Cardiovascular

18) The following is a list of vessels and structures that are associated with the heart. What is the correct order for the flow of blood entering from the systemic circulation?

D) 5, 1, 3, 7, 8, 2, 4, 6

25) The bicuspid, or mitral, valve is located

D) between the left atrium and left ventricle.

31) The phase in the cardiac cycle when the mitral valve is closed and the aortic valve is open is the

D) ventricular ejection of ventricular systole.

52) Depolarization of the ventricles is represented on an electrocardiogram by the

QRS complex

93) The vein that is formed from the fusion of the subclavian with the internal and external jugulars is the ________ vein.

brachiocephalic

39) A slower-than-normal heart rate is called

bradycardia

97) The blood vessel that supplies venous blood to the liver is the

hepatic portal vein

99) Nutrients from the digestive tract enter the

hepatic portal vein.

98) Blood is drained from the liver by the

hepatic vein.

69) Stimulation of the aortic baroreceptors results in

increased activity by the parasympathetic nervous system.

73) Each of the following will cause an increase in blood pressure except

increased levels of ANP (atrial natriuretic peptide).

49) Each of the following factors will increase cardiac output except

increased parasympathetic stimulation.

70) Blood pressure increases with all of the following except increased

parasympathetic innervation

71) Increased levels of carbon dioxide in the blood will result in decreased

parasympathetic stimulation of the heart.

82) Blood flow through a capillary is controlled by the

precapillary sphincter.

12) Blood leaves the right ventricle by passing through the

pulmonary valve.

60) The difference between the systolic and diastolic pressures is called the ________ pressure.

pulse

83) Blood moves forward through veins because of all of the following except

pumping by the smooth muscle in the wall of the vein.

68) Each of the following will lead to a decrease in blood pressure except

release of renin

95) The ________ artery is the kidney's sole blood supply.

renal artery

14) The right ventricle pumps blood to the

right and left lungs

Blood returning to the heart from the systemic circuit first enters the

right atrium

Coronary veins empty into the

right atrium

34) What occurs at "B" on the graph?

semilunar valve closes

46) The volume of blood ejected from each ventricle during a contraction is called the

stroke volume.

90) The blood vessel that directly carries blood to the arm and shoulder is the ________.

subclavian artery

94) The vessel that receives blood from the head, neck, chest, shoulders, and arms is the

superior vena cava.

27) ________ is to contraction as ________ is to relaxation.

systole; diastole

54) Total peripheral resistance is related to all of the following except

the osmolarity of interstitial fluids.

35) The normal pacemaker of the heart is located in

the sinoatrial node

The cavity that contains the lungs, the heart, great vessels, thymus, esophagus, and trachea called the

thoracic cavity

80) Which layer of a blood vessel contains concentric sheets of smooth muscle tissue?

tunica media

78) The process of decrease in any vessel diameter that occurs due to smooth muscle contraction is called

vasoconstriction

58) Each of the following factors would increase peripheral resistance except

vasodilation

75) A decrease in blood CO2 levels would cause

vasodilation

84) Venoconstriction reduces the diameter of which vessel?

vein

62) Blood pressure is lowest in the

veins

47) The amount of blood returning to the heart is the

venous return

53) The T wave on an ECG tracing represents

ventricular repolarization

The muscle layer of the heart is the

myocardium

42) Acetylcholine slows the heart because it

opens potassium ion channels in SA node cells and causes the pacemaker potential to depolarize more slowly.

63) If a person has a blood pressure of 120/90, his mean arterial pressure would be ________ mm Hg.

100

36) The following are structural components of the conducting system of the heart. The sequence in which excitation would move through this system is which of the following?

4, 3, 2, 5, 1

79) Arrange the structures in the following list in the order that blood will encounter as it flows from the heart back to the heart in the cardiovascular circuit.

4, 7, 2, 3, 1, 5, 6

23) The ________ separate(s) the two ventricles

C) interventricular septum

24) The pulmonary semilunar valve prevents backward flow into the

E) right ventricle.

