BY 116 UAB Test 1

What metabolism is Deaminase involved in?

Amino Acid Oxidation

What metabolic process yields this product: aerobic triglyceride catabolism for Acetyl CoA, NADH, and FADH2

B - Oxidation

How can the cell increase a chemical reaction's rate?

By increasing Reactant, Product, and Catalyst amounts.

What metabolism is Glycogen Synthase involved in?

Carbohydrate Storage

Chemical reaction with lower energy products

Catabolism

Which Cell (A or B) will indicate a more dependence when it is known that cell A has 200 membrane transporters for substance X and Cell B has 100 transporters for substance X?

Cell A

Chemical and Electrical messages adjusting and maintaining physiologic variables

Communication

Structural separation of physiological work

Compartmentalization

Physiology of attachment

Connective

A strong chemical bond established through the sharing of electrons equally (nonpolar) or unequally (polar)

Covalent Bond

What is the filamentous protein matrix within the cytoplasm named?

Cytoskeleton

When a body lacks glucose nutrient as with starvation or diabetes millitus then, <blank> is used to make the glucose from non-carbohydrate sources?

Gluconeogenesis

What happens to intracellular glucose if it's not used in Glycolysis

Glycogen

Forming pyruvic or lactic acid product depending on the presence or absence of oxygen

Glycolysis

What metabolic process yields this product: anaerobic glucose catabolism for Pyruvate and ATP

Glycolysis

What metabolism is Hexokinase involved in?

Glycolysis

What metabolism is Phosphofructokinase involved in?

Glycolysis

Where new proteins going to the membrane or being secreted are folded and modified

Golgi Apparatus

Harmonious balance with environment achieved by mechanistic processes to corrected deviated physiology

Homeostasis

Weak electrostatic bond between a positive hydrogen and a negative element, like that of oxygen

Hydrogen Bond

If the extracellular compartment becomes hyperosmotic, then the cell may become:

Hypertonic

When the ECF is 10 mOsM and the ICF is 15 mOsM then the movement of water by osmosis is toward the:

ICF

Physiology of electrical impulses (tissue type)

Nervous

Stores the cell instructions as genetic code

Nucleus

Physiology of contraction and movement (tissue type)

Muscle

What molecule (ie. battery) will carry the electron energy from the Krebs cycle to the electron transport chain?

NADH and FADH2

What food source provides the body with Omega 3 Linoelic Acid and protein and is recommended we eat this food at least for two meals per week?

Ocean Fish

What metabolism is the Sodium / Potassium pump involved in?

Resting Membrane Potential

What is the electrical status of the plasma membrane known as?

Resting Potential

What is permeable to the lipid bilayer without facilitation (assistance) ?

Water and Triglycerides

The human cell uses this nucleotide molecule to drive synthetic Rx

ATP Energy

Which molecule can be formed from the products of glycolysis, beta-oxidation, and protein deamination to begin aerobic ATP energy pathway?

Acetyl CoA

The intial energy input to any chemical reaction

Activation Energy

Membrane transport that requires energy input is called:

Active

The structure of an enzyme that binds substrate and catalysizes the Rx

Active Binding Site

Chemical Rx requiring an input of Energy

Active Transport / Endergonic

Moves small molecules down a chemical gradient using a membrane channel

Facilitated Diffusion

How much NADH will be produced when 6 acetyl-CoA molecules are metabolized in the Kreb's cycle and what maximum ATP value can be made from these NADH after stimulating electron transport chain and the oxidative-phosphorylation reaction performed by ATP synthase?

18 NADH and 54 ATP

Calculate the amount of ATP produced from the FULL oxidation of 3 Acetyl-CoA molecules in the aerobic ATP pathway?

34 ATP

How many amino acids will be bonded to make a polypeptide if the mRNA molecule is 108 nucleotides long?

36

How much ATP can be produced in the aerobic ATP synthase Rx from the 3 NADH produced in ONE cycle of Krebs?

