, 4

type II construction Some building codes contain a provision to make the fire resistance rating for a roof construction for some occupancy types when the roof is located more than___ feet above the floor.

20

Fire doors are rated in increments of time from

20 minutes to 4 hours.

draft curtains curtain boards maybe used in conjunction with smoke vents to increase the effectiveness the depth of the curtain board will vary depending on the nature of the hazards within an occupancy but should not be less than_____ curtain boards should be spaced so that they are not farther apart than____ the ceiling height.

20% ceiling height, eight times

Flame spread ratings over ____ are not permitted in occupancies.

200

duct detectors are typically provided for fans with capacities exceeding______ ft.³ per minute to stop the systems under fire conditions and minimize unwanted smoke movement.

2000

according to the test protocols the flame will travel along the oak flooring

24 feet in 5 1/2 minutes

dynamic load of a stream discharging____ gallons per minute may impact its target with___

250, 2080 pounds of water per minute.

The primary points of failure for the test are failure to support an applied load temperature increase on the unexposed side of wall floor and roof of____°F above ambient temperatures passage of heat or flame through the assembly sufficient to ignite____ excess temperatures on steel members

250, cotton waste

NFPA____ test material is judged either satisfactory or unsatisfactory

265

ASCE SFPE___ provides methods for calculating fire resistance ratings that are equivalent to the results obtained from the standard fire test

29

when transformers are inside codes require that the transformer rooms or vaults be enclosed in__ hour fire rated construction if not protected by automatic sprinklers or 1 hour fire rated construction with sprinklers

3

codes typically require____ hour rated doors in firewalls of greater than 2 hour rating.

3 or 4

codes also require protection for stairs serving floors more than____ feet below the level of exit discharge

30

____hour rated firewalls must be constructed of masonry or concrete

4

Codes do not allow a combination of materials exceed a maximum smoke developed rating of____.

450

electricity is used at___ V by HVAC equipment refrigeration and other motors and at____ V by light fixture ballasts. Schools medical facilities strip malls factories big box stores.

480, 277

Electric utilities supplies many buildings with ______V services which can carry the same amount of energy in smaller wire in conduit when compared to traditional____ V services

480/277, 120/240

freestanding walls must be designed to resist a lateral load of at least

5 pounds per square foot

counterweights reduce the amount of energy needed to raise the elevators operating Heights may require them to have as much as____ V power supply

500

high-voltage equipment is defined as operating at____ V or higher

600

NFPA____ requires that enclosures be 1 hour rated for buildings less than four stories in height and 2 hour rated for buildings for stories or greater.

90A

IBC occupancy classifications (10) groups

ABEFHIMRSU

Laboratory testing is the most common method used to determine fire RESISTANCE the standard test is a___ also known as NFPA___.

ASTME 119, 251

Formula kinetic energy of a falling object.

E=1/2mv2

Type IV heavy timber construction requires minimum nominal dimensions of 6 x 10" inches for floor construction which is thicker than needed in type___ and type __.

III, V

Freestanding fire walls are usually found in buildings a type ____ or type ____ construction may also be used in other types of construction including type ____

III, V, II

Type___ construction is the only construction type that does not include A and B subdivisions.

IV

with the exception of type___ heavy timber the major classifications are further divided into two or three subclassifications.

IV

Type V WOOD FRAME

One hour fire resistance for structural components.

soil pressure formula

P=CWH

types of elevators classified according to their use

PASSENGER FREIGHT SERVICE

interior structural components that are permitted to be partially or wholly combustible include walls columns beams floors roofs.

Type III ordinary

members will fail however depends on the following factors ceiling height size of unprotected steel members intensity and duration of the exposing fire.

Type IIb unprotected non combustable

The fundamental problem with type___ construction is the presence of extensive concealed voids.

V

building codes may contain exceptions for firewall specifications and woodframe type___ buildings.

V

A ratio of the failure point of the material to the maximum supportable design stress is added to the minimum required strength as

a factor of safety

for dynamic load to stop moving the surface It impacts must

absorb the kinetic energy.

The pressure exerted by the soil against the foundation is known as the_____ soil pressure the force of the foundation against the soil is known as the_____ soil pressure

active, passive

Transformers generate heat and the built-in method of cooling the unit directly affects the hazard presented to emergency response personnel the two most common cooling methods are

air and oil

Building codes typically allow elimination of firewall when a building is equipped with

automatic sprinkler system occupancy height water flow other code requirements

columns are structural members designed to support an____ load.

axial

types III IV V are inherently greater fire load than non-combustible construction types I or II

because the structural framing materials contribute a significant amount of fuel to a fire.