29) The first heart sound is heard when the

av valves close

77) ADH and aldosterone secretion are part of the body's long-term compensation for

a serious hemorrhage

57) In which of the following would the blood flow be highest?

a vessel 1.0 cm in diameter and 2 meters long

89) After entering the arm, the axillary artery becomes the ________ artery.

brachial

87) The common iliac artery branches off of the

abdominal aorta.

16) The right atrium receives blood from the

all of the answers are correct

22) The wall of the left ventricle is thicker than the right because

all of the answers are correct

41) Which of the following would increase heart rate?

all of the answers are correct

50) Cardiac output is increased by

all of the answers are correct

65) Materials can move across capillary walls by

all of the answers are correct

74) Chemoreceptor reflexes respond to

all of the answers are correct

76) During exercise,

all of the answers are correct

86) Branches off the aortic arch include

all of the stated vessels

72) When renin is released from the kidney,

angiotensin I is activated.

15) The left ventricle pumps blood to the

aorta

32) The ________ valve opens when left ventricular pressure exceeds aortic blood pressure.

aortic

The inferior point of the heart is called the

apex

55) The main control of peripheral resistance by the vasomotor centers occurs in the

arteriole

64) Blood flow to a tissue will increase if the

arterioles dilate

59) Where is blood pressure highest?

artery

28) The contraction phase of the upper chambers of the heart is called

atrial systole

67) ________ is the regulation of blood flow by local mechanisms within a capillary bed.

autoregulation

The superior portion of the heart where major blood vessels enter and exit is the

base

43) Activation of which kind of receptor causes heart rate to increase?

beta-one receptor

26) The ________ valve prevents backward flow into the left atrium

bicuspid

33) What occurs at the area labeled "D" on the graph?

both AV valve opens and diastolic refilling begins

37) If the pacemaker cells in the SA node become more permeable to potassium ions,

both heart rate will decrease and membrane will hyperpolarize.

40) The heart is innervated by ________ nerves.

both parasympathetic and sympathetic

38) The long plateau phase of the cardiac muscle action potential is due to

calcium channels remaining open.

Most of the middle layer in the heart wall is composed of

cardiac muscle cells

13) The cusps (leaflets) of atrioventricular valves attach directly to

chordae tendineae

30) The first heart sound ("lubb") is associated with

closing of the mitral valve

17) The function of the atrium is to

collect blood and pump blood to the ventricle.

81) Capillaries that have a complete lining are called

continuous capillaries.

The great and middle cardiac veins drain blood into the

coronary sinus

48) Drugs known as calcium channel blockers such as nifedipine can be used to

decrease the force of cardiac contraction.

56) Which of the following would have the greater effect on vascular resistance?

decreasing the diameter of a blood vessel by 1/2

51) The P wave of the electrocardiogram is a signal from

depolarization of the atria.

61) If blood pressure doubled, the blood flow through a vessel would be

doubled

45) The ________ is the volume of blood in a ventricle at the beginning of systole.

end-diastolic volume

The ________ lines the chambers of the heart, covers the heart valves, and is continuous with the endothelium.

endocardium

66) The hormone that produces cardiovascular effects similar to activation of the sympathetic nervous system is

epinephrine

100) The external iliac artery becomes the ________ artery as it enters the lower limbs.

femoral

88) The superior vena cava collect blood from the

head, chest, and upper limbs.

20) The pulmonary veins carry blood to the

heart

96) The lower part of the large intestine including the rectum receives blood from the ________ artery.

inferior mesenteric

21) The foramen ovale in the fetal heart is located in the

interatrial septum .

92) An important artery that supplies blood to the brain is the ________ artery.

internal carotid

91) Blood from the brain returns to the heart through the ________ vein.

internal jugular

11) Blood returning to the heart from the pulmonary circuit first enters the

left atrium

85) Pulmonary arteries carry blood to the

lungs

19) The pulmonary arteries carry blood to the

lungs.

The coronary sulcus is a groove that

marks the border between the atria and ventricles

44) Heart rate is controlled by neurons of the cardiovascular center located in the

medulla oblongata.