c176 (Plural Project +)

Business continuity response

Business continuity response involves restoring the business operations in the event of an incident.

CPIF

CPIF or Cost Plus Incentive Fee contract is a contract in which the seller is reimbursed for all costs and the seller is awarded an additional incentive for exceeding predetermined performance criteria.

Project Steering Committee

Project Steering Committee is responsible for helping the project team by resolving the problems escalated by the project manager or project leads and by resolving policy problems or at least by forwarding such issues to the appropriate decision-making authorities in the organization.

Qualitative Risk Analysis

Qualitative Risk Analysis approach "qualifies" the risks that have been identified in the project. Specifically, qualitative risk analysis examines and prioritizes risks based on their probability of occurring and their impact on the project should they occur.

Resource risk

Resource risk involves personnel and other resource issues, such as attrition, resource change, resources shortage, inter-project dependencies, and availability of funds.

Scope risk

Scope risk is posed by situations wherein the scope of the project has changed because of scope creep, gold plating, technological limitations, or integration issues, to name a few reasons.

In what situation can a social media be used to share?

Social media can be used to share publically available information about a project, a portfolio, or a program.

SF dependency

Start-to-finish dependency occurs when the predecessor task must start before the successor task finishes.

SS dependency

Start-to-start dependency is when the predecessor task must start before the successor task can start.

Directive PMO

Take control of the projects by directly managing the projects. The directive PMO assigns its own project managers to each project and ensures that all projects are handled consistently.

George Thomas, a project manager at an IT firm, is assigned to a software project. The project is sponsored by a company that is represented by several independent sales people. During the user testing phase, a sales person employed by the sponsor mentions that he would like an important feature tweaked in the application. How should George address this issue? a) Ask the sales person for a formal change request. b) Inform the project sponsor of changes to scope, cost, and schedule. c) Ensure that scope change complies with all relevant contractual provisions. d) Develop a risk mitigation plan.

a) Ask the sales person for a formal change request. -George should ask the sales person for a formal change request declaring in detail the new changes and how they need to be implemented.

You are the project manager for a new research project. When you arrive at work one morning, you receive an alert that the SQL database that holds all the research data for the project is unavailable. Because the database is not fully operational for 48 hours, the project schedule must be adjusted. You need to inform the appropriate project stakeholders of the SQL database outage. Which communication trigger has occurred? a) Business Continuity Response b) Incident Response c) Milestones d) Gate reviews

a) Business Continuity Response -In most cases, if business continuity response issues arise, only stakeholders who want to be kept informed about the tasks affected by the response will need to be contacted.

Which of the following statements describes the purpose of a project schedule? (Choose three.) a) Calculating a stipulate time frame for project completion in order to determine the start and end dates for each activity. b) Mitigating the impact of employee or vendor attrition during the project. c) Analyzing the possibility of delays in completion of each activity d) Determining resource allocation over the course of the project.

a) Calculating a stipulate time frame for project completion in order to determine the start and end dates for each activity. c) Analyzing the possibility of delays in completion of each activity d) Determining resource allocation over the course of the project. -Project schedule describes the start and finish date of each task, which involves calculating a stipulated time frame for a project completion, prediction of possible delays (if any) and smooths out resource allocation.

Karen Brown has been working on risk quantification. She plans to interview several experts to gain a deeper understanding of the underlying issues. Which of the following techniques is she using? a) Delphi technique b) Qualitative risk analysis c) Monte Carlo analysis d) Critical path method

a) Delphi technique -The Delphi technique seeks help from experts to learn more about existing issues, to identify areas of agreement or disagreement, and to find consensus on solving the problems.

Sumnima, the project manager, is currently working on project schedule. She identified the tasks to be performed and their durations. Now, she is determining task dependencies. She finds that task B (until testing) can only be started when task A (coding) finishes. Which of the following relationships exists between task A and B? a) Finish-to-start b) Finish-to-Finish c) Start-to-start d) Start-to-finish

a) Finish-to-start -A relationship between tasks in which a successor task can only start when the predecessor task finishes is referred to as a finish-to-start (FS) dependency. Therefore, the relationship between tasks A and B is finish-to-start.

Which of the following documents is sent from one company to another to summarize a proposed deal and announce the organizations' willingness to work together, and is usually issued prior to establishing a formal contract? a) LOI b) SLA c) SOW d) RFQ

a) LOI -Letters of intent (LOI) are sent from one company to another to summarize their willingness to enter into a proposed deal or partnership. -LOI is also referred to as a memorandum of understanding or MOU, is to facilitate the start of a business deal or project between involved parties.

Which project document is mainly affected when the costs for procurement increase? a) Project Budget b) Project scope c) Cost management plan d) Project charter e) Business case

a) Project Budget -Overall, the budget document includes all costs for the project.

John Brown is a project manager for a new data center project. John needs to schedule a kick-off meeting to begin the project. Which of the following reasons does NOT justify holding this meeting? a) To establish a line of communication between team members and stakeholders. b) To get all team members acquainted with each other and their involvement. c) To inform team members of the project requirements and tasks involved. d) To establish individual accountability for each task.

a) To establish a line of communication between team members and stakeholders. -Establishing line of communication is done by developing a communication management plan and distributing it to the team members. -Stakeholders do not attend kick-off meetings.

In which of the following situations is it viable to accept risk? (Choose two.) a) When the risk is identified, but there is no way to change the project to avoid it b) When the likelihood of risk occurrence has been reduced considerably. c) When a contingency plan has been created to mitigate the impact on the project should the risk occur. d) When a strategy to transfer risk has been implemented.

a) When the risk is identified, but there is no way to change the project to avoid it c) When a contingency plan has been created to mitigate the impact on the project should the risk occur. -Acceptance involves accepting the risk and leaving the project plan unchanged.

Which of the following statements is correct regarding communication between organizations that have cultural differences capable of affecting the project? a) More noise is created within intercultural communication. b) All aspect of communication are affected. c) There tends to be a greater impact on verbal than non-verbal feedback. d) The communicator's job role is more important.

b) All aspect of communication are affected.

The deliverable of your project is 90% complete, and your customer asks you to include one more function in the product. This is a new requirement. As per your evaluation, it is not possible to meet this new requirement within the budget and timeline available. What should you do? a) Demand more time and budget from the customer. b) Apply the change control process. c) Refuse to incorporate the new requirement in the product. d) Remove an existing functionality from the product to meet the requirement of new functionality.

b) Apply the change control process. -The customer's request for additional functionality is a new requirement. Therefore, the change control process should be followed.

Which would NOT be can example of a project? a) Installing additional hardware to improve the corporate network infrastructure. b) Billing clients for services performed. c) Implementing a manufacturing work-order system d) Constructing a new data center

b) Billing clients for services performed. -Billing clients for services performed is an operating which is ongoing and not temporary.

Joe, a project manager, is working on a project. Voice conferences were employed for the first few meetings. However, the subject matter expert (SME) working on the project has taken on an additional role in her company which requires constant traveling. As a result, Joe has found it hard to contact the SME for the past week. Development is stalled because the developers' queries have not been addressed. What would be the best solution for Joe to use? a) Change to social media b) Change to email c) Change to video conferences d) Change to fax.

b) Change to email.

You are preparing for schedule change communication. Which of the following statements are true? (Choose two) a) Dependency on an external vendor will never affect the project schedule. b) Dependency on an external vendor may result in schedule changes. c) A scope change will always result in schedule changes. d) A schedule change will always result in scope changes

b) Dependency on an external vendor may result in schedule changes. c) A scope change will always result in schedule changes.

Which chart is used for scheduling projects? a) X-bar R chart b) Gantt chart c) Moving Range chart d) Control chart

b) Gantt chart -A Gantt chart is used to depict the tasks of a project, start and finish date, resource details, and milestone activities. A Gantt chart is also called a timeline chart.

Ellen, a PM, has been working on a document for a new project. The document includes the project's purpose, a stakeholder list, a summary of high-level risks, a summary project schedule, a budget, a list of requirements for project approval, and a description of the project manager's level of authority. Which document is Ellen creating? a) Dashboard information b) Project charter c) Project management plan d) Organizational chart

b) Project charter -The project charter includes the project purpose, a stakeholder list, high-level requirements, high-level assumptions and constraints, high-level risks, a summary schedule and budget, project approval requirements, and the project manager's level of authority.

Verigon Inc. has recently branched out into application development for Apple and Android devices and also seeks to begin a marketing campaign to solicit prospective customers. The company wants to reach the maximum audience. Which of the following communication methods would be best for this endeavor? a) Text messaging b) Social media c) Distribution of printed media d) Cold e-mails

b) Social media - A social media marketing campaign is one of the best ways for a company to increase visibility of its brand and service.

Your project contains an extremely high-risk task that you do not have in-house skills to address. You decide to procure contracted resources to accomplish this task. Which type of risk response strategy are you demonstrating? a) Mitigation b) Transference c) Acceptance d) Avoidance

b) Transference -Transference involves transferring the risk, and its consequences, to a third party. The third party is then responsible for owning and managing the risk.

As part of creating the WBS, you must define the work packages. What is the BEST definition of this process? a) An activity that represents a tangible and verifiable piece of work that must be completed for a project. b) A unit of work within a project that is estimated to be completed on the same day c) An activity or task at the lowest level of a WBS d) A group of activities assigned to a single organizational unit

c) An activity or task at the lowest level of a WBS -In a WBS, major deliverables are decomposed into smaller, more manageable deliverables, with the lowest level deliverable being defined as a work package.

The project on which Mathew is working is the Closing phase. The project has delivered an application that helps tracking the attendance of the employees of the client organization, which was previously managed manually. Which of the following actions will take place after project delivery and sign off? (Choose two) a) Executing user acceptance test b) Job shadowing c) Planning deployment of the application in the client organization d) Training

c) Planning deployment of the application in the client organization d) Training

Colin has not been performing well on the project. In the previous quarter, you had a face-to-face discussion with him about his problems and discussed a possible solution. You sent Colin to training and had him shadow another team member whenever possible. After repeated attempts to assist him with his performance, his work is unimproved. What is the best decision you can make at this point while ensuring that the project does not suffer? a) Retraining b) Removal c) Replacement d) Resupply

c) Replacement -Recruiting a capable and efficient replacement would ensure that the project Colin was working on would not be hampered.

Which of the following statements is NOT true about the Service Level Agreements (SLA)? a) SLAs ensure that both parties understand the requirements. b) SLAs list the agreed-upon expectations. c) SLAs cannot protect both parties in the agreement. d) SLAs state metrics, responsibilities, and expectations.

c) SLAs cannot protect both parties in the agreement.

