Business Man Exam 3

timely

A _________ control system provides information as often as is necessary.

budget

A _________ is a plan expressed in numerical terms. Organizations establish these for work groups, departments, divisions, and the whole organization.

imbalance

A change is initiated in the psychological contract between an employee and an organization if the organization sees an _____________

incentive

A(n) _________ represents a special compensation opportunity that is usually tied to performance.

esteem

According to Maslow's hierarchy, _____ needs include the need that people have for respect and recognition.

security

According to Maslow's hierarchy, the need to have a safe physical and emotional environment is a(n) _____ need.

internal

An ___________ audit is a financial audit handled by employees of the organization.

risk propensity

An individual with a high ___________________ is expected to experiment with new ideas and gamble on new products.

HR

Control of ______ includes selection and placement, training and development, performance appraisal, and compensation.

effort to performance expectancy

For motivated behavior to occur, the __________________________________must be greater than zero.

cognitive dissonance

Inner tension that a consumer experiences after recognizing an inconsistency between behavior and values or opinions

satisfaction

Job _______________ or dissatisfaction is an attitude that reflects the extent to which an individual is gratified by or fulfilled in his or her work.

valence

Performance leads to various outcomes, each of which has an associated value, called its __________.

performance

Rewards that are tied specifically to _______________, have the greatest impact on enhancing both motivation and actual performance.

40

The Age Discrimination in Employment Act forbids discrimination against workers above which of the following ages?

disabilities

The Americans with _____________ Act forbids discrimination on the basis of disabilities and requires employers to provide reasonable accommodations for disabled employees.

bureaucratic

The goal of ______________ control is employee compliance.

decentralized

The goal of _________________ control is employee commitment to the organization.

operations

The three forms of __________________ control are preliminary, screening, and postaction control.

on the job

When employees must learn a physical skill, methods allowing practice and the actual use of tools and materials are needed, as in _________________ training or vestibule training.

human

___________ capital reflects an organization's investment in attracting, retaining, and motivating an effective workforce.

preliminary

_______________- control focuses on the resources-financial, material, human, and information-the organization brings in from the environment.

expectancy

________________ theory recognizes that an individual's behavior results in a variety of outcomes.

performance

_________________ appraisal is a formal assessment of how well employees are doing their jobs.

Distinctiveness

__________________ is the extent to which the same person behaves in the same way in other situations.

selective perception

____________________ has caused Gerald to screen out the information that Lucy's performance has improved, because it contradicts his belief about Lucy.

merit

a _______ pay system is where the compensations are based on individual contributions to the organization.

psychological

Annika's expectations with respect to what she will contribute to the organization and what the organization will return is called a ___________________ contract.

adverse impact

Employment requirements such as test scores and other qualifications are legally defined as having an __________ __________ on minorities and women when such individuals meet or pass the requirement at a rate less than 80 percent of the rate of majority group members.

diversity

In the business world, the term _____ is generally used to refer to demographic differences among people-differences in gender, age, ethnicity, and so forth.

conscientious

Less ____________ people tend to take on more tasks than they can manage and, as a result, are more disorganized, careless, and irresponsible, as well as less thorough and self-disciplined.

financial

Monitoring receivables to make sure customers are paying their bills on time is an example of ___________ control.

cut costs

Organizations can benefit from turnovers if they are trying to ___________________

centralized

Organizations that use ______________ control believe it is effective because it allows the home office to keep better informed of the performance of foreign units and to maintain more control over how decisions are made.

stressful

The General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS) represents the normal process by which an individual reacts to _________ events.

wage level decision

The _____ is a management policy decision about whether a firm wants to pay above, at, or below the going rate for labor in the industry or the geographic area.

verification

The _____ stage of the creativity process determines the validity or truthfulness of an insight.

resistance

The _________ stage represents an individual trying to confront and control a stressful circumstance such as Anne trying to resolve the issues with her module.

Fair Labor Standards

The ________________________ Act, sets a minimum wage and requires the payment of overtime rates for work in excess of 40 hours per week.

determining

The final step in the control process is ___________ the need for corrective action.

perceptual

Two of the most basic _____________ processes are selective perception and stereotyping.

labor management relations act

Which of the following laws limits union power and specifies management rights during union-organizing campaign?

wage

______ structures are usually set up through a procedure called job evaluation—an attempt to assess the worth of each job relative to other jobs.

equity

________ theory contends that people are motivated to seek social equity in the rewards they receive for performance.

debt

_________ ratios reflect ability to meet long-term financial obligations.

benefits

___________ are things of value other than compensation that the organization provides to its workers.

job analysis

___________ is a systematized procedure for collecting and recording information about jobs within an organization.

operating

___________ ratios indicate the effectiveness of specific functional areas rather than that of the total organization.

performance

____________ behaviors are work-related behaviors that can be derived from the psychological contract.

incentives

____________ do not accumulate by becoming part of an individual's salary.

objective

____________ measures of performance include actual output (that is, number of units produced), scrap rate, dollar volume of sales, and number of claims processed.

liquidity

____________ ratios indicate how liquid, or easily converted into cash, an organization's assets are.

resentment

_____________ is a counterproductive side affect of using punishment as a reinforcement method.

stereotyping

_____________ is the process of categorizing or labeling people on the basis of a single attribute.

Judgemental

_____________ methods, including ranking and rating techniques, are the most common ways to measure performance.

Preliminary

______________ control concentrates on the resources—financial, material, human, and information—the organization brings in from the environment.

structural

______________ control is concerned with how the elements of the organization's structure are serving their intended purpose.

job sharing

______________ is an alternative work arrangement in which two part-time employees share one full-time job.

scanlon

______________ plan is a group based incentive reward system where the distribution of gains is tilted heavily toward the employees.

assessment centers

_______________ ________ are a popular method used to select managers and are particularly good for selecting current employees for promotion. The assessment center is a content-valid simulation of major parts of the managerial job.

motivation

_______________ is the set of forces that cause people to behave in certain ways.

incentives

_______________ represent special compensation opportunities that are usually tied to performance.

reinforcement

_______________ theory argues that behavior that results in rewarding consequences is likely to be repeated, whereas behavior that results in punishing consequences is less likely to be repeated

case discussion groups

______________________ is an effective method to use for training employees about ethical dilemmas and ethical decision making.

extinction

a reinforcement method called ___________, is used to weaken undesired behaviors by simply ignoring them.