Capstone Exit Exam

b. 3.5 ml/kg/min

1 MET is equal to ______ a. 1.0 L O2/min b. 3.5 ml/kg/min c. 0.16 L O2/min d. 5 kcal/min

c. iliopsoas

Anterior pelvic tilt may be due to inflexibility in which of the following muscles? a. adductors b. hamstrings c. iliopsoas d. gluteals

c. moment arm

_____ is the perpendicular distance between a force's line of action and the axis of rotation. a. base of support b. vector c. moment arm d. momentum

a. horizontal abduction

_____ occurs when the arm is flexed to a 90 degree position in the sagittal plane and subsequent movement is away from the midline in the transverse plane a. horizontal abduction b. horizontal adduction c. left and right rotation d. pronation

b. O2

______ acts as the final acceptor of electrons at the end of the electron transport chain a. H2O b. O2 c. CO2 d. NAD e. FAD

a. stimulus control

______ entails using reminders and cues to encourage physical activity a. stimulus control b. reinforcement c. counterconditioning d. consciousness raising

False

A concentric muscle action occurs if the force (i.e., torque) a muscle produces is less than the external force against which it is acting. True / False

a. 500

A daily caloric deficit of _____ kcal is recommended to lose 1 pound of fat per week. a. 500 b. 250 c. 1000 d. 700

d. 3-5

ACSM recommends adults perform moderate and/or vigorous aerobic exercise _____ days per week to achieve and/or maintain health benefits. a. 4-6 b. 2-3 c. 3-5

a. perceived susceptibility b. perceived severity d. perceived benefits f. self-efficacy

According to the health belief model, which of the following are necessary (although not necessarily sufficient) for exercise adoption and adherence? a. perceived susceptibility b. perceived severity c. perceived autonomy d. perceived benefits e. perceived mastery f. self-efficacy

a. environmental factors d. behavioral factors e. individual factors

According to the social cognitive theory, which of the following factors interact to influence exercise behavior?a. environmental factors b. subjective norms c. decisional balance scale d. behavioral factors e. individual factors f. perceived behavioral control

a. amenable weather and geography c. thoughtful urban planning e. supportive workplace policies

According to the social ecological theory, which of the following are necessary for exercise adoption and adherence? a. amenable weather and geography b. consistent extrinsic reinforcement c. thoughtful urban planning d. stimulus control and counterconditioning e. supportive workplace policies f. high frequency of mastery experiences

b. positive attitude about exercise and its outcomes d. supportive subjective norms g. high level of perceived behavioral control

According to the theory of planned behavior, which of the following are necessary for exercise adoption and adhere? a. high level of perceived severity b. positive attitude about exercise and its outcomes c. high level of self-efficacy d. supportive subjective norms e. high level of autonomy f. consistent positive reinforcement g. high level of perceived behavioral control

b. movement

Articular cartilage is primarily dependent upon which of the following for joint nutrition/health? a. dietary protein b. movement c. glucosamine supplements d. blood

c. 82

At a wet bulb globe temperature of ____ degrees F, exercise should be modified or moved indoors a. 95 b. 104 c. 82 d. 88

a. >35 inches

At which of the following waist circumferences is disease risk substantially elevated for females? a. >35 inches b. >32 inches c. >34 inches d. >40 inches

False

Bone is avascular True/False

b. eccentric

In a(n) ______ muscle action, the skeletal muscle actively develops tension as it lengthens a. isometric b. eccentric c. isokinetic d. concentric

a. waist circumference d. BMI

In the CAD risk factors, obesity may be defined using which of the following tools? a. waist circumference b. body composition c. BIA d. BMI e. skinfold

a. peak power

In the Wingate anaerobic cycling test, _____ is based on the highest power level over a 5 second period during the test a. peak power b. mean power c. total work d. fatigue index

False

It is advantageous to elicit the stretch reflex when performing flexibility exercises to increase range of motion True/False

a. time

Lack of ______ is the most often cited barrier to exercise a. time b. motivation c. energy d. resources

c. positive punishment

Making a client with weight loss goals perform an additional 20 mins of exercise for breaking their diet is an example of which of the following motivational techniques? a. negative reinforcement b. negative punishment c. positive punishment d. positive reinforcement

c. muscle length

Muscle spindles provide information regarding which of the following? a. muscle tension b. joint angle c. muscle length d. muscle pain

c. <6

Muscular strength is preferentially developed when reps are _____ a. >12 b. 6-12 c. <6

c. intensity d. type (delivery method)

Of the standard exercise prescription parameters, variations in which have been demonstrated by research to affect adherence?a. frequency b. type (mode of exercise) c. intensity d. type (delivery method) e. time (duration)

a. negative reinforcement

Rewarding the football team with not having to run stadiums is an example of which of the following motivational techniques? a. negative reinforcement b. negative punishment c. positive punishment d. positive reinforcement

a. muscle spindles d. Golgi tendon organs

Proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation stretching manipulates the reflex responses of which proprioceptors? (Indicate all correct) a. muscle spindles b. Ruffinian endings c. Paccinian corpuscles d. Golgi tendon organs e. joint kinesthetic receptors

d. subcutaneous fat stores

Skinfolds measure which of the following? a. visceral fat stores b. skeletal muscle c. bone mineral density d. subcutaneous fat stores

