Capstone 1

Fixed interval

A monthly paycheck best represents a __________schedule of reinforcement

Extinction

After Pavlo's dogs became a conditioned to salivate at the sound of metronome, he experimented with sounding the metronome and then failing to present the dogs with any food right away. Soon they stop salivating to the sound of the metronome. This represents the process called__________.

Stimulus generalization

After little Albert acquired a conditioned fear of rats, Watson wanted to see how he would react to a white rabbit, cotton wool, and a Santa Claus mask. He was studying whether or not_________ had occurred.

Fish food

Alan always turns the aquarium light on before putting fish food into the tank. After a while, he notices that the fish swim to the top to look for food as soon as he turns on the light. In this example, the____________ is the unconditional stimulus.

Operant

Any behavior that is voluntary is referred to as a(n)

Maturation

Changes controlled by a genetic blueprint, such as an increase in height or the size of the brain, are the examples of

Biological preparedness

Conditioned taste aversions are an example of something called

conditioned stimulus

Imagine that you flinch after seeing lightning because in previous instances the lightning is followed by thunder, which scared you. In this scenario, lightning can be interpreted as been a(n):

Attention, memory, imitation, desire

In Bandura's study of observational learning, the abbreviation AMID stands for ________.

Acquisition

In Pavlo's classic experiments, the repeated presentations of the metronome along with the food formed the ______step of the classical conditioning process.

The path of air serves as the unconditioned stimulus

In a conditioning experiment, a sound is paired with a brief puff of air to the eye of the rabbit. After several pairings, the rabbit ultimately blinks its eyes when it hears the sound. Which of the following is true?

Vicarious conditioning

It is even possible to become classically conditioned by simply watching someone else respond to a stimulus in a process called

Brain wave activity

Neurofeedback, a newer type of biofeedback, involves trying to change______.

An unconditioned response

Normally, when food is placed in the mouth of any animal, the salivary glands start releasing saliva to help with chewing and digestion. In terms of Pavlo's Analysis and learning, salivation would be referred to as

Food

Of the following,_______would serve as a primary reinforcer for most people.

Psychologist who was studying digestion

One might expect that classical conditioning was discovered by a psychologist. However, it was discovered by a

Unconditioned stimulus

Pavlo place to meet powder in the mouths of dogs, and they began to salivate. The food acted as a (an)

Cats

Skinner was to rats as Thorndike was to ___________

Insight learning

The a-ha! experience is known as__________.

Conditioned stimulus

The abbreviation CS stands for

Conditioned emotional response

The learning of phobias is a very good example of which type of classical conditioning?

Spontaneous recovery

The reappearance of a learned response after extinction has occurred is called

Stimulus generalization

The tendency to respond to a stimulus that is similar to the original conditioned stimulus is called

Involuntary:; voluntary

There are two kinds of behavior that all organisms are capable of doing. If Inez blinks her eyes because a gnat flies close to them, that's _______. But if she then swat at the gnat, that's________.

a puzzle box

Thorndike was known for his work with

A white rat

What was the conditioned stimulus (CS) in the case of Little Albert?

Even after his fear of a rat was extinguished, the fear could come back

What would you predict about little Albert based on the principle of spontaneous recovery?

Negative reinforcement

When Joe thinks about his sorely missed girlfriend, he drinks alcohol, which helps dull his feelings. This is best illustrates:

Higher - order conditioning

When a strongly conditioned CS is used to make another stimulus into a second CS, the effect is known as

Ratio

When the number of responses is important to a schedule of reinforcement, the schedule is called a__________ schedule.

Garcia

Which learning theorist is responsible for the discovery of conditioned taste of versions?

AMID

Which letters correspond to the four elements of modeling from Bandura's theory?

A gold star

Which of the following is a secondary reinforcer?

It involves the process of shaping.

Which of the following statements is true about behavior modification?

Rescorla

Which theorist proposed the cognitive perspective that explains that classical conditioning occurs because of expectancy?

Shaping

________Is an operant - conditioning procedure in which successive approximations of a desired response are reinforced.

Learning

is any relatively permanent change in behavior brought about by experience or practice