Cancer Quiz - Brain, Head Neck, Liver, Pancreatic, Lung, Breast, Esophageal, Oral, Skin

A patient is having pain resulting from bone metastases caused by lung cancer. What is the most effective intervention for relieving the patient's pain?

Administer analgesics around the clock.

Which factor is the incidence of breast cancer most closely related to?

Aging

Which is a key feature of pancreatic cancer?

Anorexia

A patient is fearful that she might develop lung cancer because her father and grandfather died of cancer. She seeks advice about how to modify lifestyle factors that contribute to cancer. How does the nurse advise this patient?

Avoid situations where she would be exposed to "secondhand" smoke.

Which oral cavity tumor appears as a raised scab, primarily on the lips, and evolves to an ulcer with a raised pearly border?

Basal cell carcinoma

The nurse is caring for a postoperative patient after esophageal surgery. On assessment, the nurse discovers that the patient's temperature is 101, heart rate is 120/minute, and respiratory rate is 32/minute. Lung sounds include bilateral crackles. What is the nurse's priority first action?

Call the Rapid Response Team.

Which operative procedure includes excision of a segment of the mandible with the oral lesion, and radical neck dissection?

Commando procedure?

The nurse is caring for a patient with esophageal cancer who is scheduled to undergo an esophagogastrotomy with a section of the jejunum to replace the esophagus. Which procedure does the nurse expect to perform preoperatively?

Complete bowel preparation

After recovery from a modified neck dissection for oropharyngeal cancer, the client receives external radiation to the operative site. For which most critical reaction to the radiation should the nurse assess the client?

Mucosal edema

A patient is receiving a chemotherapy agent for lung cancer. The nurse anticipates that the patient is likely to have which common side effect?

Nausea

The patient describes experiencing a dull and steady substernal pain, especially after drinking cold liquids. Which manifestation of esophageal cancer does the nurse recognize?

Odynophagia

The nurse is teaching a 24 year old patient about breast self examination (BSE). What does the nurse tell the patient about the best time to perform BSE?

One week after her menstrual period

Which oral cavity lesion is associated with progression of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)?

Oral hairy leukoplakia

During an assessment of a patient with an oral tumor, the nurse notes that the patient develops stridor. What functional assessment is the least important for the nurse to complete at this time?

Pain rating

The patient with acute necrotizing pancreatitis experiences a temperature spike to 104. What does the nurse suspect?

Pancreatic abscess

Which patient is describing an ominous sign associated with inflammatory breast cancer, which is highly aggressive invasive breast cancer?

Patient reports breast pain and a rapidly growing breast lump.

For which patient is radiation therapy contraindicated?

Patient with tracheoesophageal fistula

Which therapy may be used as a cure for patients who have small localized tumors?

Photodynamic therapy

Based on risk factors and personal history, which woman has the greatest developing breast cancer?

Physician, age 56, who had her first child at 38.

Which instruction would the nurse be sure to give to the unlicensed assistive personnel (UAP) who will be assisting a patient with an esophageal tumor to eat?

Position the patient in a high Fowler's position before feedings.

A client in a debilitated state is admitted for palliative treatment of cancer of the liver. Which objective information collected by the nurse is most helpful for future monitoring of the client's condition?

Present weight

Which intervention promotes comfort in dyspnea management for a patient with lung cancer?

Provide supplemental oxygen via cannula or mask.

The postoperative patient who had esophageal surgery has an NG tube in place. What intervention should the nurse delegate to the unlicensed assistive personnel (UAP)?

Provide the patient with thorough mouth and nasal care every 2-4 hours.

After an esophagectomy, what is the nurse's priority for patient care?

Respiratory care

Cancer surveillance for high risk women is used to detect cancer in its early stages and is referred to as what kind of prevention?

Secondary

A patient returns from the operating room after having a tracheostomy. While assessing the patient, which observation made by the nurse warrants immediate notification of the health care provider?

Skin is puffy at the neck area with a crackling sensation

A patient is in the clinical for a nonhealing sore on the lower left corner of her bottom lip and right side of her tongue. The lesions are red, raised, and have erosions. After taking a history, the nurse suspects the patient may have which type of oral cancer?