Which of the following statements is FALSE with respect to risk transference strategy? a) Transferring risk often involves paying risk premium to a third party. b) Transferring risk is a risk response strategy wherein the risk, along with its ownership, is assumed by a third party or vendor. c) Transferring risk is a risk response strategy wherein the risk is assumed by the company responsible for the project. d) Transferring risk strategy is an efficient way of dealing with financial risks.

c) Transferring risk is a risk response strategy wherein the risk is assumed by the company responsible for the project. -While the project and its associated risks can be transferred contractually to third parties, they cannot be transferred to the project's parent company. That strategy would be risk acceptance.

All options occur during the forming stage of team development, EXCEPT: a) Define the team. b) Begin building trust c) Create the team goals d) Make technical decisions.

d) Making technical decisions. -Technical decisions occur during storming stage of team development.

Alan walks into work on morning and finds a change request from the customer about the software being developed. The change request requires an important alteration to one of the software's features and states that it is imperative to change all affected areas before moving forward with the remaining project work. While working out implementation of this sudden change request, which of the following options should Alan most likely to focus on? a) informing the change control board of the change request and requesting that it be implemented towards the end of the project. b) implementing the change request and any additional changes suggested by the team c) Informing the change control board of the change request and requesting that they push back on it d) Preventing unnecessary changes while implementing the required changes only

d) Preventing unnecessary changes while implementing the required changes only -Change requests should be independent of each other and should be evaluated separately. If a change is approved, then the project documents should be edited to incorporate the approved change.

Pareto Chart

-Vertical bar graph on which bar height reflects frequency or impact of causes. -a Pareto chart is used to rank order the top 20% of causes which are responsible for most (80%) of the defects. This helps the project manager to concentrate on the critical causes and identify actions to take care of them.

What are the Tuckman's 5 stages of Group Development?

1) Forming 2) Storming 3) Norming 4) Performing 5) Adjourning

Project Phases

1) Initiating, 2) planning, 3) executing, 4) monitoring and controlling, 5) closing

RFQ usage

An RFQ is used to request a price quote for items with known specifications. There are no rules governing a number or price threshold for the item solicited through a RFQ. A RFQ frequently solicits sealed bids, which are all reviewed at the same time to ensure that the vendor selection process is impartial.

The vendor

Usually the vendor is the change requestor who needs to be notified once the change request has been approved or denied. The project sponsor, the project team are all notified after the decision is made regarding the change.

You did it!! Woohooo!!

Wanna redo it?? LOL

As a project manager, you are concerned about the internal organizational changes that could affect the success of your current project. Which of the following organizational changes refers to the overhaul of a company's structure, involving changes to department, business units, and employee roles? a) Internal reorganization b) Business process change c) Relocation d) Business demerger

a) Internal reorganization

You need to ensure that the final project meets the customer requirements and project objectives. Which document should you review? a) Project management plan b) lessons learned database c) Historical information d) Project Closure guidelines

a) Project management plan - the project management plan documents the customer requirements and project objectives.

If you know the values for EV and SPI for your project, you would be able to calculate which value? a) EAC b) SV c) ROI d) CPI

b) SV -SV (schedule variance) = EV-PV where, PV is Planned value. -SPI is schedule performance index

To which entity should the project manager transfer the final product when it is completed? a) The project manager b) The customer c) The stakeholders d) The project team

b) The customer -Only the customer or the project sponsor can authorize the closure of a project.

You are project manager involved in a team-building process in a matrix organization. While team building, you need to consider the barriers to the process. What is a primary barrier to team building? a) Sharing work ethics b) Variations in schedule and budget c) Accountability of members to both functional and project managers d) Difficulty in implementing training.

c) Accountability of members to both functional and project managers -The team building process should consider and eliminate any barriers associated with making the team more cohesive. Barriers to team building include loss of communication, the current organization in which team members are accountable to both functional and project managers. This is a common barrier to team building in a matrix organization, because it hinders coordination and communication on the team.

project coordinator

-Reports to a higher level in the hierarchy, usually holds a staff position. -Responsible for coordinating with cross-functional teams.

According to the CompTIA Project + objectives, the steps in the change control process (CCP) are?

1) Identify and document 2) Evaluate impact and justification: develop regression plan in case you need to reverse changes.) 3) Identify approval authority. 4) Obtain approval. 5) Implement the change. 6) Validate the change, and check the quality. 7) Update documents, including audit documents, and implement version control. -In addition, the project manager should communicate throughout the change control process (CCP) as needed with stakeholders, team members, and the project sponsor.

Steps in the Plan Procurement Process:

1) Request a seller response. This document requests more information about the procurement from prospective sellers. 2) Evaluate the seller response. This step involves evaluating the different responses received to determine that the procurement will meet the project's needs. 3) Select a vendor. This step involves evaluating the vendor's RFP or bid to determine which vendor should be awarded a contract. 4) Develop the contract. This step involves negotiating the final terms of the contract with the vendor.

Main difference between "share" and "transfer".

1) Share: Partial ownership of the risk is allocated to a third party. 2) The risk impact is shifted to another party.

5 techniques of resolving conflict

1) Withdraw/Avoid 2) Smooth/Accomodate 3) Compromise/Reconsile 4) Force/Direct 5) Collaborate/Problem Solve

Common Project Constraints

1. budget 2. scope 3. deliverables 4. quality 5. environment 6. resources 7. requirements 8. scheduling -Cost, scope, and schedule are called the triple constraints

A burndown chart

A burndown chart is a graphical representation of work left to do versus the time remaining in the sprint.

Fishbone diagram

A fishbone diagram, also known as a cause-and-effect or ishikawa diagram, places a problem at the head of the diagram and uses connecting lines to chart the issues that may be causing the problem.

A lead

A lead is the time in which a successor activity can begin before the predecessor activity finishes. For e.g: if the installing of the hardwood flooring in a building must be completed before the building can be occupied and the installation will take two weeks, then the hardwood installation must have a lead of two weeks prior to building completion.

A mandatory dependency

A mandatory dependency is a limitation, such as a physical one, that is unavoidable. A lag may be due to a mandatory dependency, but a mandatory dependency does not always delay a successor activity.

Project coordinator (PC)

A project coordinator is responsible for supporting project manager, coordinating with cross-functional teams, providing documentation/administrative support, and scheduling time/resources in the project.

Acceptance

Acceptance involves accepting the risk and leaving the project plan unchanged. Examples of acceptance would include taking no action at all or leaving the plan unchanged and developing a contingency or fallback plan.

An external dependency

An external dependency is a limitation due to non-project activities. For e.g: an external dependency might be the wait required for an updated version of third-party software being used in the project. PTN: a lag may be due to an external dependency, but an external dependency does not always delay a successor activity.

Avoidance

Avoidance involves modifying the project plan to eliminate the risk or its impact. Examples of avoidance would include limiting the scope of a project or adding resources to a project to eliminate the risk

What are the appropriate measures project manager could take with respect to building trust?

-It is appropriate for project manager to confront team members in private to help resolve issues. -It is appropriate for a Project manager to inform all stakeholders when risks occur. -It is appropriate for a project manager to instruct the team to communicate with each other and stakeholders if problems arise.

What is the purpose of Service Level Agreements (SLAs)?

-SLAs contain information about contracted services and the agreed-upon expectations. -SLAs ensure that both parties have the same understanding of requirements. -SLAs state metrics, responsibilities, and expectations in case issues are encountered with the service. -SLAs protect both parties in the agreement.

How and what type of documents are affected by the increase in costs for procurement?

-The procedures for handling the budget will remain the same, regardless of the actual expenses incurred. -The initial project budget will be part of the project charter, but the budget portion of the charter does not need to be revised once project work begins, the initial budget becomes part of the cost baseline.

FFP

FFP or Firm Fixed Price is a contract in which the seller charges the buyer a flat fee.

Project manager

A project manager is responsible for managing the project team, handling project communications, determining and maintaining project scope, managing risk, controlling the budget, and maintaining project quality.

RFI

A request for information (RFI) is similar to an RFP. However, an RFI simply requests information and specifics. For e.g: u might produce an RFI for several companies regarding an air-conditioning system. The information provided by the different companies could then be used to finalize specifics about the procurement so that a proper RFP could be created.

RFQ

A request for quotation solicits outside companies to provide a price quotation for a specific procurement.

Is memorandum of understanding legally binding?

No. MOUs are not legally binding. Btw, MOUs are also called LOI (Letter of Intent)

According to CompTIA, the basic aspects to using the Agile methodology include which of the following?

Basic aspects of using the Agile methodology: 1) Readily adapt to new/changing requirements 2) Use an iterative approach 3) Continuous requirements gathering 4) Establish a backlog 5) Use burndown charts 6) Provide Continuous Feedback 7) Use sprint planning 8) Conduct daily standup meetings/SCRUM meetings 9) Hold a SCRUM restrospective 10) Use self-organized and self-directed teams.

Control chart

Control charts are used for quality assurance purposes to verify whether the process is under control. -X-bar R charts and Moving Range charts (mR Chart) are types of control charts.

Controlling PMO

Controlling PMOs provide support and a moderate level of control over projects. They do not directly control the project manager, but they dictate which methodologies and templates must be used, and may regularly review the project for compliance with the organization's or industry's standards.

CPFF

Cost Plus Fixed Fee (CPFF) Medium Risk to Buyer, Minimal to Seller

What are the common constraints of a project?

Cost, scope, and time a) The budget for your project is $750,000. c) Customers require the new system to be available 24x7. d) The new product to be produced will be debuted at a trade show during March.

Critical Path Method (CPM)

Critical path method is a technique for process planning, which defines the longest mandatory sequence of tasks in a project to prevent schedule and process related issues.

Forming Stage of Team Development

During the forming stage of team development, the team creates the team goals, structure, roles and directions. By the end of this stage, the team is defined.

FF dependency

Finish-to-finish dependency occurs when the predecessor task must finish before the successor task finishes.

IFB

Invitation for Bid solicits outside companies to provide a price quotation for a specific procurement. In the IFB process, the lowest priced supplier usually receives the contract.

A sprint backlog

It is a list of the tasks and requirements to be completed within the sprint. A sprint backlog includes the list of user stories within the sprint in order of priority, the relative effort estimate for each user story, the tasks necessary to develop each user story, and the effort (in hours) to complete each task.

Job shadowing

Job shadowing is a technique used to gather requirements. When it is performed, it occurs in the initiating stage of the project to gather requirements and help define the high-level scope.

Which document provides KPIs?

Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) are provided by project dashboard/status report. It also provides project status information.

Mitigation

Mitigation involves reducing the probability or impact of a risk to an acceptable risk threshold. Examples of mitigation would include taking actions to minimize the probability of a risk.

