Cardiovascular System - ALL
What are the 2 systems that act to regulate the heart activity?
1. Autonomic Nervous System 2. Intrinsic Factor
What are the 3 layers of the heart wall?
1. Epicardium 2. Myocardium 3. Endocardium
How many flaps does the bicuspid valve have?
2
How many flaps does the tricuspid valve have?
3
How many leaflets do the semilunar valves have?
3
How many hollow chambers does the heart has?
4
How many valves are contained within the heart?
4
On average, how many times does the heart beat per minute?
75
septum (s) ; septa (p)
A thin wall dividing two cavities or masses of softer tissue
platelets;
AKA thrombocytes; An irregularly shaped, disclike cytoplasmic fragment of a megakaryocyte that is shed in the marrow sinus and subsequently found in the peripheral blood, where it functions in clotting. A platelet contains granules in its central part (granulomere) and, peripherally, clear protoplasm (hyalomere), but no nucleus, is about one third to one half the size of an erythrocyte, and contains no hemoglobin.
What is the purpose of the valves?
Allows blood to flow in only one direction through the heart chambers (from the atria through the ventricles)
Where is the AV node located?
At the junction of the atria and the ventricles
Endocarditis
Bacterial infection of endocardium (Enlarges Heart)
Where are the Atrioventricula Valves (AV) located?
Between the atrial and the ventricular chambers on each side.
What is the left AV node called?
Bicuspid or mitral valve
Ventricles
Bottom chambers that send out blood
Coronary Arteries
Branch from the base of the aorta and encircle the heart
Pulmonary Arteries
Carry blood to the lungs where oxygen is picked up and carbon dioxide is unloaded. (Takes blood to the lungs)
Interatrial or intraventricular septum
Divides the heart longitudinally
Pericardium
Double-walled sac that the heart sits in and contains serous fluid between the layers to prevent friction
When are the semilunar valves closed?
During heart relaxation
When do the AV valves open?
During heart relaxation
Myocardial Infacrtion
Heart Attack, heart cells die because of prolonges oxygen deprivation
Pericarditis
Inflammation of the pericardium that results in the decrease in the serous fluid
How much blood does the heart pump in one day?
It pushed the body's supply of 6 quarts of blood (6 liters) through the blood vessels over 1000 times, meaning it actually pumps about 6000 quarts of blood in a single day.
About how much does the heart weigh and what is it's size?
Less than a pound and the size of a fist
Atria
Receiving chambers, blood comes into the heart
Where is the SA node located?
Right Atrium
Semilunar valves
Set of valves that guards the bases of the 2 large arteries leaving the ventricular chambers
Intrinsic Conduction System
Sets the basic rhythm
Mediastinum
Space between the lungs where the heart lies
Purkinje Fibers
Spread within the muscle of the ventricle walls
Where are the atria located?
Superior
Which side of the heart receives oxygen-poor blood from the veins?
The Right Side
Apex
The pointed end of the heart that rests on the diaphragm (it is directed toward the left hip)
Superior and Inferior Venae Cavae
The veins that bring in blood from the upper and lower parts of the body to the heart
Why are the walls of the atria thicker?
They carry high pressure
What do the AV nodes do?
They prevent backflow into the atria when the ventricles contract
Base
Top part of the heart that is broad
What is the function of the cardiovascular system?
Transportation
What is the right AV node called?
Tricuspid Valve
Pulmonary Vein
Vein that brings blood back from the lungs to the heart
Angina Pectoris
When the myocardium is deprived of oxygen and results in a crushing chest pain.
Valvular Stenosis
When the valve flaps become stiff
cardiac cycle
a complete round of systole and diastole
neutrophil
a mature white blood cell normally constituting more than half of the total number of leukocytes
troponin
a protein that is released into the bloodstream when a heart attack occurs
monocyte
a relatively large white blood cell
phagocyte
a white blood cell capable of ingesting bacteria and other foreign matter
eosinophil
a white blood cell that stains with certain dyes
basophil
a white blood cell with granules that stain with basic dyes
venous
adjectival from of vein
vascular
adjective form of vessel
pericardial sac
another lining of the pericardium closest to the heartpu
bicuspid or mitral valve
connects the left atrium to the left ventricle
mitral or bicuspid valve
connects the left atrium to the left ventricle
aortic valve
connects the left ventricle to the aorta
systole
contraction phase of the heart
atrioventricular node
fibers located at the based o the right atrium near the ventricle that carry electrical stimulation to the bundle
Purkinje fibers
fibers that carry stimulation throughout the ventricles
white blood cells
formed element in the blood that protects the body against harmful bacteria
sinoatrial node
known as the "pacemaker" of the heart electrical impulse originates here
inferior vena cava
large vein that collects blood from the smaller veins of the lower body
superior vena cava
large vein that collects blood from the smaller veins of the upper body
bundle of His
located at the top of the interventricular septum; carries electrical impulses from the atrioventricular node to Purkinje fibers
left ventricle
lower left heart chamber
right ventricle
lower right heart chamber
ventricle
lower two of the four heart chambers, composed of the right ventricle and left ventricle
vasoconstriction
narrowing of the blood vessels
sinus rhythm
normal rhythm of the heartbeat
erythrocytes
red blood cells; abbreviated RBC
diastole
relaxation phase of the heart
pulse
rhythmic expansion and contraction of an artery produced by pressure of the blood moving through the artey
pericardium
serous membrane lining the pericardial cavity
venules
small veins
Rh factor
the antigen of the Rh blood group system
veins
the blood vessels that return blood from the tissues to the heart
myocardium
the heart muscle, which includes nerves and blood vessels
endocardium
the inner surface of the heart
Aorta
the largest artery in the body that sends out oxygenated blood to the body
arteries
the largest of the blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart
Aorta
the main trunk of the systemic arterial system
heart rate
the number of times per minute the heart contracts
epicardium
the outer covering of the heart
Sinoatrial (SA) Node is also known as...
the pacemaker of the heart
hemoglobin
the protein that gives blood its red color; abbreviated Hb
plasma
the proteinaceous fluid portion of the circulating blood, as distinguished from the serum obtained after coagulation
arterioles
the smallest arteries that connect with the capillaries
capillaries
the smallest of the blood vessesl
Left Aortic
three half-moon shaped cusps (flaps)
Right Pulmonic
three half-moon shaped cusps (flaps)
left atrium
upper left heart chamber
right atrium
upper right heart chamber
atria
upper two of the four heart chambers, composed of the right atrium and left atrium
tricuspid valve
valve connecting the right atrium to the right ventricle
pulmonary valve
valve connecting the right ventricle and lungs
pulmonary artery
vessel that carries deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle to the lungs
pulmonary veins
vessels that carry oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium
leukocytes
white blood cells; abbreviated WBC
vasodilation
widening of the blood vessels