False

Task self-efficacy refers to one's beliefs in their ability to perform the behavior in question in the face of common barriers True/False

b. healthy men <40 years of age who train regularly with brisk walking/running d. healthy women <50 years of age who train regularly with brisk walking/running

The 12-minute run test and 1.5 mile run test are valid indications of aerobic fitness in which of the following populations? a. older and/or sedentary persons 18-60 years b. healthy men <40 years of age who train regularly with brisk walking/running c. children ages 6-17 d. healthy women <50 years of age who train regularly with brisk walking/running

d. sarcomere

The ____ is the basic contractile unit of muscle a. motor unit b. myofilament c. myofibril d. sarcomere

c. glenoid labrum

The _____ is a rim of fibrocartilage that surrounds the glenoid fossa a. subacromial bursa b. joint capsule c. glenoid labrum d. rotator cuff

a. cerebellum

The _____ is primarily responsible for movement correction a. cerebellum b. thalamus c. diencephalon d. reticular formation

d. plasmalemma

The _____ is the excitable membrane surrounding an individual muscle fiber a. perimysium b. epimysium c. endomysium d. plasmalemma

b. there is a perceived threat of disease

The health belief model assumes people will engage in a behavior, such as exercise, when ___ a. external motivation is provided b. there is a perceived threat of disease c. internal motivation exceeds external circumstances d. optimal environmental conditions are met

a. >120 seconds

The oxidative energy system is the predominant energy system for activities lasting _____. a. >120 seconds b. 60-90 seconds c. 30-60 seconds d. 15-30 seconds

a. 31

The peripheral nervous system contains ____ pairs of spinal nerves a. 31 b. 24 c. 12 d. 43

b. autonomy c. mastery e. social connection

The self determination theory proposes that individuals will be more likely to adopt and adhere to an exercise program if which of the following are experienced? a. self-efficacy b. autonomy c. mastery d. valued outcomes e. social connection f. supportive subjective norms

d. 0.4

What is the relative strength score for a female with a body mass of 162 pounds with an estimated 1RM of 70 pounds?

a. stress

_____ is the force per unit area in a material a. stress b. pressure c. strain d. torque

b. third

Which class of lever is the most common in the human body? a. first b. third c. second

b. self-efficacy e. decisional balance f. processes of change

Which of the following are central concepts in the transtheoretical model? a. autonomy b. self-efficacy c. environmental support d. mastery e. decisional balance f. processes of change

b. interstitial c. intravascular

Which of the following are components of the extracellular fluid compartment? a. intracellular b. interstitial c. intravascular d. extravascular

a. muscular power c. muscular hypertrophy

Which of the following are not health-related components of muscular fitness? a. muscular power b. muscular endurance c. muscular hypertrophy d. muscular strength

b. anticipating high-risk situations

Which of the following are part of relapse prevention strategies? a. forming a reliable alliance b. anticipating high-risk situations c. self-monitoring d. providing social integration

a. vicarious experiences b. verbal persuasion e. mastery experiences

Which of the following can be used to increase self-efficacy? a. vicarious experiences b. verbal persuasion c. relapse prevention d. positive punishment e. mastery experiences f. self-selection

b. duration d. intensity

Which of the following factors determine which energy system makes the predominant contribution to energy production? (Indicate all correct) a. frequency b. duration c. impact d. intensity e. type (mode)

d. admitting a setback occurred and attempting to determine what triggered it

Which of the following is a recommended first step in dealing with relapse? a. reformulating SMART goals b. completing a decisional balance worksheet c. presenting positive or negative punishment to decrease likelihood event is repeated in future d. admitting a setback occurred and attempting to determine what triggered it

c. individuals are more likely to exercise if they believe exercise will result in a valued outcome

Which of the following is a true statement about concepts related to social cognitive theory? a. individuals are more likely to exercise if the multiple levels of their environment support it b. individuals are more likely to exercise if their subjective norms support it c. individuals are more likely to exercise if they believe it will result in a valued outcome d. individuals are more likely to exercise if they perceive they are susceptible to consequences of inactivity

a. More fit individuals will be able cover a greater distance in a fixed period of time than less fit individuals b. More fit individuals will be able to cover a fixed distance in a shorter period of time than less fit individuals