Squamous cell carcinoma

The nurse is supervising a senior nursing student in the care of a patient after esophageal surgery. For which action by the student must the nurse intervene?

Student prepares to irrigate NG tube.

The patient with esophageal cancer has an excess of HER2 protein on the cell surface. What therapy does the nurse expect will be ordered for this patient?

Targeted therapy with IV trastuzumab

The unlicensed assistive personnel (UAP) is providing oral care for a patient after resection of an oral tumor. Which would the nurse instruct the UAP to report immediately?

There was unusual odor from the patient's mouth.

After surgery, a female patient has been told her breast tumor contains estrogen receptors. What is the clinical significance of this information and how will this type of cancer be treated?

This type of cancer has a better prognosis and usually responds to hormonal therapy

A patient with a tracheostomy stoma in place develops increased coughing, inability to expectorate secretions, and difficulty breathing. What are these assessment findings related to?

Tracheal stenosis

What clinical indicator does the nurse expect to identify when assessing a client with a brain tumor in the occipital lobe?

Visual hallucinations

According to the American Cancer Society, what are the recommendations for early detection by screening for breast masses?

Women aged 45-54 should have an annual mammogram, then every 2 years at age 55 and older.

A patient is scheduled for multiple tests to evaluate an oral tumor. The patient asks the nurse which of the tests is the best to determine if the tumor is cancerous. What is the nurse's best response?

"Biopsy is the definitive method for diagnosing oral cancer?"

Which question would the nurse be sure to ask a patient with suspected leukoplakia?

"Do you smoke, dip, or chew tobacco products?"

The nurse is taking a report on a patient who had a pneumonectomy 4 days ago. Which question is the best to ask during the shift report?

"Does the surgeon want the patient places on the operative or nonoperative side?"

During clinical breast exam, the examiner observes a small mass in the breast. What is the most important item to include in the documentation of this finding?

"Face of the clock" location of the mass

A patient has been informed by the health care provider that she has specific BRCA1 and BRCA2 gene mutations. Which brochure would the nurse prepare for the patient?

"Risk Factors and Treatments for Breast Cancer"

The nurse has completed a community presentation about lung cancer. Which statement from a participant demonstrates an understanding of the information presented?

"The primary prevention for reducing the risk of lung cancer is to stop smoking and avoid secondhand smoke."

When assessing a patient with a salivary gland tumor, the nurse pays particular attention to the facial nerve. Which requests by the nurse are likely to determine if the tumor has affected the facial nerve? Select all that apply.

-"Puff out your cheeks." -"Wrinkle your nose." -"Raise your eyebrows." -"Pucker your lips."

Which are manifestations of pancreatic cancer? Select all that apply.

-Anorexia and weight loss. -Splenomegaly. -Ascites -Leg or calf fain -Weakness and fatigue

Which sites are commonly affected by lung cancer metastasis? Select all that apply.

-Bone -Liver -Brain -Adrenal Glands

Which of the following may be warning signs of lung cancer? Select all that apply.

-Dyspnea -Persistent cough or change in cough -Use of accessory muscles for breathing -Labored or painful breathing

A patient was intubated for acute respiratory failure, and there is an endotracheal tube in place. Which nursing interventions are appropriate for this patient? Select all that apply.

-Ensure that the oxygen is warmed and humidified -Suction the airway and then the mouth, and give oral care -Position the tubing so it does not pull on the airway -Apply suction only when withdrawing the suction catheter -Keep a resuscitation bag at the bedside at all times

The nurse is counseling a woman who was recently diagnosed with breast cancer. Which factor has the most influence on the choice for treatment?

Extent and location of metastases.

A client is to have a parotidectomy to remove a cancerous lesion. For which postoperative complication that may be permanent should the nurse monitor?

Facial nerve dysfunction

In males who have breast cancer, what is the most typical presenting sign/symptom?

Hard, painless, subareolar mass

According to the American Cancer Society guidelines, annual screening mammograms are not recommended for women less than 40 years old. What is the underlying rationale for this recommendation?

