BY 116 UAB Test 1
What metabolism is Deaminase involved in?
Amino Acid Oxidation
What metabolic process yields this product: aerobic triglyceride catabolism for Acetyl CoA, NADH, and FADH2
B - Oxidation
How can the cell increase a chemical reaction's rate?
By increasing Reactant, Product, and Catalyst amounts.
What metabolism is Glycogen Synthase involved in?
Carbohydrate Storage
Chemical reaction with lower energy products
Catabolism
Which Cell (A or B) will indicate a more dependence when it is known that cell A has 200 membrane transporters for substance X and Cell B has 100 transporters for substance X?
Cell A
Chemical and Electrical messages adjusting and maintaining physiologic variables
Communication
Structural separation of physiological work
Compartmentalization
Physiology of attachment
Connective
A strong chemical bond established through the sharing of electrons equally (nonpolar) or unequally (polar)
Covalent Bond
What is the filamentous protein matrix within the cytoplasm named?
Cytoskeleton
When a body lacks glucose nutrient as with starvation or diabetes millitus then, <blank> is used to make the glucose from non-carbohydrate sources?
Gluconeogenesis
What happens to intracellular glucose if it's not used in Glycolysis
Glycogen
Forming pyruvic or lactic acid product depending on the presence or absence of oxygen
Glycolysis
What metabolic process yields this product: anaerobic glucose catabolism for Pyruvate and ATP
Glycolysis
What metabolism is Hexokinase involved in?
Glycolysis
What metabolism is Phosphofructokinase involved in?
Glycolysis
Where new proteins going to the membrane or being secreted are folded and modified
Golgi Apparatus
Harmonious balance with environment achieved by mechanistic processes to corrected deviated physiology
Homeostasis
Weak electrostatic bond between a positive hydrogen and a negative element, like that of oxygen
Hydrogen Bond
If the extracellular compartment becomes hyperosmotic, then the cell may become:
Hypertonic
When the ECF is 10 mOsM and the ICF is 15 mOsM then the movement of water by osmosis is toward the:
ICF
Physiology of electrical impulses (tissue type)
Nervous
Stores the cell instructions as genetic code
Nucleus
Physiology of contraction and movement (tissue type)
Muscle
What molecule (ie. battery) will carry the electron energy from the Krebs cycle to the electron transport chain?
NADH and FADH2
What food source provides the body with Omega 3 Linoelic Acid and protein and is recommended we eat this food at least for two meals per week?
Ocean Fish
What metabolism is the Sodium / Potassium pump involved in?
Resting Membrane Potential
What is the electrical status of the plasma membrane known as?
Resting Potential
What is permeable to the lipid bilayer without facilitation (assistance) ?
Water and Triglycerides
The human cell uses this nucleotide molecule to drive synthetic Rx
ATP Energy
Which molecule can be formed from the products of glycolysis, beta-oxidation, and protein deamination to begin aerobic ATP energy pathway?
Acetyl CoA
The intial energy input to any chemical reaction
Activation Energy
Membrane transport that requires energy input is called:
Active
The structure of an enzyme that binds substrate and catalysizes the Rx
Active Binding Site
Chemical Rx requiring an input of Energy
Active Transport / Endergonic
Moves small molecules down a chemical gradient using a membrane channel
Facilitated Diffusion
How much NADH will be produced when 6 acetyl-CoA molecules are metabolized in the Kreb's cycle and what maximum ATP value can be made from these NADH after stimulating electron transport chain and the oxidative-phosphorylation reaction performed by ATP synthase?
18 NADH and 54 ATP
Calculate the amount of ATP produced from the FULL oxidation of 3 Acetyl-CoA molecules in the aerobic ATP pathway?
34 ATP
How many amino acids will be bonded to make a polypeptide if the mRNA molecule is 108 nucleotides long?
36
How much ATP can be produced in the aerobic ATP synthase Rx from the 3 NADH produced in ONE cycle of Krebs?
