Cardiovascular System - ALL

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What are the 2 systems that act to regulate the heart activity?

1. Autonomic Nervous System 2. Intrinsic Factor

What are the 3 layers of the heart wall?

1. Epicardium 2. Myocardium 3. Endocardium

How many flaps does the bicuspid valve have?

2

How many flaps does the tricuspid valve have?

3

How many leaflets do the semilunar valves have?

3

How many hollow chambers does the heart has?

4

How many valves are contained within the heart?

4

On average, how many times does the heart beat per minute?

75

septum (s) ; septa (p)

A thin wall dividing two cavities or masses of softer tissue

platelets;

AKA thrombocytes; An irregularly shaped, disclike cytoplasmic fragment of a megakaryocyte that is shed in the marrow sinus and subsequently found in the peripheral blood, where it functions in clotting. A platelet contains granules in its central part (granulomere) and, peripherally, clear protoplasm (hyalomere), but no nucleus, is about one third to one half the size of an erythrocyte, and contains no hemoglobin.

What is the purpose of the valves?

Allows blood to flow in only one direction through the heart chambers (from the atria through the ventricles)

Where is the AV node located?

At the junction of the atria and the ventricles

Endocarditis

Bacterial infection of endocardium (Enlarges Heart)

Where are the Atrioventricula Valves (AV) located?

Between the atrial and the ventricular chambers on each side.

What is the left AV node called?

Bicuspid or mitral valve

Ventricles

Bottom chambers that send out blood

Coronary Arteries

Branch from the base of the aorta and encircle the heart

Pulmonary Arteries

Carry blood to the lungs where oxygen is picked up and carbon dioxide is unloaded. (Takes blood to the lungs)

Interatrial or intraventricular septum

Divides the heart longitudinally

Pericardium

Double-walled sac that the heart sits in and contains serous fluid between the layers to prevent friction

When are the semilunar valves closed?

During heart relaxation

When do the AV valves open?

During heart relaxation

Myocardial Infacrtion

Heart Attack, heart cells die because of prolonges oxygen deprivation

Pericarditis

Inflammation of the pericardium that results in the decrease in the serous fluid

How much blood does the heart pump in one day?

It pushed the body's supply of 6 quarts of blood (6 liters) through the blood vessels over 1000 times, meaning it actually pumps about 6000 quarts of blood in a single day.

About how much does the heart weigh and what is it's size?

Less than a pound and the size of a fist

Atria

Receiving chambers, blood comes into the heart

Where is the SA node located?

Right Atrium

Semilunar valves

Set of valves that guards the bases of the 2 large arteries leaving the ventricular chambers

Intrinsic Conduction System

Sets the basic rhythm

Mediastinum

Space between the lungs where the heart lies

Purkinje Fibers

Spread within the muscle of the ventricle walls

Where are the atria located?

Superior

Which side of the heart receives oxygen-poor blood from the veins?

The Right Side

Apex

The pointed end of the heart that rests on the diaphragm (it is directed toward the left hip)

Superior and Inferior Venae Cavae

The veins that bring in blood from the upper and lower parts of the body to the heart

Why are the walls of the atria thicker?

They carry high pressure

What do the AV nodes do?

They prevent backflow into the atria when the ventricles contract

Base

Top part of the heart that is broad

What is the function of the cardiovascular system?

Transportation

What is the right AV node called?

Tricuspid Valve

Pulmonary Vein

Vein that brings blood back from the lungs to the heart

Angina Pectoris

When the myocardium is deprived of oxygen and results in a crushing chest pain.

Valvular Stenosis

When the valve flaps become stiff

cardiac cycle

a complete round of systole and diastole

neutrophil

a mature white blood cell normally constituting more than half of the total number of leukocytes

troponin

a protein that is released into the bloodstream when a heart attack occurs

monocyte

a relatively large white blood cell

phagocyte

a white blood cell capable of ingesting bacteria and other foreign matter

eosinophil

a white blood cell that stains with certain dyes

basophil

a white blood cell with granules that stain with basic dyes

venous

adjectival from of vein

vascular

adjective form of vessel

pericardial sac

another lining of the pericardium closest to the heartpu

bicuspid or mitral valve

connects the left atrium to the left ventricle

mitral or bicuspid valve

connects the left atrium to the left ventricle

aortic valve

connects the left ventricle to the aorta

systole

contraction phase of the heart

atrioventricular node

fibers located at the based o the right atrium near the ventricle that carry electrical stimulation to the bundle

Purkinje fibers

fibers that carry stimulation throughout the ventricles

white blood cells

formed element in the blood that protects the body against harmful bacteria

sinoatrial node

known as the "pacemaker" of the heart electrical impulse originates here

inferior vena cava

large vein that collects blood from the smaller veins of the lower body

superior vena cava

large vein that collects blood from the smaller veins of the upper body

bundle of His

located at the top of the interventricular septum; carries electrical impulses from the atrioventricular node to Purkinje fibers

left ventricle

lower left heart chamber

right ventricle

lower right heart chamber

ventricle

lower two of the four heart chambers, composed of the right ventricle and left ventricle

vasoconstriction

narrowing of the blood vessels

sinus rhythm

normal rhythm of the heartbeat

erythrocytes

red blood cells; abbreviated RBC

diastole

relaxation phase of the heart

pulse

rhythmic expansion and contraction of an artery produced by pressure of the blood moving through the artey

pericardium

serous membrane lining the pericardial cavity

venules

small veins

Rh factor

the antigen of the Rh blood group system

veins

the blood vessels that return blood from the tissues to the heart

myocardium

the heart muscle, which includes nerves and blood vessels

endocardium

the inner surface of the heart

Aorta

the largest artery in the body that sends out oxygenated blood to the body

arteries

the largest of the blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart

Aorta

the main trunk of the systemic arterial system

heart rate

the number of times per minute the heart contracts

epicardium

the outer covering of the heart

Sinoatrial (SA) Node is also known as...

the pacemaker of the heart

hemoglobin

the protein that gives blood its red color; abbreviated Hb

plasma

the proteinaceous fluid portion of the circulating blood, as distinguished from the serum obtained after coagulation

arterioles

the smallest arteries that connect with the capillaries

capillaries

the smallest of the blood vessesl

Left Aortic

three half-moon shaped cusps (flaps)

Right Pulmonic

three half-moon shaped cusps (flaps)

left atrium

upper left heart chamber

right atrium

upper right heart chamber

atria

upper two of the four heart chambers, composed of the right atrium and left atrium

tricuspid valve

valve connecting the right atrium to the right ventricle

pulmonary valve

valve connecting the right ventricle and lungs

pulmonary artery

vessel that carries deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle to the lungs

pulmonary veins

vessels that carry oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium

leukocytes

white blood cells; abbreviated WBC

vasodilation

widening of the blood vessels


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