Cardiovascular system unit

composition of blood

plasma and formed elements, fluid part is the plasma, different types of cells make up the formed elements

Agranular leukocytes

protein particles still surround nuclei, not as obvious as granular white blood cells, particles contain enzymes that act as natural antibodies that help to kill bacteria and viruses

Arterioles

carry blood from arteries to capillaries, smaller branches of arteries

The right and left ___ contract at the same time, forcing blood into the ___ ventricles

Atria, relaxed

Agranular leukocytes include

B lymphocytes, T lymphocytes, monocytes

Within cardiac muscle tissue are specialized fibers that make up the

Cardiac conduction system

Neutrophils

First to respond to infection, phagocytize (eat) bacteria and cellular debris

Term means inflammation of a vein

Phlebitis

Heartbeat sounds like

lubb-dupp

The AV node passes the impulse to the fibers located in the septum called the

AV Bundle/ Bundle of His

Heart murmur

Abnormal heart sound due to the cusps of the heart valves not closing complete

Plasma proteins include

Albumin, fibrinogen, immunglobin

An area of a localized widening of a blood vessel, bubble in a blood vessel

Aneurysm

The medical term for chest pain or discomfort, the pain may begin slowly but feel like tightness or heavy pressure

Angina pectoris

Purkinje fibers

Are the fibers that deliver the impulse causing the ventricles to contract

A condition where arterial walls thicken, arteries may become clogged with fatty deposits, leading to restriction of blood flow

Atherosclerosis

The atria (___) while the ventricles relax (___)

Atrial systole, ventricular diastole

After the SA node's initiate the contraction of the right and left atria, the electrical impulse passes to the

Atrioventricular, AV node

Medical term referring to the weakening of the heart muscle

Cardiomyopathy

Venules

Carry deoxygenated blood from capillaries to the vein, smaller branch of vein

Veins

Carry deoxygenated blood from venules to heart

Arteries

Carry oxygenated blood away from the heart

A disease that describes various problems with a heart structure and function due to abnormal heart development before birth

Congenital heart disease

General characteristics of cardiovascular system

Consist of heart and blood vessels, provides oxygen and nutrients to tissue and removes waste, made up of the pulmonary circuit and systemic circuit

T lymphocytes (T cells)

Destroys cells that contain foreign materials(antigens)

The heart generates

Electrical impulses

The medical term for a heart attack

myocardial infarction

Monocytes

Engulf disease causing microbes and spur other white blood cells into action

Wall of heart layers include

Epicardium, myocardium, endocardium

Characteristics of red blood cells

Erythrocytes, no nuclei, carry hemoglobin(allows red blood cells carry oxygen), made in red bone marrow, four month lifespan(Dead red blood cells destroyed in liver and spleen)

B lymphocytes (B cells)

Form antibodies that fight infection

Granular leukocytes

Have tiny protein particles that are prominently surrounded nuclei

Tachycardia

Heart is beating too fast(cardiac cycle takes less time)

Bradycardia

Heart is beating too slow(cardiac cycle takes more time)

The cardiac conduction system is responsible for generating the

Heartbeat

Presence of high blood levels of a waxy, fat like substance

High cholesterol

General structure of the heart

Hollow, layer of muscular tissue with a protective membrane that folds in it two layers(pericardium), lies within thoracic cavity, about the size of a fist

Eosinophils

Increase during allergic reactions and parasitic infections

Endocardium

Inner, contains blood vessels and a specialized cardiac muscle fibers, Purkinje fibers

Characteristics of white blood cells

Leukocytes, fewer white blood cells than red blood cells, white blood cells are larger than red blood cells, have nuclei, functions as part of the immune system to destroy microbes

Composition of plasma

Mainly water, 7% plasma proteins, 2% other (Salt, oxygen, carbon dioxide, nutrients, urea, regulatory substances)

Myocardium

Middle, made up of cardiac muscle tissues that pumps blood

Occurs when the bicuspid valve that separates the upper and lower chambers of the heart does not close properly

Mitral valve prolapse

Lubb

Occurs during ventricular contraction, AV valves closing

Dupp

Occurs during ventricular relaxations, when the pulmonary and aortic valves are closing

Epicardium

Outer, protects heart by reducing friction as heartbeats

Pulmonary circulation

Path of blood from heart to lungs and back to heart, send deoxygenated blood to lungs to pick up oxygen and unload carbon dioxide

Systemic circulation

Path of blood from heart to the rest of the body and back to the heart, sends oxygenated blood to all body cells and removes waste

An inflammation of the fibrous sac that surrounds

Pericarditis

Granular leukocytes include

neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils

During a cardiac cycle ___ within the heart chambers rises and falls, these changes cause the ___ to open and close

Pressure, valves

Blockage of an artery of a lung or one of the branches of the lung, blockage occurs by a substance that has traveled from somewhere else in the body

Pulmonary embolism

The AV bundle branches twice: One branch goes to the right and one to the left, at the end of the branches are

Purkinje fibers

Different types of cells that make up the formed elements

Red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets

The right and left atria ___, and the ventricles ___, forcing blood into the ___

Relax, contract, aorta

Inflammatory disease that develops after a strep infection and can affect the heart, joints, skin, and brain

Rheumatic fever

AV node- located in the ___ near the ___ that divides the right and left atria from the ventricles

Right atrium, septum

Basophils

Seep out of tissues at site of injury, release histamine to dilate blood vessels(allow oxygen and nutrients to get to the injured area)

Sinoatrial- SA node/ pacemaker

Sends the impulse/initiates the cardiac cycle, largest mass of specialized cardiac muscle fibers in the wall of the right atrium

Capillaries

Smallest blood vessels, gas exchange

A condition that occurs when a blood vessel in the brain bursts or is blocked, also known as a cerebrovascular accident

Stroke

A condition where a person has stroke like symptoms for less than 24 hours, usually less then 1 to 2 hours, also referred to as a mini stroke

TIA

Characteristics of platelets

Thrombocytes, tiny pieces of cells, begin clotting process (plug up injured blood vessels)

A condition where valves in the veins fail to work properly, can lead to painful, swollen and twisted veins

Varicose veins

The ventricles contract (___) while the atria relax (___)

Ventricular systole, atrial diastole

Heart sounds are due to the

Vibrations produced when the valves close