9 ATP

Movement from high concentration to low concentration

Diffusion

What metabolic process yields this product: Oxidizes NADH and FADH2, using proton pumps to form an intramitochondrial membanous potential energy source from the H+ gained

Electron Transport Chain

What metabolism is a Proton Pump involved in?

Electron Transport Chain

Invaginating the membrane to acquire large molecules entrapped in an internalized vesicle

Endocytosis

The biological catalyst

Enzyme

Physiology of protection and exchange (tissue type)

Epithelium

4 Primary Tissue Types

Epithelium Connective Nervous Muscle

Molecular movements across membranes

Exchange

How proteins are moved into the membrane or secreted

Exocytosis

(T/F) Cellulose is a carbohydrate required by humans for energy.

False

(T/F) Non-polar biomolecules, like lipids, are hydrophilic and soluble in an aqueous solvent.

False

What metabolism is Beta-Oxidase involved in?

Fatty Acid Oxidation

Should homeostasis deviate and the physiology to compensate fail then, <blank> will be the outcome.

Illness

A channel, carrier or receptor for allowing hydrophilic molecules passage accros the plasma membrane

Integral Membrane Protein

Vital physiology achieved when multiple systems work together

Integration

Energy necessary to perform work

Kinetic Energy

Final products of 3 NADH, 1 FADH2, 1 ATP, and 2 CO2

Krebs Cycle

What metabolic process yields this product: aerobic catabolism of Acetyl CoA for NADH, FADH2 and ATP

Krebs Cycle

What metabolism is Citrate Synthase involved in?

Krebs Cycle

Digestive vessicle of the cell

Lysosome

Comprising 99 percent of the chemical atoms found in biological life forms

Major Elements

The continual transformation of chemical compounds allowing the cell to avoid chemical equilibrium

Mass Action

Continuous movement through the body while maintaining consistent variable presence

Mass Balance and Mass Flow

Total sum of all Exergonic and Endergonic chemical reactions

Metabolism

Power Plant of the cell and makes the majority of ATP energy

Mitochondria

Where is NADH and FADH2 oxidized and the energy released used to synthesize ATP?

Mitochondria

Concentration of solution given by particle count per liter volume

Osmolarity

What metabolism is Fatty Acid Synthase involved in?

Palmitic acid made from all excess Acetyl CoA

A polar head with 2 fatty acids and forms the plasma membrane lipid bilayer

Phospholipid

The hydrophobic plasma membrane middle is chemically made from:

Phospholipids and Cholesterol

Membrane communication that is caused by openning an Ion Channel will be interpreted as a <Blank> change.

Polarity

<Blank> is the energy stored in chemical organization.

Potential Energy

Energy stored in masses or chemical gradients

Potential Energy

Calcium and sodium / potassium pumps using ATP to move ions up their concentration gradients

Primary - Active Transport

What biomolecule is synthesized by forming a peptide bond between amino acids?

Protein

What metabolism is RNA Polymerase involved in?

Protein Synthesis Transcription

What metabolism are ribosomes involved in?

Protein-Synthesis Translation

Where new proteins going to the membrane or being secreted are Made

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

How nutrients and wastes move across the membrane using the sodium gradient energy

Secondary - Active Coupled Transport

What metabolic process yields this product: Duplicates inherited DNA code

Semi - Conservative Replication

How water and soluble gases of CO2 and O2 pass across the membrane

Simple Diffusion

Lipid Synthesis and stores intracellular calcium

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

Which ion is used more often to co-transport small molecules across the membrane in a Coupled-Secondary active transport mechanism?

Sodium

Synthetic mRNA copy of the DNA coding region

Transcription

What metabolic process yields this product: synthesis of a polypeptide

Translation

What biomolecules are the properties of Specificity and Affinity found in?

Transmembrane Protein, Enzyme Protein

(T/F) Excess glucose, fat, or protein in the diet that exceeds the energy need for synthetic use will be metabolized to acetyl CoA and then be used to synthesize triglyceride.

True