Cardiovascular system unit
composition of blood
plasma and formed elements, fluid part is the plasma, different types of cells make up the formed elements
Agranular leukocytes
protein particles still surround nuclei, not as obvious as granular white blood cells, particles contain enzymes that act as natural antibodies that help to kill bacteria and viruses
Arterioles
carry blood from arteries to capillaries, smaller branches of arteries
The right and left ___ contract at the same time, forcing blood into the ___ ventricles
Atria, relaxed
Agranular leukocytes include
B lymphocytes, T lymphocytes, monocytes
Within cardiac muscle tissue are specialized fibers that make up the
Cardiac conduction system
Neutrophils
First to respond to infection, phagocytize (eat) bacteria and cellular debris
Term means inflammation of a vein
Phlebitis
Heartbeat sounds like
lubb-dupp
The AV node passes the impulse to the fibers located in the septum called the
AV Bundle/ Bundle of His
Heart murmur
Abnormal heart sound due to the cusps of the heart valves not closing complete
Plasma proteins include
Albumin, fibrinogen, immunglobin
An area of a localized widening of a blood vessel, bubble in a blood vessel
Aneurysm
The medical term for chest pain or discomfort, the pain may begin slowly but feel like tightness or heavy pressure
Angina pectoris
Purkinje fibers
Are the fibers that deliver the impulse causing the ventricles to contract
A condition where arterial walls thicken, arteries may become clogged with fatty deposits, leading to restriction of blood flow
Atherosclerosis
The atria (___) while the ventricles relax (___)
Atrial systole, ventricular diastole
After the SA node's initiate the contraction of the right and left atria, the electrical impulse passes to the
Atrioventricular, AV node
Medical term referring to the weakening of the heart muscle
Cardiomyopathy
Venules
Carry deoxygenated blood from capillaries to the vein, smaller branch of vein
Veins
Carry deoxygenated blood from venules to heart
Arteries
Carry oxygenated blood away from the heart
A disease that describes various problems with a heart structure and function due to abnormal heart development before birth
Congenital heart disease
General characteristics of cardiovascular system
Consist of heart and blood vessels, provides oxygen and nutrients to tissue and removes waste, made up of the pulmonary circuit and systemic circuit
T lymphocytes (T cells)
Destroys cells that contain foreign materials(antigens)
The heart generates
Electrical impulses
The medical term for a heart attack
myocardial infarction
Monocytes
Engulf disease causing microbes and spur other white blood cells into action
Wall of heart layers include
Epicardium, myocardium, endocardium
Characteristics of red blood cells
Erythrocytes, no nuclei, carry hemoglobin(allows red blood cells carry oxygen), made in red bone marrow, four month lifespan(Dead red blood cells destroyed in liver and spleen)
B lymphocytes (B cells)
Form antibodies that fight infection
Granular leukocytes
Have tiny protein particles that are prominently surrounded nuclei
Tachycardia
Heart is beating too fast(cardiac cycle takes less time)
Bradycardia
Heart is beating too slow(cardiac cycle takes more time)
The cardiac conduction system is responsible for generating the
Heartbeat
Presence of high blood levels of a waxy, fat like substance
High cholesterol
General structure of the heart
Hollow, layer of muscular tissue with a protective membrane that folds in it two layers(pericardium), lies within thoracic cavity, about the size of a fist
Eosinophils
Increase during allergic reactions and parasitic infections
Endocardium
Inner, contains blood vessels and a specialized cardiac muscle fibers, Purkinje fibers
Characteristics of white blood cells
Leukocytes, fewer white blood cells than red blood cells, white blood cells are larger than red blood cells, have nuclei, functions as part of the immune system to destroy microbes
Composition of plasma
Mainly water, 7% plasma proteins, 2% other (Salt, oxygen, carbon dioxide, nutrients, urea, regulatory substances)
Myocardium
Middle, made up of cardiac muscle tissues that pumps blood
Occurs when the bicuspid valve that separates the upper and lower chambers of the heart does not close properly
Mitral valve prolapse
Lubb
Occurs during ventricular contraction, AV valves closing
Dupp
Occurs during ventricular relaxations, when the pulmonary and aortic valves are closing
Epicardium
Outer, protects heart by reducing friction as heartbeats
Pulmonary circulation
Path of blood from heart to lungs and back to heart, send deoxygenated blood to lungs to pick up oxygen and unload carbon dioxide
Systemic circulation
Path of blood from heart to the rest of the body and back to the heart, sends oxygenated blood to all body cells and removes waste
An inflammation of the fibrous sac that surrounds
Pericarditis
Granular leukocytes include
neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils
During a cardiac cycle ___ within the heart chambers rises and falls, these changes cause the ___ to open and close
Pressure, valves
Blockage of an artery of a lung or one of the branches of the lung, blockage occurs by a substance that has traveled from somewhere else in the body
Pulmonary embolism
The AV bundle branches twice: One branch goes to the right and one to the left, at the end of the branches are
Purkinje fibers
Different types of cells that make up the formed elements
Red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets
The right and left atria ___, and the ventricles ___, forcing blood into the ___
Relax, contract, aorta
Inflammatory disease that develops after a strep infection and can affect the heart, joints, skin, and brain
Rheumatic fever
AV node- located in the ___ near the ___ that divides the right and left atria from the ventricles
Right atrium, septum
Basophils
Seep out of tissues at site of injury, release histamine to dilate blood vessels(allow oxygen and nutrients to get to the injured area)
Sinoatrial- SA node/ pacemaker
Sends the impulse/initiates the cardiac cycle, largest mass of specialized cardiac muscle fibers in the wall of the right atrium
Capillaries
Smallest blood vessels, gas exchange
A condition that occurs when a blood vessel in the brain bursts or is blocked, also known as a cerebrovascular accident
Stroke
A condition where a person has stroke like symptoms for less than 24 hours, usually less then 1 to 2 hours, also referred to as a mini stroke
TIA
Characteristics of platelets
Thrombocytes, tiny pieces of cells, begin clotting process (plug up injured blood vessels)
A condition where valves in the veins fail to work properly, can lead to painful, swollen and twisted veins
Varicose veins
The ventricles contract (___) while the atria relax (___)
Ventricular systole, atrial diastole
Heart sounds are due to the
Vibrations produced when the valves close