Cardiovascular
18) The following is a list of vessels and structures that are associated with the heart. What is the correct order for the flow of blood entering from the systemic circulation?
D) 5, 1, 3, 7, 8, 2, 4, 6
25) The bicuspid, or mitral, valve is located
D) between the left atrium and left ventricle.
31) The phase in the cardiac cycle when the mitral valve is closed and the aortic valve is open is the
D) ventricular ejection of ventricular systole.
52) Depolarization of the ventricles is represented on an electrocardiogram by the
QRS complex
93) The vein that is formed from the fusion of the subclavian with the internal and external jugulars is the ________ vein.
brachiocephalic
39) A slower-than-normal heart rate is called
bradycardia
97) The blood vessel that supplies venous blood to the liver is the
hepatic portal vein
99) Nutrients from the digestive tract enter the
hepatic portal vein.
98) Blood is drained from the liver by the
hepatic vein.
69) Stimulation of the aortic baroreceptors results in
increased activity by the parasympathetic nervous system.
73) Each of the following will cause an increase in blood pressure except
increased levels of ANP (atrial natriuretic peptide).
49) Each of the following factors will increase cardiac output except
increased parasympathetic stimulation.
70) Blood pressure increases with all of the following except increased
parasympathetic innervation
71) Increased levels of carbon dioxide in the blood will result in decreased
parasympathetic stimulation of the heart.
82) Blood flow through a capillary is controlled by the
precapillary sphincter.
12) Blood leaves the right ventricle by passing through the
pulmonary valve.
60) The difference between the systolic and diastolic pressures is called the ________ pressure.
pulse
83) Blood moves forward through veins because of all of the following except
pumping by the smooth muscle in the wall of the vein.
68) Each of the following will lead to a decrease in blood pressure except
release of renin
95) The ________ artery is the kidney's sole blood supply.
renal artery
14) The right ventricle pumps blood to the
right and left lungs
Blood returning to the heart from the systemic circuit first enters the
right atrium
Coronary veins empty into the
right atrium
34) What occurs at "B" on the graph?
semilunar valve closes
46) The volume of blood ejected from each ventricle during a contraction is called the
stroke volume.
90) The blood vessel that directly carries blood to the arm and shoulder is the ________.
subclavian artery
94) The vessel that receives blood from the head, neck, chest, shoulders, and arms is the
superior vena cava.
27) ________ is to contraction as ________ is to relaxation.
systole; diastole
54) Total peripheral resistance is related to all of the following except
the osmolarity of interstitial fluids.
35) The normal pacemaker of the heart is located in
the sinoatrial node
The cavity that contains the lungs, the heart, great vessels, thymus, esophagus, and trachea called the
thoracic cavity
80) Which layer of a blood vessel contains concentric sheets of smooth muscle tissue?
tunica media
78) The process of decrease in any vessel diameter that occurs due to smooth muscle contraction is called
vasoconstriction
58) Each of the following factors would increase peripheral resistance except
vasodilation
75) A decrease in blood CO2 levels would cause
vasodilation
84) Venoconstriction reduces the diameter of which vessel?
vein
62) Blood pressure is lowest in the
veins
47) The amount of blood returning to the heart is the
venous return
53) The T wave on an ECG tracing represents
ventricular repolarization
The muscle layer of the heart is the
myocardium
42) Acetylcholine slows the heart because it
opens potassium ion channels in SA node cells and causes the pacemaker potential to depolarize more slowly.
63) If a person has a blood pressure of 120/90, his mean arterial pressure would be ________ mm Hg.
100
36) The following are structural components of the conducting system of the heart. The sequence in which excitation would move through this system is which of the following?
4, 3, 2, 5, 1
79) Arrange the structures in the following list in the order that blood will encounter as it flows from the heart back to the heart in the cardiovascular circuit.
4, 7, 2, 3, 1, 5, 6
23) The ________ separate(s) the two ventricles
C) interventricular septum
24) The pulmonary semilunar valve prevents backward flow into the
E) right ventricle.