Which of the following is a true statement about distance run/walk assessments? a. More fit individuals will be able cover a greater distance in a fixed period of time than less fit individuals b. More fit individuals will be able to cover a fixed distance in a shorter period of time than less fit individuals c. Distance run/walk tests are considered submaximal assessments d. Distance run/walk assessments can be used to screen for abnormal cardiovascular responses during exercise

b. medial thigh

Which of the following is not a standard skinfold site? a. suprailiac b. medial thigh c. anterior thigh d. midaxillary

a. most bones of the axial skeleton are of this type

Which of the following is not a true statement about long bones? a. most bones of the axial skeleton are of this type b. the central shaft encases the medullary canal c. the diaphysis is composed of compact bone d. the epiphysis consists of spongy bone

a. 85% APHRmax

Which of the following is the common termination point for submaximal aerobic capacity assessments? a. 85% APHRmax b. 75% APHRmax c. 60% APHRmax d. 40-60% HRR

d. Newton

Which of the following is the correct SI (International System of Units) for force? a. Watt b. Joule c. kilopond d. Newton

b. a body continues in its state of rest, or uniform motion in a straight line, unless a force acts upon it

Which of the following is the correct definition of Newton's Law of Inertia? a the acceleration an object experiences is proportional to the resultant force acting on the object and is inversely proportional to the object's mass b. a body continues in its state of rest, or uniform motion in a straight line, unless a force acts upon it c. for every force there is an equal and opposite force

b. 30-60 mins/day

Which of the following is the recommended duration of moderate intensity aerobic exercise to improve cardiorespiratory fitness in most adults? a. 60-90 mins b. 30-60 mins/day c. 30-45 mins d. 10-30 mins

a. prior exercise experience

Which of the following may moderate the relationship between intensity and adherence? a. prior exercise experience b. barrier self-efficacy c. stage of change d. level of self-determination

b. systolic increases steadily, while diastolic remains essentially unchanged

Which of the following represent the normal response of systolic and diastolic blood pressure during incremental aerobic exercise? a. systolic decreases steadily, while diastolic increases steadily b. systolic increases steadily, while diastolic remains essentially unchanged c. systolic and diastolic blood pressure increase steadily to maximal intensity d. systolic increases steadily, while diastolic decreases steadily

c. principle of progressive overload

Which of the following training principles states that training parameters must be systematically increased to stimulate continued physical adaptation? a. principles of reversibiltiy b. principles of specificity c. principle of progressive overload d. principle of individuality

c. third

Which type of lever has the applied force located between the axis and the resistive force? (e.g. shovel) a. first b. second c. third

b. first

Which type of lever has the axis situated between the applied force and the resistive force? (e.g. seesaw) a. third b. first c. second

d. Wolff's Law

____ describes how the densities, shapes, and sizes of bones are function of the magnitude and direction of mechanical forces acting on the bone a. Archimedes Principle b. Frank-Starling's Law c. Hick's Principle d. Wolff's Law

d. muscular endurance

____ is the ability to remain contracted or contract repeatedly against a submaximal resistance a. muscular power b. muscular hypertrophy c. muscular strength d. muscular endurance

d. self-efficacy

____ is the central tenant of the social cognitive theory a. mastery experiences b. autonomy c. perceived behavioral control d. self-efficacy

c. circuit training

____ is the systematic arrangement of resistance exercises so little to no rest is necessary between sets a. high intensity training b. crossfit c. circuit training d. cross training

d. torque

____ refers to the rotating effect of a force a. stability b. friction c. impulse d. torque

b. external rotation

_____ describes rotary movement around the longitudinal axis of a bone away from the midline of the body a. internal rotation b. external rotation c. abduction d. circumduction

a. Frank-Starling's Law of the Heart

_____ describes the relationship between ventricular stretching and the force of ventricular contraction. a. Frank Starling's law of the heart b. fick equation c. archimede's principle d. wolff's law

a. flexion

_____ is a bending movement that results in a decrease in joint angle, usually in the sagittal plane a. flexion b. adduction c. rotation d. abduction e. extension

d. stiffness

_____ is a measure of the elasticity of a material, defined as the slope of the stress-strain graph in the elastic region. a. rigidity b. elastic limit c. pliability d. stiffness

d. balance

_____ is a person's ability to control equilibrium. a. spasticity b. posture c. stability d. balance

d. tension

_____ is a pulling (stretching) force directed axially through a body. a. shear b. compression c. torsion d. tension

c. torque

_____ is a rotary force that produces joint movement and results when skeletal muscle exerts tensile forces on bone(s) to which it is attached. a. shear b. compression c. torque d. tension

a. hypertrophy

_____ is an increase in the cross sectional area of muscle a. hypertrophy b. atrophy c. hyperplasia d. sarcopenia

d. stability

_____ is resistance to both linear and angular acceleration, or resistance to disruption of equilibrium. a. balance b. stiffness c. posture d. stability

d. muscular power

_____ is the ability to produce muscular force rapidly a. muscular strength b. muscular endurance c. muscular hypertrophy d. muscular power

c. base of support

_____ is the area of the supporting surface of an object such as between and under the feet in standing or between and under the hands in a handstand. a. moment arm b. center of pressure c. base of support d. center of mass

c. drag

_____ is the fluid force that act parallel to the relative flow of fluid past an object (e.g. force acting on a cyclist). a. turbulence b. friction c. drag d. lift