In younger women, there is little difference in the density of normal tissue and malignant tumors.

A young woman is suspected of having invasive breast cancer. Based on the types and frequencies of breast cancer, what is the most likely diagnosis?

Infiltrating ductal carcinoma.

Which statement is true about radiation therapy for lung cancer patients?

It causes dry skin at the radiation site, fatigue, and changes in appetite with nausea.

The nurse has taught a patient with acute sialadenitis to use sialagogues to stimulate saliva. The patient demonstrates teaching has been effective when the patient states he will eat which food?

Lemon slices

Which patient is at highest risk for development of skin cancer?

Light-skinned female who works as a lifeguard every summer

After a patient has undergone a radical neck dissection, what is the priority nursing intervention?

Maintain the patient's airway.

Regarding the diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer, what are important considerations for young women? Select all that apply.

-Genetic predisposition is a stronger risk factor for young women compared to older women. -Young women frequently have more aggressive forms of the disease. -Screening tools can be less effective because young women have denser breast tissue. -Early menopause, infertility, and sexual dysfunction are concerns for young women.

Which patients are at higher risk for development of oral cavity disorders? Select all that apply.

-Homeless veteran -Older adult living in a long term care facility -Middle-aged smoker who is alcoholic -Middle-aged adult with history of working outdoors for over 20 years

A patient with a fibrocystic breast condition has just undergone fine needle aspiration to drain the cyst fluid and reduce pressure and pain. When would the nurse prepare patient education material about breast biopsy? Select all that apply.

-If fluid is not aspirated -If the mammogram shows suspicious findings -If the mass remains palpable after aspiration -If aspirated fluid reveals cancer cells

Which are recommended prevention strategies for oral cancer? Select all that apply.

-Minimize sun exposure -Stop using tobacco -Decrease alcohol intake -Avoid use of tanning beds

After receiving implantation of radioactive substances (brachytherapy) in the floor of the mouth, the nurse will place the patient on radiation transmission precautions that include which of the following key elements? Select all that apply.

-Place the patient in a private room with lead-lined walls. -Visitors may stay only less than 30 minutes a day. -A tracheostomy may be needed for edema and increased secretions.

A patient has a Kaposi's sarcoma lesion on his hard palate. How is this lesion described? Select all that apply.

-Small raised lesion -Purplish-brown nodule -Usually not painful

The nurse is teaching a patient who will have a radical neck dissection. The nurse will teach the patient that what structures will be removed during this procedure? Select all that apply.

-Sternocleidomastoid muscle -Excision of cervical lymph nodes on the affected side -Cranial nerve XI -Internal jugular vein

Which are considered acute effects of radiation therapy? Select all that apply.

-Stomatitis -Treatment related mucositis -Alteration in taste

Nonsurgical treatment options for cancer of the esophagus can include which therapies? Select all that apply.

-Swallowing therapy -Chemoradiation -Targeted therapies -Photodynamic therapy -Endoscopic therapies

Which statements about pancreatic cancer are accurate? Select all that apply.

-Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a common complication of pancreatic cancer. -Pancreatic cancer often presents in a slow and vague manner. -There are no specific blood tests to diagnose pancreatic cancer. -Chronic pancreatitis predisposes a patient to pancreatic cancer.

The nurse is assessing a patient's mouth for lesions. Which actions will the nurse implement? Select all that apply.

-Wear clean gloves -Assure adequate lighting with a penlight -Use a tongue blade -Assess for lesions, coatings, and cracking

Which factor makes the mammogram a more sensitive screening tool than other tests?

Able to reveal masses too small to be palpated manually.

How is xerostomia characterized?

Excessive mouth dryness

What is the most common symptom of esophageal cancer reported by patients?

Difficulty with swallowing?

Which type of oral cavity tumor appears as a red, velvety lesion on the tongue, palate, floor of the mouth, or mandibular mucosa?

Erythroplakia

Which procedure would the health care provider recommend for immediate relief of dysphagia?

Esophageal dilation

The definitive diagnosis for esophageal cancer is made with which procedure?

Esophageal ultrasound with fine needle aspiration