29) The first heart sound is heard when the
av valves close
77) ADH and aldosterone secretion are part of the body's long-term compensation for
a serious hemorrhage
57) In which of the following would the blood flow be highest?
a vessel 1.0 cm in diameter and 2 meters long
89) After entering the arm, the axillary artery becomes the ________ artery.
brachial
87) The common iliac artery branches off of the
abdominal aorta.
16) The right atrium receives blood from the
all of the answers are correct
22) The wall of the left ventricle is thicker than the right because
all of the answers are correct
41) Which of the following would increase heart rate?
all of the answers are correct
50) Cardiac output is increased by
all of the answers are correct
65) Materials can move across capillary walls by
all of the answers are correct
74) Chemoreceptor reflexes respond to
all of the answers are correct
76) During exercise,
all of the answers are correct
86) Branches off the aortic arch include
all of the stated vessels
72) When renin is released from the kidney,
angiotensin I is activated.
15) The left ventricle pumps blood to the
aorta
32) The ________ valve opens when left ventricular pressure exceeds aortic blood pressure.
aortic
The inferior point of the heart is called the
apex
55) The main control of peripheral resistance by the vasomotor centers occurs in the
arteriole
64) Blood flow to a tissue will increase if the
arterioles dilate
59) Where is blood pressure highest?
artery
28) The contraction phase of the upper chambers of the heart is called
atrial systole
67) ________ is the regulation of blood flow by local mechanisms within a capillary bed.
autoregulation
The superior portion of the heart where major blood vessels enter and exit is the
base
43) Activation of which kind of receptor causes heart rate to increase?
beta-one receptor
26) The ________ valve prevents backward flow into the left atrium
bicuspid
33) What occurs at the area labeled "D" on the graph?
both AV valve opens and diastolic refilling begins
37) If the pacemaker cells in the SA node become more permeable to potassium ions,
both heart rate will decrease and membrane will hyperpolarize.
40) The heart is innervated by ________ nerves.
both parasympathetic and sympathetic
38) The long plateau phase of the cardiac muscle action potential is due to
calcium channels remaining open.
Most of the middle layer in the heart wall is composed of
cardiac muscle cells
13) The cusps (leaflets) of atrioventricular valves attach directly to
chordae tendineae
30) The first heart sound ("lubb") is associated with
closing of the mitral valve
17) The function of the atrium is to
collect blood and pump blood to the ventricle.
81) Capillaries that have a complete lining are called
continuous capillaries.
The great and middle cardiac veins drain blood into the
coronary sinus
48) Drugs known as calcium channel blockers such as nifedipine can be used to
decrease the force of cardiac contraction.
56) Which of the following would have the greater effect on vascular resistance?
decreasing the diameter of a blood vessel by 1/2
51) The P wave of the electrocardiogram is a signal from
depolarization of the atria.
61) If blood pressure doubled, the blood flow through a vessel would be
doubled
45) The ________ is the volume of blood in a ventricle at the beginning of systole.
end-diastolic volume
The ________ lines the chambers of the heart, covers the heart valves, and is continuous with the endothelium.
endocardium
66) The hormone that produces cardiovascular effects similar to activation of the sympathetic nervous system is
epinephrine
100) The external iliac artery becomes the ________ artery as it enters the lower limbs.
femoral
88) The superior vena cava collect blood from the
head, chest, and upper limbs.
20) The pulmonary veins carry blood to the
heart
96) The lower part of the large intestine including the rectum receives blood from the ________ artery.
inferior mesenteric
21) The foramen ovale in the fetal heart is located in the
interatrial septum .
92) An important artery that supplies blood to the brain is the ________ artery.
internal carotid
91) Blood from the brain returns to the heart through the ________ vein.
internal jugular
11) Blood returning to the heart from the pulmonary circuit first enters the
left atrium
85) Pulmonary arteries carry blood to the
lungs
19) The pulmonary arteries carry blood to the
lungs.
The coronary sulcus is a groove that
marks the border between the atria and ventricles
44) Heart rate is controlled by neurons of the cardiovascular center located in the
medulla oblongata.