Monte Carlo Analysis

Monte Carlo Analysis is a problem solving technique used to approximate the probability of certain outcomes by running multiple trial runs, called simulations, using random variables.

Are time zone differences an issue while exercising effective communication between two organizations when one is located in a remote location?

No. Time zone differences shouldn't be an issue because shift-overlaps can be easily optimized. If the time zones are far apart, often a compromise can be reached by altering the working hours of one party, even if that shift change only occurs on meeting days.

Cold e-mails

Not effective in making the potential customer to be interested in it. However, cold e-mails would be great if a sales pitch is directly targeted to particular individual.

Distribution of printed media

Not suitable for communicating with the potential customers, because social media platform wins the deal. However, distribution of printed media would be effective in informing employees at an organization about an upcoming fundraising event as part of CSR or a corporate retreat.

Project status meeting agenda

PSMA - project status meeting agenda provides a quick-reference list of topics to be discussed at the project status meeting.

Project milestones

Points where progress is reviewed and actual and estimated completion times are compared

Responsibilities of PMO

The PMO sets standards and practices for the organization, sets deliverables, provides governances, determines key performance indicators (KPIs) and parameters. -PMO provides project tools, outlines the consequences of non-performance, provides standards for documentation or templates, and coordinates resources between projects. A PMO also maintains organizational resources, including records of past projects and lessons learned.

The procurement plan

The procurement plan describes how a project team will acquire goods and services to successfully complete a project.

Project management plan

The project management plan is a formal, approved document used to manage project execution. It includes actions necessary to define, prepare, integrate, and coordinate planning activities. It also defines how the project will be executed, monitored, controlled, and closed.

Kickoff meetings

These meetings are intended to discuss: -The project goals, -Introduce the team members and stakeholders, - Introduce the project manager and set expectations for meeting the project timelines and budgets. You may also discuss team member roles and responsibilities at this meeting.

Your company is soliciting outside companies to provide proposals for a piece of equipment needed for your project. Which document should you create? a) RFP b) RFI c) IFB d) RFQ

a) RFP -Should create request for proposal (RFP). This document solicits outside companies to provide proposals for any procurement needed in a project.

When coordinating human resources for a project, what are some of the steps you should complete?

When coordinating human resources for a project, you should complete the following steps: 1) Assemble and develop the project team. 2) Build team cohesiveness 3) Perform individual performance appraisals.

Cathy Powell, a project manager, is aligned with a building project and has a scheduled meeting with the customer for Friday morning. All team members are located in the same office as Cathy. However, on Thursday morning, she discovers discrepancies in the final design and in one of the client requirements. She needs to have an urgent discussion with the internal team to resolve the issue. Which of the following options would be the best? a) Call an impromptu team meeting right away. b) Have a voice conference with all the team members. c) Seek resolution with the team members on social media. d) E-mail the customer, and reschedule the meeting for the following week.

a) Call an impromptu team meeting right away. -She could not have scheduled the meeting earlier because the issue was unprecedented (never done before.)

During a project review meeting, two team members argue over which is the best option for expanding the product development to meet the project deliverable date. You are the project manager, and you propose that both options be tried out to ascertain which one is the best to adopt. Which conflict resolution technique are you using? a) Compromising b) Forcing c) Confronting d) Avoidance

a) Compromising -Compromising, also known as problem solving, deals with arriving at a solution that requires both the parties to give up some things and brings satisfaction to both the parties.

Which aspect of the Agile methodology allows team members to work with each other to correct mistakes during a sprint? a) Continuous feedback b) SCRUM restrospective c) Burndown chart d) Sprint backlog

a) Continuous feedback -Continuous feedback means that the team constantly assesses work and provides feedback on work that is completed, in progress, or on the schedule.

You are having difficulty obtaining consensus among the stakeholders regarding a project's deliverables. Most of the project stakeholders are from varying functional areas and have conflicting views on which deliverable are required. You have met with the stakeholders individually and have a clear understanding of the stakeholders' common interests and concerns. What should you do next to reach a consensus among the stakeholders? a) Develop and present a matrix of common needs to the stakeholders and facilitate discussions on ways of reaching agreement on the deliverables. b) Meet with the stakeholders to reach a consensus about which stakeholders should withdraw from the project. c) Meet the stakeholders who have common objectives and work to unify them. d) Produce a compromise plan that includes some of each of the stakeholders' deliverables and present it to the stakeholders.

a) Develop and present a matrix of common needs to the stakeholders and facilitate discussions on ways of reaching agreement on the deliverables. -The matrix will allow u to show the stakeholders the relative commonality of each stakeholder's objectives. -With this tool, the stakeholders can quickly approve the common objectives, and then work to reach a consensus on whether to include or eliminate the remaining objectives from the project. #You've already met!!! and producing a compromise plan requires development of the matrix first!!!!!!

Ethan, a project manager, has specified the level of involvement expected from everyone in the course of the project lifecycle to prevent rework, conflict, and quality problems. His efforts should save costs and time while ensuring requirements are met. Which work was Ethan carrying out? a) Developing the scope management plan and quality management plan b) Creating the WBS and project schedule c) Performing risk assessment and stakeholder management d) Performing scope verification.

a) Developing the scope management plan and quality management plan -The scope management plan will state how the project scope should be defined, developed, monitored, controlled and verified. The quality management plan is developed to ensure efficiency, quality, and minimal roadblocks along the course of the project lifecycle.

You are currently involved in making three-point estimates. Which process are you completing? a) Estimate Activity Durations b) Define Scope c) Conduct Procurements d) Estimate Activity Resources

a) Estimate Activity Durations -Three-point estimates assess the risk and probability of three possible activity duration scenarios. -Those three possibilities are 1) Optimistic (tO), Most likely (tM) and Pessimistic (tP) (tO + 4tM + tp)/6 #Again, for cost, divide by 3

You are the PM for a large project. The project plan sets up several major milestones based on project deliverables. Each time a major milestone is reached, the plan calls for meetings to be held with the sponsors to discuss the completed milestone and to gain their approval to being work on the next deliverable. You have set up a meeting with the sponsors for the 10th of next month to coincide with the completion of the deliverable. However, an unexpected delay will cause the completion of the deliverable to be pushed back by one week. What should you do? a) Explain the need for the delay to the sponsors, and reschedule the meeting b) Conduct the meeting on the originally scheduled date, and provide a comprehensive report of the project status. c) Postpone the tasks affected by the delay so that they are completed in the next project phase. d) Conduct the meeting on the originally scheduled date, and report the delay.

a) Explain the need for the delay to the sponsors, and reschedule the meeting -The purpose of the meetings with the sponsors is to review the progress and make a "go/no go" decision as to whether to proceed to the next phase of the project. Therefore, you should only have the meeting when the deliverable is complete.

Andrew Clark, the project manger, has been facing issues with three team members who have been in conflict with each other. All team members are located in the same office. Andrew decides to confront the team members and help to resolve their conflict. Which of the following communication would be best? a) Face-to-face communication with all three members b) A video conference involving all three team members c) An email to all three team members d) A couple of minutes towards the end of the next daily standup meeting

a) Face-to-face communication with all three members -Managing a successful team often requires a great deal of emotional intelligence and the ability to deal with varied temperaments. In this scenario, face-to-face communication would be the best approach for Andrew to resolve conflict between the three team members. This would give Andrew a chance to listen to the team members and to encourage them to see the other perspectives.

You are assigned to a complex project in software development. After using your extensive experience and performing several reviews, you finalize the estimate for the new project and submit it to your management. This is the best estimate that you have worked out, and it cannot be reduced unless scope, cost, or quality is compromised. The customer is unhappy with the estimates because he feels that the effort estimate is too high and the schedule is unreasonable. Your management wants your to reduce the estimates at any cost. What should you do? a) Inform your management that the estimates can be reduced only if you adjust scope, cost or quality. b) Inform your management upfront that the estimates cannot be reduced any further. c) Ask your team members for their opinion. d) Do as your management wants and revise the estimates.

a) Inform your management that the estimates can be reduced only if you adjust scope, cost or quality. -Project managers are at times given unrealistic project completion targets. Project managers are required to handle such issues in an upfront manner. Under such situations, project managers must inform the management that the estimates can be revised only if scope, cost, and quality are adjusted.

Which of the following statements describe the purpose of defining the high-level scope in the project initiation phase? (Choose two) a) It clarifies what will be included in the project and what is beyond the range of activities and results. b) It includes a schedule for producing each deliverable c) It contains the specific budget that will be required to complete project activities. d) It serves as an input to planning the resource-related and technological requirements of the project.

a) It clarifies what will be included in the project and what is beyond the range of activities and results. d) It serves as an input to planning the resource-related and technological requirements of the project. -The high-level scope is written during project initiation and becomes part of the project charter.

Which of the following statements is true regarding a memorandum of understanding (MOU)? (Choose two.) a) MOUs are more formal than handshake agreements. b) MOUs are legally binding agreements. c) MOUs include fewer details and complexities than contracts. d) MOUs are more formal than contracts.

a) MOUs are more formal than handshake agreements. c) MOUs include fewer details and complexities than contracts. -A MOU often includes fewer details and complexities than contracts, but is more formal than a handshake agreement or verbal, non-written agreement. -And it is not a legal agreement and used by companies if they want to avoid contracts.

NuTex is completing a project for Verigon. Verigon is located in a remote location. Which of the following technological factors would threaten effective communication between two organizations when one is located in a remote location? (Choose all that apply.) a) Problems relating to technology infrastructure b) Problems relating to security c) Problems relating to time zone differences d) Problems relating to lack of technological knowledge.

a) Problems relating to technology infrastructure b) Problems relating to security -Technology infrastructure issues include web, broadband, and mobile device issues. Security issues include encryption, digital certification, and SSL. #Keep time zone out of this please!!

Which of the following stakeholders can change the priority of items in the product backlog at any point in time? a) Product owner b) SCRUM master c) SCRUM team d) Project manager.

a) Product owner -The responsibility to establish a backlog and decide the priority of work items in the product backlog is solely entrusted to the product owner. The project backlog includes all work items such as design updates, user stories, customer requests, and other tasks. It serves as the foundation for iteration planning.

Which of the following statements is FALSE about interproject dependency? a) Project interdependency does not relate to personnel sharing of human resources and knowledge exchange. b) It occurs when projects depend on each other's mutual contributions to meet the needs of the organization. c) It occurs when a project is dependent on the completion of another project's deliverables to be successful. d) Setting up interproject dependencies involves identifying the project's deliverables, defining them, and then setting up dependencies on those deliverables in other projects.

a) Project interdependency does not relate to personnel sharing of human resources and knowledge exchange.