9 ATP
Movement from high concentration to low concentration
Diffusion
What metabolic process yields this product: Oxidizes NADH and FADH2, using proton pumps to form an intramitochondrial membanous potential energy source from the H+ gained
Electron Transport Chain
What metabolism is a Proton Pump involved in?
Electron Transport Chain
Invaginating the membrane to acquire large molecules entrapped in an internalized vesicle
Endocytosis
The biological catalyst
Enzyme
Physiology of protection and exchange (tissue type)
Epithelium
4 Primary Tissue Types
Epithelium Connective Nervous Muscle
Molecular movements across membranes
Exchange
How proteins are moved into the membrane or secreted
Exocytosis
(T/F) Cellulose is a carbohydrate required by humans for energy.
False
(T/F) Non-polar biomolecules, like lipids, are hydrophilic and soluble in an aqueous solvent.
False
What metabolism is Beta-Oxidase involved in?
Fatty Acid Oxidation
Should homeostasis deviate and the physiology to compensate fail then, <blank> will be the outcome.
Illness
A channel, carrier or receptor for allowing hydrophilic molecules passage accros the plasma membrane
Integral Membrane Protein
Vital physiology achieved when multiple systems work together
Integration
Energy necessary to perform work
Kinetic Energy
Final products of 3 NADH, 1 FADH2, 1 ATP, and 2 CO2
Krebs Cycle
What metabolic process yields this product: aerobic catabolism of Acetyl CoA for NADH, FADH2 and ATP
Krebs Cycle
What metabolism is Citrate Synthase involved in?
Krebs Cycle
Digestive vessicle of the cell
Lysosome
Comprising 99 percent of the chemical atoms found in biological life forms
Major Elements
The continual transformation of chemical compounds allowing the cell to avoid chemical equilibrium
Mass Action
Continuous movement through the body while maintaining consistent variable presence
Mass Balance and Mass Flow
Total sum of all Exergonic and Endergonic chemical reactions
Metabolism
Power Plant of the cell and makes the majority of ATP energy
Mitochondria
Where is NADH and FADH2 oxidized and the energy released used to synthesize ATP?
Mitochondria
Concentration of solution given by particle count per liter volume
Osmolarity
What metabolism is Fatty Acid Synthase involved in?
Palmitic acid made from all excess Acetyl CoA
A polar head with 2 fatty acids and forms the plasma membrane lipid bilayer
Phospholipid
The hydrophobic plasma membrane middle is chemically made from:
Phospholipids and Cholesterol
Membrane communication that is caused by openning an Ion Channel will be interpreted as a <Blank> change.
Polarity
<Blank> is the energy stored in chemical organization.
Potential Energy
Energy stored in masses or chemical gradients
Potential Energy
Calcium and sodium / potassium pumps using ATP to move ions up their concentration gradients
Primary - Active Transport
What biomolecule is synthesized by forming a peptide bond between amino acids?
Protein
What metabolism is RNA Polymerase involved in?
Protein Synthesis Transcription
What metabolism are ribosomes involved in?
Protein-Synthesis Translation
Where new proteins going to the membrane or being secreted are Made
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
How nutrients and wastes move across the membrane using the sodium gradient energy
Secondary - Active Coupled Transport
What metabolic process yields this product: Duplicates inherited DNA code
Semi - Conservative Replication
How water and soluble gases of CO2 and O2 pass across the membrane
Simple Diffusion
Lipid Synthesis and stores intracellular calcium
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
Which ion is used more often to co-transport small molecules across the membrane in a Coupled-Secondary active transport mechanism?
Sodium
Synthetic mRNA copy of the DNA coding region
Transcription
What metabolic process yields this product: synthesis of a polypeptide
Translation
What biomolecules are the properties of Specificity and Affinity found in?
Transmembrane Protein, Enzyme Protein
(T/F) Excess glucose, fat, or protein in the diet that exceeds the energy need for synthetic use will be metabolized to acetyl CoA and then be used to synthesize triglyceride.
True
