carswell__ch 07__files and file attributes

chmod octal format o - g - ao 0 = owner g = group ao = all others

octal___read___write___execute 7___r___w___x 6___r___w___- 5___r___-___x 4___r___-___- 3___-___w___x 2___-___w___- 1___-___-___x 0___-___-___-

file

A basic unit of storage that enables a computer to distinguish one set of information from another.

metacharacter

A character embedded in a program source or a data stream that conveys information about other characters rather than itself.

regular expression

A combination of symbols, identifiers, values, and operators that yields a result upon evaluation.

xargs

A command often piped with the find command to construct an argument list using standard input from the find command.

TYPE

A Windows 7 command used to display the text contained in files.

system

A Windows 7 file attribute that indicates a file belongs to the operating system.

read-only

A Windows 7 file attribute that indicates a file cannot be modified.

archive

A Windows 7 file attribute that indicates a file is available for archiving or backup.

compression

A Windows 7 file attribute that indicates a file is compressed.

hidden

A Windows 7 file attribute that indicates a file is hidden from directory commands

index

A Windows 7 file attribute that indicates a file should be indexed.

MORE

A Windows command that displays text files one screen at a time.

encryption

A Windows file attribute that indicates a file is protected using the Encrypting File System.

FIND

A command used in DOS to locate a specific text string in an ASCII file. The information is sent either to the console or a file.

FINDSTR

A command used in DOS to locate an exact text string in any ASCII file. The information is sent either to the console or a file.

more

A command used in Fedora 13 to display text one screen at a time.

find

A command used in Fedora 13 to search the root directory for files

lsattr

A command used in Fedora 13 to view file attributes.

gzip

A command used to compress Fedora 13 files.

cat

A command used to display file contents by directing the entire contents of a compressed file to an output device in one pass.

grep

A command used to find string patterns in files.

attrib

A command used to view DOS file attributes.

Zip

A format for compressed data files.

inode

A place where Fedora 13 applications store file and directory attributes. The inode contains information about a file or directory, including its type.

file attribute

A restrictive label attached to a file that describes and regulates its use; examples include hidden, system, read-only, and archive. In MS-DOS, this information is stored as part of the file's directory entry.

extension

A set of characters that a user or program adds to a filename to help describe or categorize a file.

encrypting file system (EFS)

A system that Windows 7 uses to store data using file encryption.

zcat

A utility that decompresses gzip files and redirects the output to standard output.

tar

An archive or backup utility that selects and packages files according to filters and is often used in conjunction with the gzip compress utility.

ch 07 - summary notes - 03

As directories are built, more files are added. Many options are available to help you locate these files quickly. For example, when you don't know the exact name of a file you need, you can use wildcards to represent unknown characters in the filename or file type. You can search for files by their name, type, or content. Use the FIND and FINDSTR commands to locate needed information in a file. Regular expressions permit pattern searching of file contents.

Links are like shortcuts to files and directories in Linux. However, they are extremely large in terms of memory usage, are only available while a specific user is logged in, and really should be avoided at all cost True False

False

ch 07 - summary notes - 02

File attributes provide information about a file's access privileges. Files in Windows 7 and Fedora 13 have different file attributes. The most common Windows 7 file attributes are archive, read-only, hidden, compression, and encryption.

ch 07 - summary notes - 05

File compression saves disk space by removing duplicated data in files. In Windows 7, the compression attribute indicates that the file has been compressed. In Fedora 13, the gzip and gunzip commands are used to compress and uncompress files.

ch 07 - summary notes - 01

Files can have different types of contents. You can determine file types by their extensions in Windows 7 or by their file header information in Fedora 13. Knowing the contents of a file helps with error processing, application selection, troubleshooting, and other file processing. You can view a file's contents as a whole or in sections, on a standard display, or within another file.

filename

The set of letters, numbers, and allowable symbols assigned to a file to distinguish it from all other files in a particular directory on a disk. A filename is the label under which a user saves and requests a block of information.

gunzip

The sister utility to gzip that decompresses gzip files.

There are two types of links: symbolic or soft links (aka - relative) hard links (aka - absolute) True False

True

The syntax for creating a link (symbolic) called "greatest_hits" to a file named "songs" is: ln -s songs greatest_hits True Correct - watch out and make sure to use the -s flag! False

True *** Correct - watch out and make sure to use the -s flag!

ch 07 - summary notes - 04

Using the Search feature in Windows 7, you can locate files by their contents, as you can with the FINDSTR command. You can also search for files by their type, kind, size, and date.