Lisa Li, a project manager, is working on a document that provides a quick-reference list of topics to be discussed at the project status meeting. Which of the following documents is Lisa creating? a) Project status meeting agenda b) Closure meeting agenda c) Status report d) Kick-off meeting agenda

a) Project status meeting agenda -Project status meeting agenda (PSMA) provides a quick-reference list of topics to be discussed at the project status meeting.

Which of the following strategies can be developed and implemented through project risk management? (Choose two.) a) Reducing project risks so that the impact is controlled. b) Identifying risk, gauging the impact of risks, and developing strategies to treat the risks. c) Avoiding projects which are prone to risks d) Eliminating of all possible risks by destroying their root causes.

a) Reducing project risks so that the impact is controlled. b) Identifying risk, gauging the impact of risks, and developing strategies to treat the risks.

Which of the following statements state the characteristics of functional organizations with respect to resources/employees? (Choose three.) a) Resources/employees report to a functional manager who has experience in the same domain and who can understand and oversee the project work adequately. b) Over time, resources/employees gain experience in different types of projects. c) Resources/employees move up within their functional domain, which gives them a reason to stay for the long term. The company benefits from their expertise and company d) Resources/employees work in tandem with their peers from the same domain, which eventually leads to knowledge

a) Resources/employees report to a functional manager who has experience in the same domain and who can understand and oversee the project work adequately. c) Resources/employees move up within their functional domain, which gives them a reason to stay for the long term. The company benefits from their expertise and company d) Resources/employees work in tandem with their peers from the same domain, which eventually leads to knowledge

Which of the following documents should be updated with possible responses to each identified risk? a) Risk register b) Risk review log c) Risk response log d) Risk assumption log

a) Risk register -The risk register lists all identified risks and all possible responses to each identified risk. The risk register also include details with reference to risk owners and their responsibilities, risk categories, risk prioritization, and risk severities. NONE of the other options is a VALID project management document.

Which of the following approaches are applicable to overcoming the flaws in matrix organization structures? (Choose three.) a) Roles and responsibilities of all the project stakeholders should be clearly communicated and documented to avoid mistakes. b) Instead of sharing skilled and capable resources between different projects, specific resources should be recruited for specific projects. c) There should be clear and defined communication among all the project stakeholders to minimize the possibilities of conflict and confusion. d) Responsibilities and authority should be effectively and clearly delegated.

a) Roles and responsibilities of all the project stakeholders should be clearly communicated and documented to avoid mistakes. c) There should be clear and defined communication among all the project stakeholders to minimize the possibilities of conflict and confusion. d) Responsibilities and authority should be effectively and clearly delegated. -In matrix organizations, resources often have to report to both the functional manager and the project manager. -There should be clear and defined lines of communication among all of the project stakeholders to minimize the possibilities of conflict and confusion.

Which of the following charts is drawn with two variables, wherein the first variable is usually independent and the second variable is dependent on the first variable? a) Scatter chart b) Pareto chart c) Fishbone chart d) Run chart

a) Scatter chart -A scatter chart, also known as a scatter plot or scatter graph, includes a diagram with one independent and one dependent variable. The scatter chart may determine that there is a positive correlation, negative correlation, or zero correlation between the two characteristics being plotted. -A scatter chart must define the ordered pairs to be effective.

A new project is valued at $4,500,000 and is scheduled to begin in the next two months. However, Doug is currently working on another project with a similar goal that is due to be complete in the next six months. Which activities should Doug perform with respect to project resources? (Choose all that apply.) a) Speak to the management about how his allocation to the new project will affect the ongoing project. b) Quit the ongoing project to take up the new project. c) Decline the new project. d) Ask to employ a project coordinator who can help Doug with both projects.

a) Speak to the management about how his allocation to the new project will affect the ongoing project. d) Ask to employ a project coordinator who can help Doug with both projects.

Which role has the responsibility to market the projects to the rest of the company or the outside world and help the project teams to handle project roadblocks, such as providing decisions regarding high risks? a) Sponsor/champion b) Schedular c) Project manager d) Project coordinator.

a) Sponsor/champion -Sponsor/champion has the responsibility to market the project and help the project teams handle project roadblocks, such as providing go/no go decisions for high risks. -Marketing the project does not refer to selling its end result or service, but to ensuring there is overall organizational support for the project, its outcome, and its budget.

For your project, the SPI is .75. What does this indicate? a) The project is behind schedule. b) The project is under budget. c) The project is ahead of schedule. d) The project is over budget.

a) The project is behind schedule. -The schedule performance index (SPI) is a measure of how well the project is progressing with regard to the schedule. An SPI value less than 1 indicates that the project is behind schedule. -SPI value does not indicate that the project is over or under budget. Instead, CPI (cost performance index) can provide this information. -An SPI value greater than 1 indicates that the project is ahead of schedule.

Your project has a CV of +8000. Which statement is true about the project? a) The project is under budget by 8,000 b) The project is over budget by 8,000 c) The project is ahead of schedule. d) The project is behind schedule.

a) The project is under budget by 8,000 -The cost variance (CV) indicates whether you are over or under budget. A positive CV value indicates that you are under budget. -CV value doesn't measure the schedule.

Avoid a) The risk is eliminated, or the project is altered to prevent the risk from occurring. b) The probability of the risk is reduced. c) The risk is acknowledged, but no action is taken. d) The risk impact is shifted to another party.

a) The risk is eliminated, or the project is altered to prevent the risk from occurring.

Which of the following elements would NOT be included in a statement of work (SOW) written for a vendor that will be providing human resources for a project? a) The total budget of the project b) All deliverables and their due dates c) The required number of resources d) Individual tasks that lead to the deliverables' completion

a) The total budget of the project -A SOW doesn't include the total budget of the project.

You are managing a project that must comply with governmental standards. The project must undergo a third-party assessment to ensure compliance. According to the schedule, the project is one week away from being ready for this process. You must notify the appropriate entities to ensure that the compliance assessment can start on time. Which communication trigger has occured? a) Milestone b) Audit c) Incident response d) Business Continuity Response

b) Audit -The project audit is the process of verification of the extent that the project complied with the rules and principles of project management through the life cycle of the project. -The project manager, team members, project sponsor, and project owner need to be notified to initiate project auditing. #Compliance!!!!! aha!!

Which three statements are true about burndown charts? (Choose three) a) Cumulative flow diagrams (CFD) are created using burndown charts. b) Burndown charts are used to track the effort remaining in a sprint. c) The Y axis displays remaining effort, and the X axis displays working days. d) Burndown charts help track product development.

b) Burndown charts are used to track the effort remaining in a sprint. c) The Y axis displays remaining effort, and the X axis displays working days. d) Burndown charts help track product development.

You manage several small projects for a large multi-national company. One of the stakeholders contacts you regarding an issue with an environmental project. Soil samples are being collected from throughout the country to provide data for the project. However, the stakeholder feels that the soil sampling needs to extend to several other counties to ensure that the sampling size is large enough. You document the change, analyze its impact on the project, and provide a justification for the change. Which of the following would be the correct approval authority? a) Technical expert b) CCB c) Project sponsor d) Project manager e) Project stakeholders

b) CCB -The approval authority for any project changes should be the change control board (CCB).

Which is the essential prerequisite for team building? a) Removal of troublesome individuals b) Commitment from top level management c) Shared work ethics among team members d) Funding for staff development activities.

b) Commitment from top level management -Team building is a process by which a group of people is coordinated and directed to achieve a common goal. Therefore, ensuring coordination between all the team members is essential during the team building process. -The most essential requirement for team building is to obtain commitment from top management.

Which of the following statements is FALSE regarding barriers to communication between two or more organizations where cultural differences exist? a) Ethnocentrism is the belief that one's own culture is better than other cultures b) Cultural prejudice can have both positive and negative implications for a cultural group c) Stereotyping is an uneducated and oversimplified portrayal of another race, ethnic group, or culture. d) Cultural discrimination implies actions taken to exclude another group from being treated the same way as the "dominant" culture.

b) Cultural prejudice can have both positive and negative implications for a cultural group -Cultural prejudices never have positive implications. It is necessary to be respectful and tolerant of cultural differences to aid effective communication.

Sam Singh is based in the US while managing a project for a client in France. The kick-off meeting and several other discussions are scheduled for the following week. All discussions with the project sponsor will need to be carried out in French. Which of the following options would best suit the project? (Choose all that apply.) a) Communicate entirely through e-mail so that recipients can translate them as needed. b) Do not communicate important matters with the project sponsor through e-mail. c) Conduct video conferencing with a translator or interpreter present. d) Communicate through voice conferencing with translators present.

b) Do not communicate important matters with the project sponsor through e-mail. c) Conduct video conferencing with a translator or interpreter present -Communicating important matters about the project via email is not safe. -It would be confusing to have a voice conference with a translator present where no one can see each other. Body language is often as important as verbal communication.

Which of the following measures is NOT an appropriate action for a project manager to take with respect to building trust? a) Inform all stakeholders when risks occur. b) Document all issues and conflicts that arise in the project. c) Instruct the team to communicate with each other and stakeholders if problems arise. d) Confront team members in private to help resolve the issues.

b) Document all issues and conflicts that arise in the project. -For team members, documenting all issues and conflicts may seem to be as the project manager documenting issues to use against them later.

Which of the following charts is used to track project activities against time? a) Pareto chart b) Gantt chart c) Scatter chart d) Run chart

b) Gantt chart -Gantt charts are commonly used in project management to track project activities against time. -A Gantt chart represents schedule information where activities are listed in the vertical axis and dates are shown on the horizontal axis. It displays activity durations.

You are the project manager for a proposed project that will develop a system to integrate several divergent systems. There are many stakeholders from differing backgrounds, and each has specific needs from the new system. What is the best first step to facilitate discussion of the project objectives and plans? a) Interview each stakeholder individually to find out what each one wants from the system and then incorporate all of those wants into the project scope document. b) Have a formal kick-off meeting at which all stakeholders participate. c) Review the project schedule and risk assessment with each individual stakeholder. d) Submit all the wants of the stakeholders to the project sponsors for approval.

b) Have a formal kick-off meeting at which all stakeholders participate. -kick-off meeting is for discussing project objectives.

You want to ensure a vendor delivers its product on time. What are two reasonable approaches to help ensure that this happens? (Choose two) a) Have two vendors work independently to produce identical products. b) Include a bonus incentive in the contract. c) Have two vendors work together to produce the product. d) Include a late penalty in the contract.

b) Include a bonus incentive in the contract. d) Include a late penalty in the contract.