The parapet height above a combustible roof is determined by the____ and it varies from

building code, 18 to 36 inches.

______codes typically addressed membrane structures with a life of 180 days or more while___ codes address those used for less than 180 days.

building, fire

Fire resistance describes several properties of material including

combustibility thermoconductivity chemical composition density dimensions

pressure would range from zero at the top of the foundation wall to the maximum pressure at the base which depends on the

depth and the density of the soil.

fire codes typically limit the tank to 60 gallons for

diesel fuel.

___lumber match the stated measurements.

dimensional

four common styles of elevators are

drum elevators traction elevators machine room less MRL dumb waiters

are located throughout the building to step down voltage to 120 V for use in resources such as office equipment table lamps household appliances.

dry transformers

loads involve motion and are capable of delivering energy greatly in excess of the weight of the object involved.

dynamic

accommodations for seismic forces may be included in new construction or retrofitted to existing buildings three types of accommodations are

expansion joints dampening mechanisms base isolation.

the____ load will vary depending on the heat of combustion of the____ load.

fire, fuel

The____ load is the product of weight of the combustibles multiplied by their heat of combustion expressed in____.

fire, pounds per square foot

The system can be controlled from a dedicated control panel the buildings main control room or a

firefighters smoke control station FSCS.

Firewalls without parapets are not readily identifiable from the outside of the building particularly for

firewalls with a two hour rating that can be constructed of materials other than masonry.

building codes have traditionally required a minimum of one smoke proof stair enclosure for stairs serving buildings_____ or higher

five stories

interior finishes are tested to derive several measures of the materials flammability including the

flames spread rating, smoke developed rating.

buildings taller than_____ stairwells are required to have two hour rated enclosure.

four stories

stairwells in buildings_____ are required to have a one hour enclosure

four stories or lower

drum elevators are obsolete and found only in very old structures or used as

freight elevators.

___load contributes to the calculation of the___ load the maximum amount of heat that can be released if all fuel is consumed

fuel, fire

a special requirement for circular stairs is that the small radius of the full circle is

greater than or equal to twice the widest part of the stair tread.

___forces must be calculated unique stressors are caused by external load alignment including___

interior, axial eccentric torsional.

movement of the ground beneath a building can be three dimensional directional movement includes

lateral torsional resonant

Swinging fire doors with the ratings up to 1 1/2 hours can be equipped with.

louvers

A fire wall can terminate at the underside of a non-combustible roof that has a covering of

low combustibility class B.

static loads are steady or are applied gradually with the exception of mechanical equipment that provides vibration dead loads are generally static loads

many live loads are also static.

return stairs have an intermediate landing between floors and reverse direction at that point this type of stair design is common in

modern construction.

Factors that influence fire behavior include basic building classifications

occupancy classifications fire or fuel load fire resistance.

elevator hoistway enclosures are required to be fire rated assembly with_____ hour rating depending on the height of the building.

one or two

A beam is a structural member that carries load

perpendicular to its longitudinal dimension.

construction is similar to type I but with a lower requirement for fire resistance.

protected non-combustible

test results would be classified as either loadbearing or non-load bearing in addition to fire resistance. ratings are developed for

restrained and unrestrained floor and ceiling assemblies.

older scissor stairs may _____the older design restricts access from the stairway into one Corridor on even numbered floors and into the____

return to every second-floor, opposite Corridor on odd numbered floors.

in buildings with height variations or large floorplans_____ can be added to increase the flexibility of the connection.

seismic expansion joint

historically the practical upper limit for hydraulic elevators was about____ stories

six

1/2 hour and 1/3 hour doors are primarily used in

smoke barriers and openings to corridors.

NFPA 251

standard time temperature test

Two important distinctions between type III and type IV construction are type IV construction

the beams columns floors and roofs are made of solid or laminated wood with dimensions greater than and type III. concealed spaces are not permitted between structural components in type IV.

Doors with ratings up to____ hours can be equipped with glazing.

three

elevators are the most common type of elevator in buildings over six stories.

traction

The purpose of enclosure walls is to block the____ spread of fire through buildings openings including * stairwells * stairwell exit passageways * elevator shaft * pipe chases

vertical

doors rated at 1 1/2 hours are normally required for 2 hour rated___

vertical enclosures.