Which standard search criteria can you use with the Windows 7 Search feature? (Choose all that apply.) a. all of a filename b. part of a filename c. date d. author

a. all of a file name b. part of a filename c. date d. author

File attributes in Fedora 13 _____. (Choose all that apply.) a. are different from those in Windows 7 b. are seldom used c. can be viewed with the lsattr command d. are the same as those in Windows 7

a. are different from those in Windows 7 c. can be viewed with the lsatttr command

The cat command displays a file's contents_____ . (Choose all that apply.) a. by concatenating them to the standard output device or another file b. and requires a file operand to do so c. and can use the redirection symbol > d. one page at a time when the more command is also used

a. by concatenating them to the standard output device or another file c. and can use the redirection symbol > d. one page at a time when the more command is also used

Encryption of files _____. (Choose all that apply.) a. cannot occur if the files are compressed b. is the same as compression c. prohibits other users from viewing the contents of encrypted files d. is not available in Windows 7 e. is used to decrease file size

a. cannot occur if the files are compressed c. prohibits other users from viewing the contents of encrypted files

The hidden attribute _____ . (Choose all that apply.) a. causes your files to become invisible b. cannot be seen unless you use the DIR UNHIDE command c. is used to prevent a file from being seen by other commands d. is not listed by the DIR command by default

a. causes your files to become invisible c. is used to prevent a file from being seen by other commands d. is not listed by the DIR command by default

When using the Windows 7 Search feature, which of the following criteria can you use to narrow your search? (Choose all that apply.) a. date modified b. author c. program d. size

a. date modified b. author c. progarm d. size

Compressing files _____. (Choose all that apply.) a. decreases a file's size b. decreases the amount of space used by all the files stored within a folder c. may result in a loss of performance d. is not recommended and should not be considered e. cannot be done prior to encryption

a. decreases a file's size b. decreases the amount of space used by all the files stored within a folder c. may result in a loss of performance e. cannot be done prior to encryption

When working with files, knowing the file extension helps you _____. (Choose all that apply.) a. determine if you need to load the application to read or update the file b. determine the value of the file before you begin working with it c. determine the correct compiler to use d. troubleshoot problems you may encounter with downloaded files from the Internet e. in no way; it is only for decorative purposes

a. determine if you need to load the application to read or updade the file c. determine the correct compiler to use

You use the grep command in Fedora 13 to search for _____. a. text within a file b. directories c. links d. files based on file type

a. text within a file

A regular expression . (Choose all that apply.) a. uses literal characters and metacharacters b. is a notation for specifying patterns of text, as opposed to exact strings of characters c. is helpful when searching for exact text matches in an ASCII file d. example is "[A-C]"

a. uses literal characters and metacharacters b. is a notation for specifying patterns of text, as opposed to exact strings of characters

In Fedora 13, file extensions _____. a. are required b. are not necessary because the OS can read the file header to check for the file type c. are identical to those used in the Windows 7 OS d. do not help in determining the contents of the file

b. are not necessary because the OS can read the file header to check for the file type

To view a file in Fedora 13, use the _____ command. (Choose all that apply.) a. FIND b. cat c. find d. more e. less

b. cat

You use the find command in Fedora 13 to search for _____. (Choose all that apply.) a. text within a file b. directories c. links d. files based on file type

b. directories c. links d. files based on file type

Use the _____ command to view attributes in DOS. a. VIEW b. FIND c. ATTRIB d. FILE_ATTRIB

c. ATTRIB

A file extension _____. (Choose all that apply.) a. is required in both the Windows 7 and Fedora 13 operating systems b. is usually three letters and comes after the comma c. is usually three letters and comes after the period d. typically suggests the type of data in the file e. is used by the OS to determine which program could be used to process the file

c. is usually three letters and comes after the period d. typically suggests the type of data in the file e. is used by the OS to determine which program could be used to process the file

What three characters is designated as the other access permission set (when looking as a "ls" screen listing of files and directories)? a. the first three b. No answer text provided. c. the last three d. the middle three

c. the last three

Use the more command to _____. a. copy file contents b. determine file attributes c. view file contents d. view hardware configuration

c. view file contents

Every file in DOS has _____ attributes. a. one b. two c. three d. four

d. 4 (read-only, archive, system, and hidden)

As an administrator, you are directed to remove a user named Bob's access to his file named "human_logistics" and assign ownership to a user named "Barbara". What command would you use? a. chown human_logistics Barbara b. chmod 077 human_logistics c. chmod 000 human_logistics d. chown Barbara human_logistics

d. chown Barbara human_logistics

The DIR command in Windows 7 is similar to the _____ command in Fedora 13. a. find b. more c. file d. ls

d. ls

File associations _____. a. specify certain aspects of the operating system's treatment of different directories b. specify the operating system you are using c. refer to left-over information that does not help you d. specify certain aspects of the operating system's treatment of different file types e. are only used in the Windows 7 OS

d. specify certain aspects of the operating system's treatment for different file types

Use the _____ command to search for an exact text match in an ASCII file. a. find b. SEEK c. SEARCH d. FIND e. FINDSTR

e. FINDSTR