Jason is an experienced project manager. He plans team-building activities for the team, motivates his team, speaks to them about their work problems, offers solutions, and shows appreciation. As a result, his team has been meeting all deadlines, and everyone seems glad to be at work. Which of the following statements is TRUE about team building? a) It is a strategic chore taken to ensure that resources meet all their targets and get the work done. b) It focuses on ensuring that individual team members stay motivated and are acquainted with each other. c) It is undertaken to recognize the best performers so they can be used on other projects. d) It involves team members carrying out their respective assigned tasks.

b) It focuses on ensuring that individual team members stay motivated and are acquainted with each other. -team building is undertaken to engage the project team members to various activities so as to enhance their social relations when working as a team.

Which of the following characteristics is NOT one of the primary elements of a SCRUM retrospective? a) It urges the team to discuss alternative ideas that increase efficiency. b) It helps the team focus primarily on hindrances. c) It helps build the team's sense of ownership and time and effort management. d) It helps in team formation and enhances team bonding within the team.

b) It helps the team focus primarily on hindrances. -Hindrances are often beyond the team's control. Focusing on them would lower the team's morale.

You are sequencing your project's activities using PDM. Which statement about PDM is true? a) PDM uses only finish-to-finish dependencies. b) PDM does not represent loops and conditional branches c) PDM is also known as AOA. d) PDM represents each activity with an arrow.

b) PDM does not represent loops and conditional branches -Precedence Diagramming Method, also known as AON (activity-on-node), is a method of constructing network diagrams. -PDM uses nodes to represent activities, and the nodes are connected with arrows that depict the dependencies between activities.

Which of the following reasons may be the result of the reorganizational differences and possibly result in project failure? a) Insufficient resources to complete all tasks as part of scheduled deliverables. b) Poor communication due to a lack of definitive communication strategy. c) Differences in working hours between the involved departments. d) Disagreement over aspects of the project scope.

b) Poor communication due to a lack of definitive communication strategy. -Different departments often have different communication strategies. If one of the departments involved in a project has informal communication style, then the project manager may not find out about project issues in a timely manner. -Project managers must ensure that all team members understand the communication plan for the project.

Which tool provides an overall summary of the basic flow and interactions among business operations and specific stakeholders? a) Pareto chart b) Process diagram c) Histogram d) Gantt chart

b) Process diagram Companies may have a process diagram that shows how to carry out a purchase that includes all the procurement documentation right through the final payment process. -The process diagram should be created for every business process.

Which of the following statements is FALSE about inter-project dependency? a) It occurs when projects depend on each other's mutual contributions to meet the needs of the organization. b) Project inter-dependency does not relate to personnel sharing of human resources and knowledge exchange. c) It occurs when a project is dependent on the completion of another project's deliverables to be successful. d) Setting up inter-project dependencies involves identifying the project's deliverables, defining them, and then setting up dependencies on those deliverables in other projects.

b) Project inter-dependency does not relate to personnel sharing of human resources and knowledge exchange. -Project inter-dependency directly relates to the sharing of human resources and knowledge exchange between projects and probable cannibalization of products. -Adequately managing project inter-dependencies among different projects is crucial for an organization if its projects are to be successfully completed.

With respect to helping a project manager adapt to new/changing requirements, which of the following characteristics does NOT reflect the adaptive approach in Agile methodology? a) Project managers and teams learn via iterative deliveries. b) Project timelines are unstable owing to excessive iterations c) Projects are managed with strategic flexibility to help rule out the existence of irreversible decisions. d) Project work is gauged via performance measurement and quantitative project risk analysis.

b) Project timelines are unstable owing to excessive iterations

Sam, the project manager, has to communicate newly identified risks and their priorities to the team. Which of the following project management documents will Sam update? a) Cost management plan b) Risk register c) Communication management plan d) Schedule management plan

b) Risk register -The risk register contains a list of the risks, the risk's type, its likelihood, its severity, and the countermeasures that can be taken against it. -The risk register updates need to be communicated to any stakeholders who are interested in risk or interested in the project tasks that the risks may affect. -For e.g: if a functional manager is interested in risks relating to human resources, and the lead programmer is responsible for overseeing tasks performed by junior programmers, then both the functional manager and the lead programmer should be informed of the risk that one resource might have to take extended leave.

Linda is working on a project to develop an e-commerce website. Currently she is in the process of determining the tasks or activities that are needed to complete the deliverables. Which two techniques can she use to accomplish this requirement? (Choose two.) a) Alternative analysis b) Rolling wave planning c) Decomposition d) Three-point estimation

b) Rolling wave planning c) Decomposition -In the decomposition technique, the project deliverables are divided into smaller units, referred to as work packages. -In this process, the smallest unit of work is the final output of the technique. Once determined, it is recorded as an activity rather than a deliverable. -Rolling wave planning technique are determined iteratively over the project's duration. The tasks to be performed in near future are identified and planned in detail.

One of the team members of the project you manage has suggested that you crash the project schedule. Which indicator would you MOST likely use as a basis for crashing your schedule? a) EV b) SPI c) AC d) CPI

b) SPI -Schedule Performance Indicator (SPI) is an indicator of how well the project is progressing with regard to its schedule. -An SPI value of less than 1 indicates the project is behind schedule and an SPI value of greater than 1 indicates that the project is ahead of schedule. -If your project had an SPI value less than 1, you most likely would crash the schedule.

You are the manager of a project that is creating a new application for the Marketing department in your company. During the project, the Marketing department supervisor moves to another department, and a new supervisor is hired from outside the company. Of which type of communication trigger is this an example? a) Schedule change b) Stakeholder Change c) Milestone d) Resource change

b) Stakeholder change -A new Marketing department supervisor being hired outside the company marks the communication trigger of stakeholder change. This change should be reflected in the stakeholder register. -The purpose of stakeholder register is to document the list of personnel impacted by a project and their influence and impact on the project.

Which of the following individuals or parties can hold audits and then communicate their corresponding recommendations afterwards? (Choose two) a) Project sponsor b) Steering committee c) Project manager d) External auditor

b) Steering committee d) External auditor -The steering committee and an external auditor are authorized to hold audits and to communicate their corresponding recommendations afterwards. -In addition, the project management office or audit department can also hold audits. -The results of the audit need only to be communicated to interested parties, the project team, project manager, and project sponsor.

You are estimating the amount of human effort required to complete a task. Which two factors should you consider? (Choose two) a) Task priority b) Task scope c) Task predecessors and successors d) Task complexity

b) Task scope d) Task complexity -Task complexity and scope are the primary factors that affect the amount of human effort required to complete a given task.

Which of the following options refers to the process of encouraging employees to work in tandem with each other, their manager, customer, and the organization as a whole bound by a common purpose? a) Team selection b) Team building c) Trust building d) Conflict resolution

b) Team building

Your company needs to hire a new project manager. All candidates have excellent project management knowledge and skills based on their resumes. However, you want to ensure that the new hire is able to manage the project team effectively. Which of the following skills should you focus on the most? a) Knowledge about best practices of project management b) Team building and leadership skills while performing project-related activities c) Impeccable communication skills to bring projects to a successful closure d) Negotiation skills to drive projects towards the path of success.

b) Team building and leadership skills while performing project-related activities -Team building expertise and exhibiting leadership skills during project-related activities is a crucial requirement. Without it, a project manager cannot effectively manage the project team.

Which of the following types of risk includes errors and defects in a platform or service, and unprecedented delays owing to hardware or software issues? a) Resource risk b) Technology risk c) Scheduling risk d) Scope risk

b) Technology risk

Examine the network diagram and task durations shown in the exhibit: (refer to the diagram). If the estimated duration of Task G were increased by six weeks, what would be the result? a) The estimated completion date of the project would not change. b) The estimated completion date of the project would be delayed by three weeks. c) The critical path of the project would not change. d) The estimated completion date of the project would be earlier than originally anticipated.

b) The estimated completion date of the project would be delayed by three weeks. -the path with the longest duration i.e A, B, C, D is the critical path. If the duration of each path in which Task G resides would increase by six weeks. The result is that the estimated completion date of the project would be delayed by three weeks, from a 28-week duration to a 31-week duration.

Mitigate a) The risk is eliminated, or the project is altered to prevent the risk from occurring. b) The probability of the risk is reduced. c) The risk is acknowledged, but no action is taken. d) The risk impact is shifted to another party.

b) The probability of the risk is reduced.

Enhance a) The risk is eliminated, or the project is altered to prevent the risk from occurring. b) The risk drivers are identified and adjusted to increase the probability of the risk occurring. c) The project team ensures that the risk occurs. d) The risk impact is shifted to another party.

b) The risk drivers are identified and adjusted to increase the probability of the risk occurring.

Which of the following statements represents the best reason why the sponsor should review the business case in the early stages of the project? a) To confirm that the project requirements are understood by the PM b) To confirm that the project requirements are valid and the project should continue. c) To confirm that the project requirements are understood by the project team members d) To confirm that the project requirements are understood by all stakeholders.

b) To confirm that the project requirements are valid and the project should continue. -The reason why the sponsor/champion should review the business case in the early stage of the project is to confirm that the requirements of the project are still valid and the project should continue. -As the sponsor is accountable to ensure project success, the review is an important responsibility for a sponsor.

The project on which Mathew is working is in the Closing phase. This project has delivered an application that helps tracking the attendance of the employees of the client organization, which was previously managed manually. Which of the following actions will take place after project delivery and sign off? (Choose two.) a) Job shadowing b) Training c) Executing user acceptance test d) Planning deployment of the application in the client organization.

b) Training d) Planning deployment of the application in the client organization. -Gotta understand that execution of user acceptance test needs to be done much before the Closing phase and not after delivering the product.

You are working on project planning for a new project. You need to identify the main project constraints. What is NOT an example of a constraint? a) The budget for your project is $750,000. b) Trend analysis will be used to measure the performance of the project. c) Customers require the new system to be available 24x7. d) The new product to be produced will be debuted at a trade show during March.

b) Trend analysis will be used to measure the performance of the project. -Trend analysis is not considered as a project constraint. It is a tool/technique used by the Perform Quality Control process.

Jason Davis is a project manager aligned with a major software development project. Jason needs to hold a meeting with project stakeholders in several different countries to communicate the project milestone information. Which of the following options would be the best step for Jason to take to arrange for this meeting? (Choose two.) a) Invite only the major stakeholders to attend a voice conference, and email the meeting notes to the non-major stakeholders. b) Use voice conferencing, and email the meeting notes afterward to all stakeholders. c) Create a communication plan. d) Use video conferencing, and encourage active listening.

b) Use voice conferencing, and email the meeting notes afterward to all stakeholders. d) Use video conferencing, and encourage active listening. -Some stakeholders may live in areas that do not have sufficient internet bandwidth to support video conferencing, so a voice conferencing option should always be available as a backup.

Vivian Taylor works for Verigon LLC. Vivian has been selected to lead the project. She is creating the project charter for the project. Which of the following is true? a) Vivian is an experienced team member, and the sponsor will approve the project charter. b) Vivian is the project manager, and the sponsor will approve the project charter. c) Vivian is one of the stakeholders, and the project manager will approve the project charter. d) Vivian is the sponsor, and the customer will approve the project charter.

b) Vivian is the project manager, and the sponsor will approve the project charter. -Vivian is the project manager creating the project charter, and the sponsor will approve it.

For which of the following instances is request for quote (RFQ) NOT used? a) When small quantities of items are needed b) When soliciting bids from new vendors c) When the item specifications are knowns d) When items will cost over a certain dollar amount e) When sealed bids will be used.

b) When soliciting bids from new vendors -You would use soliciting bids, NOT with new vendors but with KNOWN vendors. -A request proposal (RFP) would be used to solicit bids from a vendor that has not previously supplied the organization.

Which of the following statements does NOT define a main area of discussion in a SCRUM retrospective? a) Roadblocks faced during the current sprint b) Worst performers in the current sprint c) Areas of improvement in the current sprint d) Accomplishments through the current sprint

b) Worst performers in the current sprint -A SCRUM retrospective does NOT define the worst performance in the current sprint. It is rather detrimental to point out "worst performers" and is a practice that is deemed demotivating. However, the team should be open to receiving and providing constructive feedback.

Your organization has been awarded a contract. Under the terms of the contract, your company will supply the buyer with equipment components. The contract stipulates that if you are unable to deliver the components on time, there will be a $200,000 penalty. If there is a 10 percent probability that you will not deliver the components on time, what is the expected value associated with this risk? a) $10,000 b) $180,000 c) $20,000 d) $200,000

c) 20,000

Examine the risk ranking in the exhibit. (refer to the diagram) All of the following risks would appear in the top three risks in your prioritized list of risks, EXCEPT: a) Availability of network connections b) Availability of programmers c) Ability to implement system on budget d) Vendor's ability to deliver on time

c) Ability to implement system on budget - A prioritized list of risks lists risks from highest to lowest based on the likelihood that they will occur and their impact to the project. To prioritize the potential project risks, you should multiply each risk's probability by its impact. This risk with the highest value should be listed first in your prioritized list of risks. Vendor's ability to deliver on time .7 x .9 = .63 (which is the highest value) So, the Vendor's ability to deliver on time would be the 1st one, 2nd would be Availability of programmers (.42), 3rd would be Availability of network connections (.40)

Which of the following documents would provide the LEAST amount of specific detail regarding a project? a) RFP b) RFQ c) RFI d) SOW

c) RFI -A request for information (RFI) signifies a formal process to collect facts or information about a product or service from its suppliers and manufacturers. It would supply the least amount of detail about the specific project for which procurement is being sought. -A RFI seeks to establish a vendor's capabilities and level of experience, not to explain the specific project requirements or deliverables.

While manufacturing some materials needed by a project, the vendor notifies you that certain specifications do not fit governmental standards. You implement the change control process to approve the change to the procurement. Who should be contacted FIRST regarding this change? a) Project team members b) Vendor c) Change control board d) Project sponsor

c) Change control board. -The change control process provides the project manager, sponsors, CCB (change control board) members, and all other stakeholders with the standard process for managing changes to the project. -The purpose of CCB is to manage change requests and control approved changes while ensuring the project remains on schedule, within budget, and on track to provide the agreed-on deliverables.

Peter Williams is a project manager overseeing a construction project. Halfway through the project lifecycle, he realizes that the subcontractors have been working with an incorrect version of the scope statement. Which of the following should Peter do FIRST? a) Check the work done so far, and meet the customer to have changes made to the scope accordingly. b) Have the subcontractors replaced with new subcontractors. c) Confirm and review the scope of work and meet with the subcontractors. d) Document the inconsistencies and calculate the cost of re-work.

c) Confirm and review the scope of work and meet with the subcontractors. -Phil must first confirm and review the scope of work and then meet with the subcontractors to brief them on the next course of action.

Gail, the project manager, discusses a project change with the project sponsor. The project sponsor wants a new feature to be included in the mobile application that is being designed by Gail's team. Gail documents the request, evaluates its impact, and provides justification for the change. According to the change control process (CCP), what should Gail include as part of evaluating the impact and justification? a) Update the project documents. b) Obtain approval. c) Develop a regression plan. d) Implement the change.

c) Develop a regression plan. -The regression plan will provide a means to reverse any changes that are implemented.

Verigon, inc. has begun working on a project to create a new product that will reduce the toxic waste produced by printer inks. In this scenario, what is the need or demand behind the business case? a) Organization need b) Social need c) Ecological impact d) Customer request

c) Ecological impact

The purpose of team-building activities is to: a) Comply with PMI guidelines of project management b) Persuade team members to work extra hours. c) Enhance team performance d) Connect team members emotionally.

c) Enhance team performance -Team building activities include actions taken by both management and individual team members to enhance the performance of the team.

When meeting with a client with cultural differences before the inception of a project, which of the following communication channels would allow a project manager to best understand the customer and retain more of the customer's attention? a) Voice conferencing b) Social media c) Face-to-face meetings d) Video conferencing

c) Face-to-face meetings

You are managing a project for a local children's museum. As part of the Perform Quality Assurance process, you are given a chart that shows the attendance statistics grouped by age since the project began, as shown in the following exhibit: (refer to the diagram) What type of tool have you been given? a) Control chart b) Ishikawa diagram c) Histogram d) scatter diagram

c) Histogram - Histogram are tools used in the Perform Quality Assurance and Perform Quality Control processes.

Robert, a project manager, is informed by a team member that she made a minor improvement to the design of the training software they have been creating for a client. The team member already made the change with no additional cost or time. What should Robert do FIRST? a) Verify whether the change adds value to the product. b) Call a team meeting to discuss change control procedures c) Implement the change control process to validate the change. d) Submit the implemented change to the customer.

c) Implement the change control process to validate the change. -Even though the change has already occurred, Robert should follow the steps in the change control process to verify that the change is documented, that its impact is evaluated, and that it will benefit and not negatively impact the project. Once that is done, Robert can submit a change request to the approval authority with the information they need to either approve the change or reject it and revert to the previous design architecture using the regression plan.

You are assigned to a complex project in software development. After using your extensive experience and performing several reviews, you finalize the estimate for the new project and submit it to your management. This is the best estimate that you have worked out, and it cannot be reduced unless scope, cost or quality is compromised. The customer is unhappy with the estimates because he feels that the effort estimate is too high and the schedule is unreasonable. Your management wants you to reduce the estimates at any cost. What should you do? a) Ask your team members for their opinion. b) Inform your management upfront that the estimates cannot be reduced any further. c) Inform your management that the estimates can be reduced only if you adjust scope, cost, or quality. d) Do as your management wants and revise the estimates.

c) Inform your management that the estimates can be reduced only if you adjust scope, cost, or quality. -Project managers are at times given unrealistic project completion targets. Project managers are required to handle such issues in an upfront manner. Under such situations, project managers must inform the management that the estimates can be revised only if scope, cost and quality are adjusted.

While working on a project, Linda needs a template for creating the project communication plan. From which one of the following project contributors should she acquire this template? a) Sponsor b) Project coordinator c) Project Management Office (PMO) d) Project Steering Committee

c) Project Management Office (PMO) -PMO is responsible for making all the tools and templates available for use in a project.

Which of the following statements are benefits of managing projects within a program? (Choose all that apply.) a) Increase level of conflict among projects b) Maximizes resource constraints c) Provides easy and better management of interrelated projects d) Achieves strategic goals of the organization.

c) Provides easy and better management of interrelated projects d) Achieves strategic goals of the organization. -Projects in a program may all be managed by the same project manager or team of project managers, or they may all produce the same type of products or services. Therefore, managing the interrelated projects within a program becomes easy.

Which element shows the cumulative number of resources used on a particular day or week to complete all the tasks for that day or week? a) Resource list b) Gantt chart c) Resource Histogram d) Pareto Diagram

c) Resource Histogram -If there are 10 tasks to be performed on a particular day and each task has a different number of resources allocated, the total number of resources used on that particular day can be viewed in the resource histogram.

Ellen meets the project sponsor and hands him a list of feature improvements, encourages changes to the design of the website, and requests that they speak to the customer. Which of the following options best describes Ellen's action? a) Communication management b) Schedule management c) Scope management d) Quality management

c) Scope management -Scope management refers to the set of processes that ensure a project's scope is defined and mapped accurately. Scope management techniques allow project managers and supervisors to allocate just the right amount of work necessary to complete a project successfully.

Which project document will you use to determine the target audience when planning project communications? a) Project Statement of Work b) Risk Register c) Stakeholder Register d) Project charter

c) Stakeholder Register

George Thomas, a project manager, is working on a document that will be sent to key stakeholders to share the progress of the project. Which of the following documents is George creating? a) Communication plan b) Project Schedule c) Status report d) Project management plan

c) Status report -A status report is a formalized report on project progress against the project plan. It's purpose is to effectively and efficiently communicate the project status, including positive and negative information, to project stakeholders at regular intervals.

After she is assigned to manage a project, Nancy is told that she can obtain templates, best practices, and lessons learned from the Project Management Office (PMO). Which option best categorizes the PMO? a) Controlling b) Unsupportive c) Supportive d) Directive

c) Supportive -The PMO can be best categorized as a supportive PMO based on the information given. -This kind of supportive PMO serves as a repository, and exercises low control over projects.

Exploit a) The risk is eliminated, or the project is altered to prevent the risk from occurring. b) The probability of the risk is reduced. c) The project team ensures that the risk occurs. d) The risk impact is shifted to another party.

c) The project team ensures that the risk occurs.

Accept a) The risk is eliminated, or the project is altered to prevent the risk from occurring. b) The probability of the risk is reduced. c) The risk is acknowledged, but no action is taken. d) The risk impact is shifted to another party.

c) The risk is acknowledged, but no action is taken.

What is an example of project initiated due to social need ? a) adding IoT to the existing air conditioner unit b) handling of toxic chemicals c) developing a new quicker method of purifying water. d) environmental requirements

c) developing a new quicker method of purifying water.

You are managing a project for your company. During the Develop Project Team process, the team is choosing a team leader, developing their norms, and becoming more cohesive. What stage of team development are they likely in? a) norming b) storming c) forming d) performing

c) forming -During forming stage, the team creates the team goals, structure, roles and directions. -By the end of this stage, the team is defined. The team may also choose a team leader, develop their norms, and become more cohesive. The team members begin to build trust during the forming stage.

For which of the following instances is Request For Quote (RFQ) NOT used? a) when small quantities of items are needed. b) when items will cost over a certain dollar amount c) when soliciting bids from new vendors. d) when the item specifications are known e) when sealed bids will be used.

c) when soliciting bids from new vendors -You should use a RFQ with a known vendor only. -RFP (Request For Proposal) would be used for soliciting vids from a vendor that has not previously supplied the organization.

Which of the following types of long-term contract sets a total price for the procured product, but allows the price to fluctuate based on market conditions? a) FFP b) T&M c) FPIF d) FP-EPA

d) FP-EPA -Fixed price with economic price adjustment contract is a long-term contract that sets a total price for the procured product. However, it allows the price to fluctuate based on market or economic conditions.

Matthew is determining the durations of the tasks in the project. He is using the three-point estimation technique to accomplish this requirement. He finds the following durations for Task 1A: Most likely (tM) - 26 days Optimistic (tO) -20 days Pessimistic (tP) -28 days Now he has to calculate the duration of the task by using beta distribution. Which of the following values will he find as the estimated duration of this task? a) 50.66 b) 12.33 c) 24.66 d) 25.33

d) 25.33 -The formula to perform three-point estimation using beta distribution is: tE = (tO + 4tM + tP) / 6 Matthew will calculate the duration of the task as: tE = (20 + 4*26 + 28) /6 tE = (20 + 104 + 28) / 6 -This formula requires three values: optimistic, most likely, and pessimistic. Three-point estimation is also known as program evaluation and review technique (PERT). Beta distribution gives a larger weighting to the most likely value. -For cost it would be; (tO + 4tM + tP)/3

When can you say that a project is exceeding its budget? a) EV is greater than AC b) CPI is greater than 1 c) CPI is equal to 1 d) AC is greater than EV

d) AC is greater than EV -AC (Actual cost) is the sum of the cost of all the effort put forth to actually complete the tasks up to that point of time in a project schedule. -EV (Earned value) represents the budget of all the activities that were completed up to that point of time in a project schedule. #Remember, if it's negative then it is over budget. If positive, it is under budget. To make it negative, AC has to be greater than EV.

Sam is working on an Agile project and his team is self-organized and self-directed. Which of the following traits will he NOT find in his team? a) Distributed control b) Continuous ownership and feedback c) Continuous adaptation d) Absent leader or manager

d) Absent leader or manager. -Self-organized and self-directed teams DO have a leader or manager, often referred to as a SCRUM master. These managers create conditions for the project.

Which of the following points are NOT correct regarding the list of action items? a) It should be written in clear sentences. b) Action items need a deadline for completion. c) Each action item must be assigned on owner. d) Action items are the same as tasks.

d) Action items are the same as tasks. -Action items usually break a complex task into further chunks, thus making them easier to complete. Action items should always be clearly documented.

A risk trigger is: a) A metric used to measure the impact of a risk b) A risk response strategy c) An individual who is responsible for alerting the team when a given risk occurs d) An event that indicates that a risk has occurred or is about to occur.

d) An event that indicates that a risk has occurred or is about to occur. -A risk trigger is an event that indicates that a risk has occurred or is about to occur. Risk triggers are also known as risk symptoms and risk warning signs. -All of other options are incorrect because they do not provide a correct definition of a risk trigger.

Which of the following endeavors is NOT an example of a project? a) Developing an e-commerce website b) Constructing a building c) Developing the blueprint for a new care model d) Backing up a database on a daily basis.

d) Backing up a database on a daily basis. -Backing up a database on a daily basis is considered an operation because the backup process is a task that is performed repetitively and does not have a definite start and end date.

Nancy is working on a project in which she has procured a portion of development task from vendors. She has implemented contracts with the vendors to accomplish the project requirements. The vendors have completed the procurements needed, and Nancy has provided sign off on all the deliverables the vendors were supposed to deliver. Now Nancy needs to indicate that the procurements are complete. In which project phase is Nancy working? a) Initiation b) Executing c) Planning d) Closing

d) Closing -In closing phase, procurements are complete

Which project plan should be consulted to determine how print media should be distributed? a) Project management plan b) Procurement plan c) Change management plan d) Communication plan

d) Communication plan. -The communication plan should be consulted to determine how print media should be distributed.

Doris, the project manager, is overseeing a technical project that requires basic knowledge of a certain application. Two Developers on the team want to learn the application, and ask Doris to send them on a week-long training session. Doris determines that sending both resources to this training would harm the project schedule. The schedule will only allow one team member to attend the training. Doris needs to mitigate this situation to keep the project on track. She wants to allow both individuals to work with her to come up with a decision on who will attend the training. Which conflict resolution technique should she use? a) Withdraw/avoid b) Smooth/accommodate c) Force/direct d) Compromise/reconcile

d) Compromise/reconcile -This technique takes suggestions from both parties involved in conflict and tries to come to a compromise. -A compromise solution in this scenario could be for Doris to allow the one employee to attend the training during the current project and promise the other employee that he can attend as soon as the project allows or after the project completes.

Which of the following is a written, private agreement between two parties, is legally binding, and can be enforced by a judge? a) Memorandum of Understanding b) Warranty c) Request for Proposal d) Contract

d) Contract -A contract requires the acceptance of an offer, promise to perform, performance time requirements, terms and conditions of performance, and performance of the agreed upon tasks.

You are the project manager for a large project. The project plan sets up several major milestones based on project deliverables. Each time a major milestone is reached, the plan calls for meetings to be held with the sponsors to discuss the completed milestone and to gain their approval to begin work on the next deliverable. You have set up a meeting with the sponsors for the 10th of next month to coincide with the completion of the deliverable. However, an unexpected delay will cause the completion of the deliverable to be pushed back by one week. What should you do? a) Conduct the meeting on the originally scheduled date, and provide a comprehensive report of the project status. b) Conduct the meeting on the originally scheduled date, and report the delay. c) Postpone the tasks affected by the delay so that they are completed in the next project phase. d) Explain the need for the delay to the sponsors, and reschedule the meeting.

d) Explain the need for the delay to the sponsors, and reschedule the meeting. -The purpose of the meetings with the sponsors is to review the progress and make a "go/no go" decision as to whether to proceed to the next phase of the project. Therefore, you should only have the meeting when the deliverable is complete.

Which type or types of dependencies can be depicted by using PDM? a) both Start-to-Finish and Finish-to-Start b) only Finish-to-Start c) only Finish-to-Finish d) Finish-to-Start, Start-to-Finish, Start-to-Start, and Finish-to-Finish

d) Finish-to-Start, Start-to-Finish, Start-to-Start, and Finish-to-Finish -Using Precedence Diagramming Method, Finish-to-Start, Start-to-Finish, Start-to-Start, and Finish-to-Finish can be represented.

Which of the following charts is used to track project activities against time? a) Pareto chart b) Run chart c) Scatter chart d) Gantt chart

d) Gantt chart - Gantt charts are commonly used in project management to track project activities against time. A Gantt chart represents schedule information where activities are listed in the vertical axis and dates are shown on the horizontal axis. -It displays activity durations. Sometimes, it may also display team members and milestones, but this tool does not document each individual's responsibility. -Gantt charts are used

Using your project's WBS, you have created an activity list identifying the activities to be performed for the project. What is the next step you should take? a) Estimate the duration of each activity. b) Create a project schedule based on the identified list of activities. c) Update the project charter to include the list of activities that will be required for the project. d) Identify dependencies between activities and order the activities in a logical order of completion.

d) Identify dependencies between activities and order the activities in a logical order of completion.

Vanessa Moore, a project manager, has been selected to manage a fixed-price software project. Vanessa received a large change request from the customer. She's worried that it will negatively affect the project schedule. What should she do first? a) Meet with the team to receive their input on adding new tasks to their schedules. b) Renegotiate the cost and time constraints of the remaining contract. c) Meet with the stakeholders to analyze the customer's request. d) Initiate and follow the change control system.

d) Initiate and follow the change control system. -Doing so will mean following a collection of processes that ensure a change request is analyzed, approved/declined, and then managed. -Change requests are an official proposal requesting modifications to a project's documents or deliverables.

When you need to identify and explore the possible causes so that a problem or error does not arise in the future, you will use: a) Pareto chart b) Control charts c) Inspection d) Ishikawa diagram

d) Ishikawa diagram -You can use Ishikawa diagram to identify how various causes and sub-causes relate to problems. This diagram is also known as a Cause-and-Effect diagram, or fishbone diagram

Sam, the project manager, is working on a project where he has received a list of feedback/changes from the quality assurance team. After analysis of the feedback, he finds that the suggested changes are valid; however, their implementation may lead to a minor risk for the for the project and increase project budget. With this analysis, he obtains approval for the change from the Change Control Board (CCB). Which of the following project management documents should he update immediately? a) Scope baseline b) Scope management plan c) Lessons Learned documents d) Issue log

d) Issue log - The feedback/changes would require that the PM update the issue log with the changes/feedback/suggestions from the quality assurance team.

Which statement BEST characterizes the cost performance baseline of a project? a) It represents the cumulative costs incurred for a project. b) It is a static budget that serves as documentation of the original planned cost estimates of the project. c) It is used in the planning process to estimate potential costs for the activities associated with a project. d) It is a time-phased budget used for measuring and monitoring cost performance on the project.

d) It is a time-phased budget used for measuring and monitoring cost performance on the project. -It is an output of the Determine Budget process. -It is calculated by adding up all the cost estimates for a time period. It is usually displayed with the help of an S-Curve, which plots cumulative costs on the y-axis against time on the x-axis.

Sam works for an organization that manufactures and processes different chemicals, including toxic chemicals. His organization recently has awarded a project to an e-learning firm to develop Web-based training. The Web-based training will deliver a comprehensive set of guidelines for handling toxic chemicals. What describes the purpose of the project? a) Social need b) Environmental requirement c) Technological advance d) Legal requirement.

d) Legal requirement. -The handling of toxic chemicals is typically regulated by local, state, and federal regulations that must be met for the company to be licensed to produce such chemicals.

Which of the following options is true regarding a project manager's level of authority within a functional organization? a) Moderate to high authority b) High authority c) Total authority d) Limited or no authority

d) Limited or no authority -a functional organization is structured based on the specific that different groups of people perform. Various departments of functional organization is headed by functional managers who have the authority to take project decisions. -Project resources report to a functional manager.

Which of the following statements is correct with respect to project manager's authority in different types of matrix organizations? a) High authority in weak matrix organizations; low-to-moderate authority in balanced matrix organizations; low authority in strong matrix organizations b) Moderate authority in weak matrix organizations; low authority in balanced matrix organizations; high authority in strong matrix organizations c) Low-to-moderate authority in weak matrix organizations; high authority in balanced matrix organizations; moderate to high authority in strong matrix organizations d) Low authority in weak matrix organizations; low-to-moderate authority in balanced matrix organizations; moderate to high authority in strong matrix organizations

d) Low authority in weak matrix organizations; low-to-moderate authority in balanced matrix organizations; moderate to high authority in strong matrix organizations -A weak matrix organization structure resembles the characteristics of a functional organization structure. Therefore, in weak matrix organizations, the project manager has a part-time role and holds low authority.

As a part of implementing a new inventory process, you have procured a contractor to install some shelving in your warehouse. The contractor is charging you $40 per hour, plus the cost of the shelving and other supplies. Which type of contract are you under? a) CPIF b) CPFF c) FFP d) T&M

d) T&M -You are under a T&M contract. A Time and Materials (T&M) contract is a contract in which the seller charges the buyer for work, usually per hour or item, and the buyer reimburses the seller for required materials.

Prior to creating the schedule for a building construction project, and Danny must define the dependencies between the project tasks. The piping and wiring by the project team must be completed prior to the start of the installation of drywall or sheetrock. Which type of dependency does this require? a) Discretionary external dependency b) Discretionary internal dependency c) Mandatory external dependency d) Mandatory internal dependency

d) Mandatory internal dependency -Mandatory dependencies involve physical limitations and contractual or legal obligations. -Internal dependencies fall within the team's control, and are based on the relationship between project activities and internal project resources. -External dependency is out of our control.

The project manager had asked Ethan to create a document that will inform the project team which topics were discussed at a meeting. Ethan attended the meeting and took notes. Which of the following documents will Ethan create? a) Project milestones b) Dashboard/status report c) Business continuity response d) Meeting minutes e) Project status meeting agenda

d) Meeting minutes -Meeting minutes document the specific points of discussion at a meeting for all team members. It is important to document this information for all team members who could not attend the meeting, but the minutes should be provided to all team members as a reference whether or not they attended the meeting.

The project being managed by one of your peers is not progressing well. This is the first time that this person has been in the project manager role. In one of the senior management review meetings, this project manager is asked to show the status of the project. What should this project manager use to show the status to senior management? a) Gantt chart b) Network diagram c) Control chart d) Milestone chart

d) Milestone chart -A milestone chart shows only major events and only shows the completion of activities. It is best suited to report progress to senior management.

During project execution, you discover the need for an additional mid-level manager to coordinate a specific phase of the project. Then need of this coordinating manager position was not anticipated, but now it must be implemented. It will involve adding a management layer between you and the team working on Phase B of the project. Which action would be appropriate? a) Call a face-to-face meeting for the entire project team to introduce the new team member. b) Restructure the entire project team c) Have all email from the Phase B team members routed through the new manager before it reaches you. d) Modify the communications management plan.

d) Modify the communications management plan. -Adding a management layer between you and the team working on Phase B of the project will likely mean that the team will report to the new coordinating manager, who in turn will report to you. This will change the communication flow.

Share a) The risk is eliminated, or the project is altered to prevent the risk from occurring. b) The risk drivers are identified and adjusted to increase the probability of the risk occurring. c) The project team ensures that the risk occurs. d) Partial ownership of the risk is allocated to a third party.

d) Partial ownership of the risk is allocated to a third party.

Roger is working on his project schedule. Currently he has to determine critical path of the project, which has the following sequence of activities. (refer to the diagram) D represents task durations in days, and arrows represent task dependencies. Which of the following sequence of project activities is a critical path? a) Path A, E, F, G, H, K b) Path A, B, C, D c) Path A, E, F, G, H d) Path A, I, J, K

d) Path A, I, J, K -A critical path is the longest path formed by a sequence of project activities. The durations of the paths given are: Path A, I, J, K Duration: 2 + 5 + 8 + 8 = 23 days Therefore, the critical path for the project is path A, I, J, K. Because A, B, C, D = 11 days, A, E, F, G, H = 13 days ; A, E, F, G, H, K = 21 days

During which risk management process would a project manager decide to transfer a risk? a) Risk identification b) Quantitative risk analysis c) Monitor and control risk d) Plan risk response

d) Plan risk response -Transferring a risk is a risk response strategy that occurs during the plan risk responses process. In risk transference, the risk is transferred to a third party to mange it. It does not eliminate the risk, but it transfers the impact to another company.

Which of the following documents helps in risk identification? a) Project charter b) Contingency plan c) Scope statement d) Risk breakdown structure (RBS)

d) Risk breakdown structure (RBS) -The RBS helps in risk identification. -RBS is a hierarchical representation of risks. -It begins at higher-level and goes down to finer-level risks. -Any risks identified in the RBS would be placed in the risk register.

Which of the following project management documents are directly updated as a result of qualitative risk assessment? a) Cost management plan b) Risk management plan c) Schedule management plan d) Risk register

d) Risk register -Risk register updates will need to be communicated to the project sponsor, who will need to be told which mitigation actions and associated costs are required to manage risks. You may also need to notify the team members of any tasks that could be affected by the risks, as well as stakeholders who want to be kept informed of project tasks.

You are a project manager of a large infrastructure development project. This project has experienced some scope change, which has been approved by the stakeholders, and the WBS has been updated. As a result of this, what document will require revision? a) quality management plan b) schedule management plan c) scope d) schedule

d) Schedule -Changes to the scope will lead to an update of the WBS (work breakdown structure). WBS updates often lead to schedule revisions.

Your company has just signed a Fixed Price Contract with a customer. Under the terms of the contract, your company will be developing and delivering a new software module. In terms of the contract type, which would you be most concerned with? a) Completion date b) Quality c) Resource availability d) Scope

d) Scope -You would be most concerned with scope because you, the seller, are changing the customer a fixed rate, regardless of your actual costs. The costs of any delays in the project would affect your profit on the project. With this type of contract, the seller should monitor and manage the scope of the project closely to avoid additional costs.

Which stakeholders attend SCRUM daily meetings? a) Project sponsor and the executive management only b) Technical lead and project manager only c) Project owner and technical lead only d) The entire team aligned with the project.

d) The entire team aligned with the project. -Daily SCRUM meetings are attended every day by the entire team involved with the project. -It is imperative for everyone to be present, so that any impediments in way of achieving the previously planned tasks can be ruled out, while planning the next steps. PTN: Daily SCRUM meetings do NOT touch upon matters regarding another project. Daily SCRUM meetings focus on the tasks to be taken up and completed until the next meeting, the hurdles getting in the way of effective completing of the task, and whether the tasks can be completed in the time stipulated.

Transfer a) The risk is eliminated, or the project is altered to prevent the risk from occurring. b) The probability of the risk is reduced. c) The risk is acknowledged, but no action is taken. d) The risk impact is shifted to another party.

d) The risk impact is shifted to another party.

Jill Moore, the project manager at a manufacturing plant, receives a change request from the customer asking for the waste-bag in their product to be replaced with a filtering mechanism. This change request must be honored. Which of the following must Jill monitor closely? a) Tasks to be completed owing to the change request b) The resources' concerns c) Communication between all stakeholders d) The triple constraints

d) The triple constraints -In most project management documentation, the triple constraints are defined as cost (budget), scope (quality), and schedule (time). -A Project constraint is anything that restricts or dictates the actions of the project team. Cost, scope, and schedule are called the triple constraints because a change to one constraint usually affects one or both of the others.

Which statement is FALSE regarding self-organized and self-directed teams? a) These teams manage the work from assignment through execution to delivery b) These teams have a great sense of ownership and commitment. c) These teams considers knowledge and skills enhancement as a constant endeavor d) These teams always require project manager oversight and direction.

d) These teams always require project manager oversight and direction. -Self-organized and self-directed teams do NOT always require oversight from a project manager. -With self-organized and self-directed teams, project managers should rarely need to provide controls.

Jane Robinson is a project manager for a software firm. She received a change request from the customer. The request directly negates two items on the project scope. Jane wants to study the project charter, so she can make a decision accordingly. What is Jane trying to accomplish? a) To ensure that the project does not require extra resources b) To assess effectiveness of the change control system. c) To ensure that all the documentation on the project is complete. d) To determine whether it would be beneficial to have the scope change approved.

d) To determine whether it would be beneficial to have the scope change approved. -A scope change is a request to change the agreed scope and goals of the project to accommodate an alteration that was not defined initially to be a part of the project.

Danielle, a team member, notifies the project manager that she is about to add extra functionality to the project. Danielle says that there will be no impact on the cost or the schedule. Which of the following actions should the project manager complete first? a) Inform the customer of the change to the scope. b) Remove Danielle from the project team because the scope is final. c) Implement change control processes to track the change with respect to scope d) Understand what functionality is proposed, and if Danielle is gold plating, halt her progress.

d) Understand what functionality is proposed, and if Danielle is gold plating, halt her progress. -The project manger should understand the functionality proposed by Danielle, and stop her if she is trying to gold plate the project. Gold plating is usually done by team members. In gold plating, the customer is given more features in a product than he/she has asked for. This is mostly done without the knowledge of the project manager. #Always look for "add extra" for gold plating situations!!! Then u know it is not regarding CC process.

Which of the following documents includes quality assurance information about the manufacturer's product or service, and outlines the terms and conditions under a repair or exchange would be acceptable? a) Purchase order b) Letter of intent c) Service Level Agreement d) Warranty

d) Warranty

The free float and total float for Activity A in a project are five days and eight days, respectively. The Early Start date of Activity A is delayed by seven days. What corrective action would you take to ensure that the project finishes on the planned date? a) You would crash some of the subsequent activities. b) You would use fast tracking for some of the activities. c) You would call a meeting of the stakeholders. d) You would not do anything.

d) You would not do anything. -Because the total float for Activity A is eight days, the delay in commencement of Activity A by seven days would not affect the project finish date. -You wouldn't do anything because the project would still finish on the planned date.

During the Sequence Activities process, you have documented the delay of a successor activity. What is this delay also known as? a) a lead b) a mandatory dependency c) an external dependency d) a lag

d) a lag -a lag is a delay in the successor activity. For example, if regulations require a 10-day review period for a submitted proposal, then any successor activity must have a lag of 10 days before it can start.

You are a project manager for a large ERP implementation project. Several team members have brought to your attention that they are not receiving the information that they need regarding the project's status. Which document needs to be reviewed? a) the project management plan b) the risk response plan c) the scope management plan d) the communications management plan

d) the communications management plan -the communications management plan should outline the distribution structure, including who will receive what information.